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Mitrović B, Lezerovich S, Sal-Man N. The Role of the Membrane-Associated Domain of the Export Apparatus Protein, EscV (SctV), in the Activity of the Type III Secretion System. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719469. [PMID: 34413845 PMCID: PMC8369761 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a major public health concern worldwide. Many of the causative bacterial pathogens that cause these diseases have a specialized protein complex, the type III secretion system (T3SS), which delivers effector proteins directly into host cells. These effectors manipulate host cell processes for the benefit of the infecting bacteria. The T3SS structure resembles a syringe anchored within the bacterial membrane, projecting toward the host cell membrane. The entry port of the T3SS substrates, called the export apparatus, is formed by five integral membrane proteins. Among the export apparatus proteins, EscV is the largest, and as it forms a nonamer, it constitutes the largest portion of the export apparatus complex. While there are considerable data on the soluble cytoplasmic domain of EscV, our knowledge of its membrane-associated section and its transmembrane domains (TMDs) is still very limited. In this study, using an isolated genetic reporter system, we found that TMD5 and TMD6 of EscV mediate strong self-oligomerization. Substituting these TMDs within the full-length protein with a random hydrophobic sequence resulted in a complete loss of function of the T3SS, further suggesting that the EscV TMD5 and TMD6 sequences have a functional role in addition to their structural role as membrane anchors. As we observed only mild reduction in the ability of the TMD-exchanged variants to integrate into the full or intermediate T3SS complexes, we concluded that EscV TMD5 and TMD6 are not crucial for the global assembly or stability of the T3SS complex but are rather involved in promoting the necessary TMD–TMD interactions within the complex and the overall TMD orientation to allow channel opening for the entry of T3SS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boško Mitrović
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shir Lezerovich
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Neta Sal-Man
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Lin C, Liu Y, Yang M, Peng Y, Wang X. Dissecting Role of Charged Residue from Transmembrane Domain 5 of Latent Membrane Protein 1 via In Silico Simulations and Wet-Lab Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2124-2133. [PMID: 33595309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charged residues are frequently found in the transmembrane segments of membrane proteins, which reside in the hydrophobic bilayer environment. Charged residues are critical for the function of membrane protein. However, studies of their role in protein oligomerization are limited. By taking the fifth transmembrane domain (TMD5) of latent membrane protein 1 from the Epstein-Barr virus as a prototype model, in silico simulations and wet-lab experiments were performed to investigate how the charged states affect transmembrane domain oligomerization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the D150-protonated TMD5 trimer was stable, whereas unprotonated D150 created bends in the helices which distort the trimeric structure. D150 was mutated to asparagine to mimic the protonated D150 in TMD5, and the MD simulations of different D150N TMD5 trimers supported that the protonation state of D150 was critical for the trimerization of TMD5. In silico mutations found that D150N TMD5 preferred to interact with TMD5 to form the heterotrimer (1 D150N TMD5:2 protonated TMD5s) rather than the heterotrimer (2 D150N TMD5s:1 protonated TMD5). D150R TMD5 interacted with TMD5 to form the heterotrimer (1 D150R TMD5:2 protonated TMD5). These in silico results imply that D150N TMD5 and D150R TMD5 peptides may be probes for disrupting TMD5 trimerization, which was supported by the dominant-negative ToxR assay in bacterial membranes. In all, this study elucidates the role of charged residues at the membrane milieu in membrane protein oligomerization and provides insight into the development of oligomerization-regulating peptides for modulating transmembrane domain lateral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130022
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130022.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China, 230026
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130022
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130112
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130112
| | - Yinghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130112
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin China, 130022.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China, 230026
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Wang Y, Peng Y, Zhang B, Zhang X, Li H, Wilson AJ, Mineev KS, Wang X. Targeting trimeric transmembrane domain 5 of oncogenic latent membrane protein 1 using a computationally designed peptide. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7584-7590. [PMID: 31588309 PMCID: PMC6761861 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide inhibitor was designed in silico and validated experimentally to disrupt homotrimeric transmembrane helix assembly.
