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Tomás FJB, Turko P, Heilmann H, Trimbuch T, Yanagawa Y, Vida I, Münster-Wandowski A. BDNF Expression in Cortical GABAergic Interneurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1567. [PMID: 32106593 PMCID: PMC7084226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major neuronal growth factor that is widely expressed in the central nervous system. It is synthesized as a glycosylated precursor protein, (pro)BDNF and post-translationally converted to the mature form, (m)BDNF. BDNF is known to be produced and secreted by cortical glutamatergic principal cells (PCs); however, it remains a question whether it can also be synthesized by other neuron types, in particular, GABAergic interneurons (INs). Therefore, we utilized immunocytochemical labeling and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to investigate the cellular distribution of proBDNF and its RNA in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the mouse cortex. Immunofluorescence labeling revealed that mBDNF, as well as proBDNF, localized to both the neuronal populations in the hippocampus. The precursor proBDNF protein showed a perinuclear distribution pattern, overlapping with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the site of protein synthesis. RT-qPCR of samples obtained using laser capture microdissection (LCM) or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of hippocampal and cortical neurons further demonstrated the abundance of BDNF transcripts in both glutamatergic and GABAergic cells. Thus, our data provide compelling evidence that BDNF can be synthesized by both principal cells and INs of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico José Barreda Tomás
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.J.B.T.); (P.T.); (H.H.); (I.V.)
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Turko
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.J.B.T.); (P.T.); (H.H.); (I.V.)
| | - Heike Heilmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.J.B.T.); (P.T.); (H.H.); (I.V.)
| | - Thorsten Trimbuch
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Departments of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi City 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Imre Vida
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.J.B.T.); (P.T.); (H.H.); (I.V.)
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Münster-Wandowski
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.J.B.T.); (P.T.); (H.H.); (I.V.)
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Khan AM, Grant AH, Martinez A, Burns GAPC, Thatcher BS, Anekonda VT, Thompson BW, Roberts ZS, Moralejo DH, Blevins JE. Mapping Molecular Datasets Back to the Brain Regions They are Extracted from: Remembering the Native Countries of Hypothalamic Expatriates and Refugees. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:101-193. [PMID: 30334222 PMCID: PMC6310046 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a canonical brain atlas where the data come from, thereby allowing researchers to integrate these data with other datasets across multiple scales. A key methodology that enables atlas-based mapping of extracted datasets-laser-capture microdissection-is discussed in detail, with a view of how this technology is a bridge between systems biology and systems neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad M Khan
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Alice H Grant
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anais Martinez
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gully A P C Burns
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Brendan S Thatcher
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vishwanath T Anekonda
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Thompson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary S Roberts
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel H Moralejo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Weisz HA, Boone DR, Sell SL, Hellmich HL. Stereotactic Atlas-Guided Laser Capture Microdissection of Brain Regions Affected by Traumatic Injury. J Vis Exp 2017:56134. [PMID: 28930995 PMCID: PMC5752209 DOI: 10.3791/56134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to isolate specific brain regions of interest can be impeded in tissue disassociation techniques that do not preserve their spatial distribution. Such techniques also potentially skew gene expression analysis because the process itself can alter expression patterns in individual cells. Here we describe a laser capture microdissection (LCM) method to selectively collect specific brain regions affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) by using a modified Nissl (cresyl violet) staining protocol and the guidance of a rat brain atlas. LCM provides access to brain regions in their native positions and the ability to use anatomical landmarks for identification of each specific region. To this end, LCM has been used previously to examine brain region specific gene expression in TBI. This protocol allows examination of TBI-induced alterations in gene and microRNA expression in distinct brain areas within the same animal. The principles of this protocol can be amended and applied to a wide range of studies examining genomic expression in other disease and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris A Weisz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Deborah R Boone
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Stacy L Sell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Helen L Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch;
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Macaulay IC, Ponting CP, Voet T. Single-Cell Multiomics: Multiple Measurements from Single Cells. Trends Genet 2017; 33:155-168. [PMID: 28089370 PMCID: PMC5303816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing provides information that is not confounded by genotypic or phenotypic heterogeneity of bulk samples. Sequencing of one molecular type (RNA, methylated DNA or open chromatin) in a single cell, furthermore, provides insights into the cell's phenotype and links to its genotype. Nevertheless, only by taking measurements of these phenotypes and genotypes from the same single cells can such inferences be made unambiguously. In this review, we survey the first experimental approaches that assay, in parallel, multiple molecular types from the same single cell, before considering the challenges and opportunities afforded by these and future technologies. Unambiguous inference that a cellular phenotype is caused by a genotype can only be achieved by their measurement from the same single cell. Estimating RNA and DNA copy number abundance in single cells is now possible using a variety of experimental approaches. Parallel measurement of single-cell epigenomes and transcriptomes provides further insight into the regulation of cellular identity and phenotypes. Parallel measurement of single-cell transcriptomes and protein abundance (by FACS, proximity ligation assays/PEA or mass cytometry) allows insight into expression dynamics. Our understanding of cancer progression and diversity is likely to be advanced greatly by the multiomics investigation of single cells, as is our understanding of normal developmental and other disease processes. Ongoing technological advances will see improvements in the coverage, sensitivity of multiomics approaches, as well the number of analytes that can be surveyed in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain C Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Chris P Ponting
