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Hansen T, Lee J, Reicher N, Ovadia G, Guo S, Guo W, Liu J, Braslavsky I, Rudich Y, Davies PL. Ice nucleation proteins self-assemble into large fibres to trigger freezing at near 0 °C. eLife 2023; 12:RP91976. [PMID: 38109272 PMCID: PMC10727499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, frost can form at a few degrees below 0 °C. However, this process requires the assembly of tens of thousands of ice-like water molecules that align together to initiate freezing at these relatively high temperatures. Water ordering on this scale is mediated by the ice nucleation proteins (INPs) of common environmental bacteria like Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas borealis. However, individually, these 100 kDa proteins are too small to organize enough water molecules for frost formation, and it is not known how giant, megadalton-sized multimers, which are crucial for ice nucleation at high sub-zero temperatures, form. The ability of multimers to self-assemble was suggested when the transfer of an INP gene into Escherichia coli led to efficient ice nucleation. Here, we demonstrate that a positively charged subdomain at the C-terminal end of the central β-solenoid of the INP is crucial for multimerization. Truncation, relocation, or change of the charge of this subdomain caused a catastrophic loss of ice nucleation ability. Cryo-electron tomography of the recombinant E. coli showed that the INP multimers form fibres that are ~5 nm across and up to 200 nm long. A model of these fibres as an overlapping series of antiparallel dimers can account for all their known properties and suggests a route to making cell-free ice nucleators for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
| | - Jocelyn Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
| | - Naama Reicher
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Gil Ovadia
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Shuaiqi Guo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada
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2
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Sreter JA, Foxall TL, Varga K. Intracellular and Extracellular Antifreeze Protein Significantly Improves Mammalian Cell Cryopreservation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:669. [PMID: 35625597 PMCID: PMC9139014 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation is an essential part of the biotechnology, food, and health care industries. There is a need to develop more effective, less toxic cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and methods, especially for mammalian cells. We investigated the impact of an insect antifreeze protein from Anatolica polita (ApAFP752) on mammalian cell cryopreservation using the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293T. An enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged antifreeze protein, EGFP-ApAFP752, was transfected into the cells and the GFP was used to determine the efficiency of transfection. AFP was assessed for its cryoprotective effects intra- and extracellularly and both simultaneously at different concentrations with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different concentrations. Comparisons were made to DMSO or medium alone. Cells were cryopreserved at -196 °C for ≥4 weeks. Upon thawing, cellular viability was determined using trypan blue, cellular damage was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and cellular metabolism was measured using a metabolic activity assay (MTS). The use of this AFP significantly improved cryopreserved cell survival when used with DMSO intracellularly. Extracellular AFP also significantly improved cell survival when included in the DMSO freezing medium. Intra- and extracellular AFP used together demonstrated the most significantly increased cryoprotection compared to DMSO alone. These findings present a potential method to improve the viability of cryopreserved mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Sreter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Thomas L. Foxall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Krisztina Varga
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
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3
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Li M, Luckett CR, Wu T. Potent Time-Dependent Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Sucrose Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:497-504. [PMID: 34914371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploring novel materials with ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity in several fields often starts with a quantitative analysis of ice crystal size change by a splat assay or sandwich assay on a short time scale from 0.5 to 1 h. This study found that this time scale was insufficient to evaluate the IRI activity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a model ice cream system-25.0% sucrose solution. No IRI activity was observed in CNCs incubated with ice crystals on a short time scale of 0.5-2.0 h. However, over longer time scales, the growth of ice crystals was entirely inhibited by 1.0% CNCs (between 2 and 24 h) and 0.5% CNCs (between 24 and 72 h) with corresponding final crystal sizes of 25 and 40 μm, respectively. Additionally, ice shaping was observed on a long exposure time, but not on a short exposure time. The findings presented here can be explained by a time-dependent surface coverage of CNCs on ice crystals. The data here indicate the importance of choosing a suitable exposure time for evaluating the IRI activity of new materials and prompt a better understanding of IRI mechanisms involving CNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Curtis R Luckett
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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4
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Crystal structure of an insect antifreeze protein reveals ordered waters on the ice-binding surface. Biochem J 2021; 477:3271-3286. [PMID: 32794579 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are characterized by their ability to adsorb to the surface of ice crystals and prevent any further crystal growth. AFPs have independently evolved for this purpose in a variety of organisms that encounter the threat of freezing, including many species of polar fish, insects, plants and microorganisms. Despite their diverse origins and structures, it has been suggested that all AFPs can organize ice-like water patterns on one side of the protein (the ice-binding site) that helps bind the AFP to ice. Here, to test this hypothesis, we have solved the crystal structure at 2.05 Å resolution of an AFP from the longhorn beetle, Rhagium mordax with five molecules in the unit cell. This AFP is hyperactive, and its crystal structure resembles that of the R. inquisitor ortholog in having a β-solenoid fold with a wide, flat ice-binding surface formed by four parallel rows of mainly Thr residues. The key difference between these structures is that the R. inquisitor AFP crystallized with its ice-binding site (IBS) making protein-protein contacts that limited the surface water patterns. Whereas the R. mordax AFP crystallized with the IBSs exposed to solvent enabling two layers of unrestricted ordered surface waters to be seen. These crystal waters make close matches to ice lattice waters on the basal and primary prism planes.