Protein–protein interactions are involved in diverse biological processes. These interactions are therefore vital targets for drug development. However, the design of peptide modulators targeting membrane-based protein–protein interactions is a challenging goal owing to the lack of experimentally-determined structures and efficient protocols to probe their functions. Here we employed rational peptide design and molecular dynamics simulations to design a membrane-insertable peptide that disrupts the strong trimeric self-association of the fifth transmembrane domain (TMD5) of the oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1). The designed anti-TMD5 peptide formed 1 : 2 heterotrimers with TMD5 in micelles and inhibited TMD5 oligomerization in bacterial membranes. Moreover, the designed peptide inhibited LMP-1 homotrimerization based on NF-κB activity in EVB positive lymphoma cells. The results indicated that the designed anti-TMD5 peptide may represent a promising starting point for elaboration of anti-EBV therapeutics via inhibition of LMP-1 oligomerization. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of disrupting homotrimeric transmembrane helices using a designed peptide inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China . .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510060 , China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals , Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130112 , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
| | - Xiaozheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Konstantin S Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 117997 , Russian
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China . .,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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Logger L, Zoued A, Cascales E. Fusion Reporter Approaches to Monitoring Transmembrane Helix Interactions in Bacterial Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1615:199-210. [PMID: 28667614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7033-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In transenvelope multiprotein machines such as bacterial secretion systems, protein-protein interactions not only occur between soluble domains but might also be mediated by helix-helix contacts in the inner membrane. Here we describe genetic assays commonly used to test interactions between transmembrane α-helices in their native membrane environment. These assays are based on the reconstitution of dimeric regulators allowing the control of expression of reporter genes. We provide detailed protocols for the TOXCAT and GALLEX assays used to monitor homotypic and heterotypic transmembrane helix-helix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen Logger
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Univ-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Abdelrahim Zoued
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Univ-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Cascales
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR7255, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Univ-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Bublil EM, Cohen T, Arnusch CJ, Peleg A, Pines G, Lavi S, Yarden Y, Shai Y. Interfering with the Dimerization of the ErbB Receptors by Transmembrane Domain-Derived Peptides Inhibits Tumorigenic Growth in Vitro and in Vivo. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5520-5530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez M. Bublil
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Tomer Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Christopher J. Arnusch
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Adi Peleg
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biological Regulation and ‡Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
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Repositioning antimicrobial agent pentamidine as a disruptor of the lateral interactions of transmembrane domain 5 of EBV latent membrane protein 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47703. [PMID: 23094078 PMCID: PMC3477141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral transmembrane protein-protein interactions (PPI) have been regarded as "undruggable" despite their importance in many essential biological processes. The homo-trimerization of transmembrane domain 5 (TMD-5) of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is critical for the constitutive oncogenic activation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Herein we repurpose the antimicrobial agent pentamidine as a regulator of LMP-1 TMD-5 lateral interactions. The results of ToxR assay, tryptophan fluorescence assay, courmarin fluorescence dequenching assay, and Bis-Tris sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) consistently show pentamidine disrupts LMP-1 TMD-5 lateral interactions. Furthermore, pentamidine inhibits LMP-1 signaling, inducing cellular apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation in the EBV infected B cells. In contrast, EBV negative cells are less susceptible to pentamidine. This study provides a novel non-peptide small molecule agent for regulating LMP-1 TMD-5 lateral interactions.
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Targeting the lateral interactions of transmembrane domain 5 of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2282-9. [PMID: 22609737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lateral transmembrane protein-protein interaction has been regarded as "undruggable" despite its importance in many biological processes. The homo-trimerization of transmembrane domain 5 (TMD-5) of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is critical for the constitutive oncogenic activation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Herein, we report a small molecule agent, NSC 259242 (compound 1), to be a TMD-5 self-association disruptor. Both the positively charged acetimidamide functional groups and the stilbene backbone of compound 1 are essential for its inhibitory activity. Furthermore, cell-based assays revealed that compound 1 inhibits full-length LMP-1 signaling in EBV infected B cells. These studies demonstrated a new strategy for identifying small molecule disruptors for investigating transmembrane protein-protein interactions.
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Joce C, Wiener AA, Yin H. Multi-Tox: application of the ToxR-transcriptional reporter assay to the study of multi-pass protein transmembrane domain oligomerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2948-53. [PMID: 21791200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ToxR-based transcriptional reporter assays allow the strength of transmembrane helix interactions in biological membranes to be measured. Previously, these assays have only been used to study single-pass transmembrane systems. To facilitate investigation of polytopic transmembrane domain (TMD) oligomerization, we applied the ToxR methodology to the study of multi-pass TMD oligomerization to give 'Multi-Tox'. Association propensities of the viral oncoprotein, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), and the E. coli membrane-integral diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) were studied by Multi-Tox, highlighting residues of particular mechanistic importance. Both homo- and hetero-oligomerizations were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Joce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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