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Takahashi J, Nagasawa S, Ikemoto MJ, Sato C, Sato M, Iwahashi H. Verification of 5-Aminolevurinic Radiodynamic Therapy Using a Murine Melanoma Brain Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205155. [PMID: 31627442 PMCID: PMC6834170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a propensity for brain metastases. These can be treated by radiotherapy, but the radiation-resistant nature of melanoma makes the prognosis for melanoma patients with brain metastases poor. Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of mice with subcutaneous melanoma with 5-aminolevurinic acid (5-ALA) and X-rays in combination, (“radiodynamic therapy (RDT)”), instead of with 5-ALA and laser beams (“photodynamic therapy”), improved tumor suppression in vivo. Here, using the B16-Luc melanoma brain metastasis model, we demonstrate that 5-ALA RDT effectively treats brain metastasis. We also studied how 5-ALA RDT damages cells in vitro using a B16 melanoma culture. Cell culture preincubated with 5-ALA alone increased intracellular photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. On X-ray irradiation, the cells enhanced their ∙OH radical generation, which subsequently induced γH2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks in their nuclei, but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. After two days, the cell cycle was arrested. When 5-ALA RDT was applied to the brain melanoma metastasis model in vivo, suppression of tumor growth was indicated. Therapeutic efficacy in melanoma treatment has recently been improved by molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Treatment with these drugs is now expected to be combined with 5-ALA RDT to further improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Nagasawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Jeon HY, Ham SW, Kim JK, Jin X, Lee SY, Shin YJ, Choi CY, Sa JK, Kim SH, Chun T, Jin X, Nam DH, Kim H. Ly6G + inflammatory cells enable the conversion of cancer cells to cancer stem cells in an irradiated glioblastoma model. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2139-2156. [PMID: 30804471 PMCID: PMC6748155 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most glioblastomas frequently recur at sites of radiotherapy, but it is unclear if changes in the tumor microenvironment due to radiotherapy influence glioblastoma recurrence. Here, we demonstrate that radiation-induced senescent glioblastoma cells exhibit a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that functions through NFκB signaling to influence changes in the tumor microenvironment, such as recruitment of Ly6G+ inflammatory cells and vessel formation. In particular, Ly6G+ cells promote conversion of glioblastoma cells to glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) through the NOS2-NO-ID4 regulatory axis. Specific inhibition of NFκB signaling in irradiated glioma cells using the IκBα super repressor prevents changes in the tumor microenvironment and dedifferentiation of glioblastoma cells. Treatment with Ly6G-neutralizing antibodies also reduces the number of GSCs and prolongs survival in tumor-bearing mice after radiotherapy. Clinically, a positive correlation exists between Ly6G+ cells and the NOS2-NO-ID4 regulatory axis in patients diagnosed with recurrent glioblastoma. Together, our results illustrate important roles for Ly6G+ inflammatory cells recruited by radiation-induced SASP in cancer cell dedifferentiation and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Ham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyum Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Jin
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Puente PDL, Fettig N, Luderer MJ, Jin A, Shah S, Muz B, Kapoor V, Goddu SM, Salama NN, Tsien C, Thotala D, Shoghi K, Rogers B, Azab AK. Injectable Hydrogels for Localized Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Brain Tumors. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:922-933. [PMID: 29162424 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal at 16 months with state-of-the-art treatment that includes surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. GBM tumors are highly heterogeneous, and mechanisms for overcoming tumor resistance have not yet fully been elucidated. An injectable chitosan hydrogel capable of releasing chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ]) while retaining radioactive isotopes agents (iodine, [131I]) was used as a vehicle for localized radiation and chemotherapy, within the surgical cavity. Release from hydrogels loaded with TMZ or 131I was characterized in vitro and in vivo and their efficacy on tumor progression and survival on GBM tumors was also measured. The in vitro release of 131I was negligible over 42 days, whereas the TMZ was completely released over the first 48 h. 131I was completely retained in the tumor bed with negligible distribution in other tissues and that when delivered locally, the chemotherapy accumulated in the tumor at 10-fold higher concentrations than when delivered systemically. We found that the tumors were significantly decreased, and survival was improved in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Novel injectable chemo-radio-hydrogel implants may potentially improve the local control and overall outcome of aggressive, poor prognosis brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Nicole Fettig
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Department, Preclinical PET/CT Imaging Facility, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Micah J Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Abbey Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Sreekrishna M Goddu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Noha Nabil Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christina Tsien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kooresh Shoghi
- Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Department, Preclinical PET/CT Imaging Facility, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Buck Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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Quality Assessment of Stereotactic Radiosurgery of a Melanoma Brain Metastases Model Using a Mouselike Phantom and the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:191-201. [PMID: 28816146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a novel preclinical model for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with combined mouselike phantom quality assurance in the setting of brain metastases. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57B6 mice underwent intracranial injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells. T1-weighted postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on day 11 after injection. The MRI images were fused with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured using the MRI. A single sagittal arc using the 3 × 3 mm2 collimator was used to deliver 18 Gy prescribed to the isocenter. MRI was performed 7 days after radiation treatment, and the dose delivered to the mice was confirmed using 2 mouselike anthropomorphic phantoms: 1 in the axial orientation and the other in the sagittal orientation. The SARRP output was measured using a PTW Farmer type ionization chamber as per the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group report 61, and the H-D curve was generated up to a maximum dose of 30 Gy. Irradiated films were analyzed based on optical density distribution and H-D curve. RESULTS The tumor volume on day 11, before intervention, was 2.48 ± 1.37 mm3 in the no-SRS arm versus 3.75 ± 1.19 mm3 in the SRS arm (NS). In the SRS arm, GTV maximum dose (Dmax) and mean dose were 2048 ± 207 and 1785 ± 14 cGy. Using the mouselike phantoms, the radiochromic film showed close precision in comparison with projected isodose lines, with a Dmax of 1903.4 and 1972.7 cGy, the axial and sagittal phantoms, respectively. Tumor volume 7 days after treatment was 7.34 ± 8.24 mm3 in the SRS arm and 60.20 ± 40.4 mm3 in the no-SRS arm (P=.009). No mice in the control group survived more than 22 days after implantation, with a median overall survival (mOS) of 19 days; mOS was not reached in the SRS group, with 1 death noted. CONCLUSIONS Single-fraction SRS of 18 Gy delivered in a single arc can be delivered accurately with MRI T1-weighted postcontrast-based treatment planning. The mouse like phantom allows for verification of dose delivery and accuracy.
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Kahn J, Tofilon PJ, Camphausen K. Preclinical models in radiation oncology. Radiat Oncol 2012; 7:223. [PMID: 23270380 PMCID: PMC3549821 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-7-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of cancer continues to rise, the use of radiotherapy has emerged as a leading treatment modality. Preclinical models in radiation oncology are essential tools for cancer research and therapeutics. Various model systems have been used to test radiation therapy, including in vitro cell culture assays as well as in vivo ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models. This review aims to describe such models, their advantages and disadvantages, particularly as they have been employed in the discovery of molecular targets for tumor radiosensitization. Ultimately, any model system must be judged by its utility in developing more effective cancer therapies, which is in turn dependent on its ability to simulate the biology of tumors as they exist in situ. Although every model has its limitations, each has played a significant role in preclinical testing. Continued advances in preclinical models will allow for the identification and application of targets for radiation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kahn
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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