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5
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Carrot ‘antifreeze’ protein has an irregular ice-binding site that confers weak freezing point depression but strong inhibition of ice recrystallization. Biochem J 2020; 477:2179-2192. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are found in many biological kingdoms where they protect organisms from freezing damage as antifreeze agents or inhibitors of ice recrystallization. Here, the crystal structure of recombinant IBP from carrot (Daucus carota) has been solved to a resolution of 2.3 Å. As predicted, the protein is a structural homologue of a plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein forming a curved solenoid structure with a leucine-rich repeat motif. Unexpectedly, close examination of its surface did not reveal any large regions of flat, regularly spaced hydrophobic residues that characterize the ice-binding sites (IBSs) of potent antifreeze proteins from freeze-resistant fish and insects. An IBS was defined by site-directed mutagenesis of residues on the convex surface of the carrot solenoid. This imperfect site is reminiscent of the irregular IBS of grass ‘antifreeze’ protein. Like the grass protein, the carrot IBP has weak freezing point depression activity but is extremely active at nanomolar concentrations in inhibiting ice recrystallization. Ice crystals formed in the presence of both plant proteins grow slowly and evenly in all directions. We suggest that this slow, controlled ice growth is desirable for freeze tolerance. The fact that two plant IBPs have evolved very different protein structures to affect ice in a similar manner suggests this pattern of weak freezing point depression and strong ice recrystallization inhibition helps their host to tolerate freezing rather than to resist it.
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6
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Graham LA, Boddington ME, Holmstrup M, Davies PL. Antifreeze protein complements cryoprotective dehydration in the freeze-avoiding springtail Megaphorura arctica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3047. [PMID: 32080305 PMCID: PMC7033094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The springtail, Megaphorura arctica, is freeze-avoiding and survives sub-zero temperatures by cryoprotective dehydration. At the onset of dehydration there is some supercooling of body fluids, and the danger of inoculative freezing, which would be lethal. To see if the springtails are protected by antifreeze proteins in this pre-equilibrium phase, we examined extracts from cold-acclimated M. arctica and recorded over 3 °C of freezing point depression. Proteins responsible for this antifreeze activity were isolated by ice affinity. They comprise isoforms ranging from 6.5 to 16.9 kDa, with an amino acid composition dominated by glycine (>35 mol%). Tryptic peptide sequences were used to identify the mRNA sequence coding for the smallest isoform. This antifreeze protein sequence has high similarity to one characterized in Hypogastrura harveyi, from a different springtail order. If these two antifreeze proteins are true homologs, we suggest their origin dates back to the Permian glaciations some 300 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Graham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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7
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Berger T, Meister K, DeVries AL, Eves R, Davies PL, Drori R. Synergy between Antifreeze Proteins Is Driven by Complementary Ice-Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19144-19150. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tehilla Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Konrad Meister
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Arthur L. DeVries
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Robert Eves
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ran Drori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016, United States
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8
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Xue B, Zhao L, Qin X, Qin M, Lai J, Huang W, Lei H, Wang J, Wang W, Li Y, Cao Y. Bioinspired Ice Growth Inhibitors Based on Self-Assembling Peptides. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1383-1390. [PMID: 35651174 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are widely found in organisms living in subzero environments. Their strong ability to inhibit ice growth and recrystallization have inspired considerable bioinspired efforts to engineer artificial ice growth inhibitors for cryopreservation. However, it remains challenging to engineer biocompatible and cost-effective synthetic ice growth inhibitors to meet the increasing needs of cryoprotectants in biomedical research and industry. Here we report the design of artificial ice growth inhibitors based on self-assembling peptides. We demonstrate the importance of threonine residues as well as their spatial arrangement for effective ice binding. The engineered self-assembling ice growth inhibiting peptides show moderate ice inhibiting activity including suppression of ice growth rates and retardation of recrystallization of ice crystals. The applications of these peptides in cryopreservation of enzymes and cells were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenmao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Ice Nucleation Properties of Ice-binding Proteins from Snow Fleas. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100532. [PMID: 31557956 PMCID: PMC6843771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are found in many organisms, such as fish and hexapods, plants, and bacteria that need to cope with low temperatures. Ice nucleation and thermal hysteresis are two attributes of IBPs. While ice nucleation is promoted by large proteins, known as ice nucleating proteins, the smaller IBPs, referred to as antifreeze proteins (AFPs), inhibit the growth of ice crystals by up to several degrees below the melting point, resulting in a thermal hysteresis (TH) gap between melting and ice growth. Recently, we showed that the nucleation capacity of two types of IBPs corresponds to their size, in agreement with classical nucleation theory. Here, we expand this finding to additional IBPs that we isolated from snow fleas (the arthropod Collembola), collected in northern Israel. Chemical analyses using circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data suggest that these IBPs have a similar structure to a previously reported snow flea antifreeze protein. Further experiments reveal that the ice-shell purified proteins have hyperactive antifreeze properties, as determined by nanoliter osmometry, and also exhibit low ice-nucleation activity in accordance with their size.
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10
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Casillo A, Ricciardelli A, Parrilli E, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM. Cell-wall associated polysaccharide from the psychrotolerant bacterium Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4: isolation, purification and structural elucidation. Extremophiles 2019; 24:63-70. [PMID: 31309337 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the structure of the capsular polysaccharide isolated from the psychrotolerant bacterium Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 is reported. The polymer was purified by gel filtration chromatography and the structure was elucidated by means of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, in combination with chemical analyses. The polysaccharide consists of a trisaccharidic repeating unit containing two residues of glucose and a residue of a N,N-diacetyl-pseudaminic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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11
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Kaleda A, Haleva L, Sarusi G, Pinsky T, Mangiagalli M, Bar Dolev M, Lotti M, Nardini M, Braslavsky I. Saturn-Shaped Ice Burst Pattern and Fast Basal Binding of an Ice-Binding Protein from an Antarctic Bacterial Consortium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7337-7346. [PMID: 30198719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) bind to ice crystals and control their growth, enabling host organisms to adapt to subzero temperatures. By binding to ice, IBPs can affect the shape and recrystallization of ice crystals. The shapes of ice crystals produced by IBPs vary and are partially due to which ice planes the IBPs are bound to. Previously, we have described a bacterial IBP found in the metagenome of the symbionts of Euplotes focardii ( EfcIBP). EfcIBP shows remarkable ice recrystallization inhibition activity. As recrystallization inhibition of IBPs and other materials are important to the cryopreservation of cells and tissues, we speculate that the EfcIBP can play a future role as an ice recrystallization inhibitor in cryopreservation applications. Here we show that EfcIBP results in a Saturn-shaped ice burst pattern, which may be due to the unique ice-plane affinity of the protein that we elucidated using the fluorescent-based ice-plane affinity analysis. EfcIBP binds to ice at a speed similar to that of other moderate IBPs (5 ± 2 mM-1 s-1); however, it is unique in that it binds to the basal and previously unobserved pyramidal near-basal planes, while other moderate IBPs typically bind to the prism and pyramidal planes and not basal or near-basal planes. These insights into EfcIBP allow a better understanding of the recrystallization inhibition for this unique protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Kaleda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science , Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5 , 19086 Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Lotem Haleva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Guy Sarusi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Tova Pinsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milan , Italy
| | - Maya Bar Dolev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences , University of Milano , Via Celoria 26 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
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12
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Chasnitsky M, Braslavsky I. Ice-binding proteins and the applicability and limitations of the kinetic pinning model. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180391. [PMID: 30982449 PMCID: PMC6501913 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are unique molecules that bind to and are active on the interface between two phases of water: ice and liquid water. This property allows them to affect ice growth in multiple ways: shaping ice crystals, suppressing the freezing point, inhibiting recrystallization and promoting nucleation. Advances in the protein's production technologies make these proteins promising agents for medical applications among others. Here, we focus on a special class of IBPs that suppress freezing by causing thermal hysteresis (TH): antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The kinetic pinning model describes the dynamics of a growing ice face with proteins binding to it, which eventually slow it down to a halt. We use the kinetic pinning model, with some adjustments made, to study the TH dependence on the solution's concentration of AFPs by fitting the model to published experimental data. We find this model describes the activity of (moderate) type III AFPs well, but is inadequate for the (hyperactive) Tenebrio molitor AFPs. We also find the engulfment resistance to be a key parameter, which depends on the protein's size. Finally, we explain intuitively how TH depends on the seeding time of the ice crystal in the protein solution. Using this insight, we explain the discrepancy in TH measurements between different assays. This article is part of the theme issue 'The physics and chemistry of ice: scaffolding across scales, from the viability of life to the formation of planets'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, and Harvey M. Kruger Family Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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13
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Falling water ice affinity purification of ice-binding proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11046. [PMID: 30038212 PMCID: PMC6056459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) permit their hosts to thrive in the presence of ice. The ability of IBPs to control ice growth makes them potential additives in industries ranging from food storage and cryopreservation to anti-icing systems. For IBPs to be used in commercial applications, however, methods are needed to produce sufficient quantities of high-quality proteins. Here, we describe a new method for IBP purification, termed falling water ice affinity purification (FWIP). The method is based on the affinity of IBPs for ice and does not require molecular tags. A crude IBP solution is allowed to flow over a chilled vertical surface of a commercial ice machine. The temperature of the surface is lowered gradually until ice crystals are produced, to which the IBPs bind but other solutes do not. We found that a maximum of 35 mg of IBP was incorporated in 1 kg of ice. Two rounds of FWIP resulted in >95% purity. An ice machine that produces 60 kg of ice per day can be used to purify one gram of IBP per day. In combination with efficient concentration of the protein solution by tangential flow filtration the FWIP method is suitable for the purification of grams of IBPs for research purposes and applications.
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14
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Krens SFG, Veldhuis JH, Barone V, Čapek D, Maître JL, Brodland GW, Heisenberg CP. Interstitial fluid osmolarity modulates the action of differential tissue surface tension in progenitor cell segregation during gastrulation. Development 2017; 144:1798-1806. [PMID: 28512197 PMCID: PMC5450835 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The segregation of different cell types into distinct tissues is a fundamental process in metazoan development. Differences in cell adhesion and cortex tension are commonly thought to drive cell sorting by regulating tissue surface tension (TST). However, the role that differential TST plays in cell segregation within the developing embryo is as yet unclear. Here, we have analyzed the role of differential TST for germ layer progenitor cell segregation during zebrafish gastrulation. Contrary to previous observations that differential TST drives germ layer progenitor cell segregation in vitro, we show that germ layers display indistinguishable TST within the gastrulating embryo, arguing against differential TST driving germ layer progenitor cell segregation in vivo. We further show that the osmolarity of the interstitial fluid (IF) is an important factor that influences germ layer TST in vivo, and that lower osmolarity of the IF compared with standard cell culture medium can explain why germ layers display differential TST in culture but not in vivo. Finally, we show that directed migration of mesendoderm progenitors is required for germ layer progenitor cell segregation and germ layer formation. Highlighted Article: Segregation of the germ layer progenitors in the zebrafish gastrula is driven by directed cell migration, rather than differential tissue surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Gabriel Krens
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jim H Veldhuis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vanessa Barone
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Čapek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jean-Léon Maître
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - G Wayne Brodland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Muñoz PA, Márquez SL, González-Nilo FD, Márquez-Miranda V, Blamey JM. Structure and application of antifreeze proteins from Antarctic bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:138. [PMID: 28784139 PMCID: PMC5547475 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) production is a survival strategy of psychrophiles in ice. These proteins have potential in frozen food industry avoiding the damage in the structure of animal or vegetal foods. Moreover, there is not much information regarding the interaction of Antarctic bacterial AFPs with ice, and new determinations are needed to understand the behaviour of these proteins at the water/ice interface. Results Different Antarctic places were screened for antifreeze activity and microorganisms were selected for the presence of thermal hysteresis in their crude extracts. Isolates GU1.7.1, GU3.1.1, and AFP5.1 showed higher thermal hysteresis and were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Studies using cucumber and zucchini samples showed cellular protection when samples were treated with partially purified AFPs or a commercial AFP as was determined using toluidine blue O and neutral red staining. Additionally, genome analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of genes that encode for putative AFPs. Deduced amino acids sequences from GU3.1.1 (gu3A and gu3B) and AFP5.1 (afp5A) showed high similarity to reported AFPs which crystal structures are solved, allowing then generating homology models. Modelled proteins showed a triangular prism form similar to β-helix AFPs with a linear distribution of threonine residues at one side of the prism that could correspond to the putative ice binding side. The statistically best models were used to build a protein-water system. Molecular dynamics simulations were then performed to compare the antifreezing behaviour of these AFPs at the ice/water interface. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that gu3B could have the most efficient antifreezing behavior, but gu3A could have a higher affinity for ice. Conclusions AFPs from Antarctic microorganisms GU1.7.1, GU3.1.1 and AFP5.1 protect cellular structures of frozen food showing a potential for frozen food industry. Modeled proteins possess a β-helix structure, and molecular docking analysis revealed the AFP gu3B could be the most efficient AFPs in order to avoid the formation of ice crystals, even when gu3A has a higher affinity for ice. By determining the interaction of AFPs at the ice/water interface, it will be possible to understand the process of adaptation of psychrophilic bacteria to Antarctic ice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0737-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A Muñoz
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián L Márquez
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando D González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Márquez-Miranda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenny M Blamey
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas, 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. .,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Dreischmeier K, Budke C, Wiehemeier L, Kottke T, Koop T. Boreal pollen contain ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding 'antifreeze' polysaccharides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41890. [PMID: 28157236 PMCID: PMC5291224 DOI: 10.1038/srep41890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice nucleation and growth is an important and widespread environmental process. Accordingly, nature has developed means to either promote or inhibit ice crystal formation, for example ice-nucleating proteins in bacteria or ice-binding antifreeze proteins in polar fish. Recently, it was found that birch pollen release ice-nucleating macromolecules when suspended in water. Here we show that birch pollen washing water exhibits also ice-binding properties such as ice shaping and ice recrystallization inhibition, similar to antifreeze proteins. We present spectroscopic evidence that both the ice-nucleating as well as the ice-binding molecules are polysaccharides bearing carboxylate groups. The spectra suggest that both polysaccharides consist of very similar chemical moieties, but centrifugal filtration indicates differences in molecular size: ice nucleation occurs only in the supernatant of a 100 kDa filter, while ice shaping is strongly enhanced in the filtrate. This finding may suggest that the larger ice-nucleating polysaccharides consist of clusters of the smaller ice-binding polysaccharides, or that the latter are fragments of the ice-nucleating polysaccharides. Finally, similar polysaccharides released from pine and alder pollen also display both ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding ability, suggesting a common mechanism of interaction with ice among several boreal pollen with implications for atmospheric processes and antifreeze protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dreischmeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Budke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars Wiehemeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Center for Molecular Materials, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Phippen SW, Stevens CA, Vance TDR, King NP, Baker D, Davies PL. Multivalent Display of Antifreeze Proteins by Fusion to Self-Assembling Protein Cages Enhances Ice-Binding Activities. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6811-6820. [PMID: 27951652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are small monomeric proteins that adsorb to the surface of ice to inhibit ice crystal growth and impart freeze resistance to the organisms producing them. Previously, monomeric AFPs have been conjugated to the termini of branched polymers to increase their activity through the simultaneous binding of more than one AFP to ice. Here, we describe a superior approach to increasing AFP activity through oligomerization that eliminates the need for conjugation reactions with varying levels of efficiency. A moderately active AFP from a fish and a hyperactive AFP from an Antarctic bacterium were genetically fused to the C-termini of one component of the 24-subunit protein cage T33-21, resulting in protein nanoparticles that multivalently display exactly 12 AFPs. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited freezing point depression >50-fold greater than that seen with the same concentration of monomeric AFP and a similar increase in the level of ice-recrystallization inhibition. These results support the anchored clathrate mechanism of binding of AFP to ice. The enhanced freezing point depression could be due to the difficulty of overgrowing a larger AFP on the ice surface and the improved ice-recrystallization inhibition to the ability of the nanoparticle to simultaneously bind multiple ice grains. Oligomerization of these proteins using self-assembling protein cages will be useful in a variety of biotechnology and cryobiology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Phippen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Corey A Stevens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tyler D R Vance
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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18
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Bar Dolev M, Bernheim R, Guo S, Davies PL, Braslavsky I. Putting life on ice: bacteria that bind to frozen water. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20160210. [PMID: 27534698 PMCID: PMC5014055 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are typically small, soluble proteins produced by cold-adapted organisms to help them avoid ice damage by either resisting or tolerating freezing. By contrast, the IBP of the Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis is an extremely long, 1.5 MDa protein consisting of five different regions. The fourth region, a 34 kDa domain, is the only part that confers ice binding. Bioinformatic studies suggest that this IBP serves as an adhesin that attaches the bacteria to ice to keep it near the top of the water column, where oxygen and nutrients are available. Using temperature-controlled cells and a microfluidic apparatus, we show that M. primoryensis adheres to ice and is only released when melting occurs. Binding is dependent on the mobility of the bacterium and the functionality of the IBP domain. A polyclonal antibody raised against the IBP region blocks bacterial ice adhesion. This concept may be the basis for blocking biofilm formation in other bacteria, including pathogens. Currently, this IBP is the only known example of an adhesin that has evolved to bind ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bar Dolev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Bernheim
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shuaiqi Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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19
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An open source cryostage and software analysis method for detection of antifreeze activity. Cryobiology 2016; 72:251-7. [PMID: 27041219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide the reader with a simple setup that can detect antifreeze proteins (AFP) by inhibition of ice recrystallisation in very small sample sizes. This includes an open source cryostage, a method for preparing and loading samples as well as a software analysis method. The entire setup was tested using hyperactive AFP from the cerambycid beetle, Rhagium mordax. Samples containing AFP were compared to buffer samples, and the results are visualised as crystal radius evolution over time and in absolute change over 30 min. Statistical analysis showed that samples containing AFP could reliably be told apart from controls after only two minutes of recrystallisation. The goal of providing a fast, cheap and easy method for detecting antifreeze proteins in solution was met, and further development of the system can be followed at https://github.com/pechano/cryostage.
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20
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Stevens CA, Drori R, Zalis S, Braslavsky I, Davies PL. Dendrimer-Linked Antifreeze Proteins Have Superior Activity and Thermal Recovery. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1908-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Stevens
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ran Drori
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shiran Zalis
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty
of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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21
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Drori R, Celik Y, Davies PL, Braslavsky I. Ice-binding proteins that accumulate on different ice crystal planes produce distinct thermal hysteresis dynamics. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140526. [PMID: 25008081 PMCID: PMC4233703 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins that aid the survival of freeze-avoiding, cold-adapted organisms
by inhibiting the growth of endogenous ice crystals are called antifreeze proteins
(AFPs). The binding of AFPs to ice causes a separation between the melting point and
the freezing point of the ice crystal (thermal hysteresis, TH). TH produced by
hyperactive AFPs is an order of magnitude higher than that produced by a typical fish
AFP. The basis for this difference in activity remains unclear. Here, we have
compared the time dependence of TH activity for both hyperactive and moderately
active AFPs using a custom-made nanolitre osmometer and a novel microfluidics system.
We found that the TH activities of hyperactive AFPs were time-dependent, and that the
TH activity of a moderate AFP was almost insensitive to time. Fluorescence microscopy
measurement revealed that despite their higher TH activity, hyperactive AFPs from two
insects (moth and beetle) took far longer to accumulate on the ice surface than did a
moderately active fish AFP. An ice-binding protein from a bacterium that functions as
an ice adhesin rather than as an antifreeze had intermediate TH properties.
Nevertheless, the accumulation of this ice adhesion protein and the two hyperactive
AFPs on the basal plane of ice is distinct and extensive, but not detectable for
moderately active AFPs. Basal ice plane binding is the distinguishing feature of
antifreeze hyperactivity, which is not strictly needed in fish that require only
approximately 1°C of TH. Here, we found a correlation between the accumulation
kinetics of the hyperactive AFP at the basal plane and the time sensitivity of the
measured TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Drori
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yeliz Celik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Peter L Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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22
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Abstract
An antifreeze protein (AFP) with no known homologs has been identified in Lake Ontario midges (Chironomidae). The midge AFP is expressed as a family of isoforms at low levels in adults, which emerge from fresh water in spring before the threat of freezing temperatures has passed. The 9.1-kDa major isoform derived from a preproprotein precursor is glycosylated and has a 10-residue tandem repeating sequence xxCxGxYCxG, with regularly spaced cysteines, glycines, and tyrosines comprising one-half its 79 residues. Modeling and molecular dynamics predict a tightly wound left-handed solenoid fold in which the cysteines form a disulfide core to brace each of the eight 10-residue coils. The solenoid is reinforced by intrachain hydrogen bonds, side-chain salt bridges, and a row of seven stacked tyrosines on the hydrophobic side that forms the putative ice-binding site. A disulfide core is also a feature of the similar-sized beetle AFP that is a β-helix with seven 12-residue coils and a comparable circular dichroism spectrum. The midge and beetle AFPs are not homologous and their ice-binding sites are radically different, with the latter comprising two parallel arrays of outward-pointing threonines. However, their structural similarities is an amazing example of convergent evolution in different orders of insects to cope with change to a colder climate and provide confirmation about the physical features needed for a protein to bind ice.
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23
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Drori R, Davies PL, Braslavsky I. Experimental correlation between thermal hysteresis activity and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-controlled microfluidic devices and fluorescence microscopy illustrate the correlation between freezing-point depression and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Drori
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Food Science and Nutrition
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture
- Food and Environment
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Food Science and Nutrition
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture
- Food and Environment
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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24
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Mizrahy O, Bar-Dolev M, Guy S, Braslavsky I. Inhibition of ice growth and recrystallization by zirconium acetate and zirconium acetate hydroxide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59540. [PMID: 23555701 PMCID: PMC3605400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The control over ice crystal growth, melting, and shaping is important in a variety of fields, including cell and food preservation and ice templating for the production of composite materials. Control over ice growth remains a challenge in industry, and the demand for new cryoprotectants is high. Naturally occurring cryoprotectants, such as antifreeze proteins (AFPs), present one solution for modulating ice crystal growth; however, the production of AFPs is expensive and inefficient. These obstacles can be overcome by identifying synthetic substitutes with similar AFP properties. Zirconium acetate (ZRA) was recently found to induce the formation of hexagonal cavities in materials prepared by ice templating. Here, we continue this line of study and examine the effects of ZRA and a related compound, zirconium acetate hydroxide (ZRAH), on ice growth, shaping, and recrystallization. We found that the growth rate of ice crystals was significantly reduced in the presence of ZRA and ZRAH, and that solutions containing these compounds display a small degree of thermal hysteresis, depending on the solution pH. The compounds were found to inhibit recrystallization in a manner similar to that observed in the presence of AFPs. The favorable properties of ZRA and ZRAH suggest tremendous potential utility in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Mizrahy
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Bar-Dolev
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Shlomit Guy
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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