- Sanger Institute - EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Thierry Voet
- Sanger Institute - EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Corgiat BA, Mueller C. Using Laser Capture Microdissection to Isolate Cortical Laminae in Nonhuman Primate Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1606:115-132. [PMID: 28501997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6990-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a technique that allows procurement of an enriched cell population from a heterogeneous tissue sample under direct microscopic visualization. Fundamentally, laser capture microdissection consists of three main steps: (1) visualizing the desired cell population by microscopy, (2) melting a thermolabile polymer onto the desired cell populations using infrared laser energy to form a polymer-cell composite (capture method) or photovolatizing a region of tissue using ultraviolet laser energy (cutting method), and (3) removing the desired cell population from the heterogeneous tissue. In this chapter, we discuss the infrared capture method only. LCM technology is compatible with a wide range of downstream applications such as mass spectrometry, DNA genotyping and RNA transcript profiling, cDNA library generation, proteomics discovery, and signal pathway mapping. This chapter profiles the ArcturusXT™ laser capture microdissection instrument, using isolation of specific cortical lamina from nonhuman primate brain regions, and sample preparation methods for downstream proteomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Corgiat
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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Waller R, Woodroofe MN, Wharton SB, Ince PG, Francese S, Heath PR, Cudzich-Madry A, Thomas RH, Rounding N, Sharrack B, Simpson JE. Gene expression profiling of the astrocyte transcriptome in multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter reveals a neuroprotective role. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Frost AR, Eltoum I, Siegal GP, Emmert‐Buck MR, Tangrea MA. Laser Microdissection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 112:25A.1.1-25A.1.30. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb25a01s112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andra R. Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Isam‐Eldin Eltoum
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Gene P. Siegal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | | | - Michael A. Tangrea
- Alvin & Lois Lapidus Cancer Institute, Sinai Hospital Baltimore Maryland
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Enrichment of single neurons and defined brain regions from human brain tissue samples for subsequent proteome analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:993-1005. [PMID: 26123835 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain function in normal aging and neurological diseases has long been a subject of interest. With current technology, it is possible to go beyond descriptive analyses to characterize brain cell populations at the molecular level. However, the brain comprises over 100 billion highly specialized cells, and it is a challenge to discriminate different cell groups for analyses. Isolating intact neurons is not feasible with traditional methods, such as tissue homogenization techniques. The advent of laser microdissection techniques promises to overcome previous limitations in the isolation of specific cells. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for isolating and analyzing neurons from postmortem human brain tissue samples. We describe a workflow for successfully freezing, sectioning and staining tissue for laser microdissection. This protocol was validated by mass spectrometric analysis. Isolated neurons can also be employed for western blotting or PCR. This protocol will enable further examinations of brain cell-specific molecular pathways and aid in elucidating distinct brain functions.
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9
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Boone DR, Micci MA, Taglialatela IG, Hellmich JL, Weisz HA, Bi M, Prough DS, DeWitt DS, Hellmich HL. Pathway-focused PCR array profiling of enriched populations of laser capture microdissected hippocampal cells after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127287. [PMID: 26016641 PMCID: PMC4446038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with irreversible neurodegeneration in brain regions such as the hippocampus. Comparative gene expression analysis of dying and surviving neurons could provide insight into potential therapeutic targets. We used two pathway-specific PCR arrays (RT2 Profiler Apoptosis and Neurotrophins & Receptors PCR arrays) to identify and validate TBI-induced gene expression in dying (Fluoro-Jade-positive) or surviving (Fluoro-Jade- negative) pyramidal neurons obtained by laser capture microdissection (LCM). In the Apoptosis PCR array, dying neurons showed significant increases in expression of genes associated with cell death, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress compared with adjacent, surviving neurons. Pro-survival genes with pleiotropic functions were also significantly increased in dying neurons compared to surviving neurons, suggesting that even irreversibly injured neurons are able to mount a protective response. In the Neurotrophins & Receptors PCR array, which consists of genes that are normally expected to be expressed in both groups of hippocampal neurons, only a few genes were expressed at significantly different levels between dying and surviving neurons. Immunohistochemical analysis of selected, differentially expressed proteins supported the gene expression data. This is the first demonstration of pathway-focused PCR array profiling of identified populations of dying and surviving neurons in the brain after TBI. Combining precise laser microdissection of identifiable cells with pathway-focused PCR array analysis is a practical, low-cost alternative to microarrays that provided insight into neuroprotective signals that could be therapeutically targeted to ameliorate TBI-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Boone
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Maria-Adelaide Micci
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Isabella G. Taglialatela
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Judy L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Harris A. Weisz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Min Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. DeWitt
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555–0830, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hipp JD, Cheng J, Hanson JC, Rosenberg AZ, Emmert-Buck MR, Tangrea MA, Balis UJ. SIVQ-LCM protocol for the ArcturusXT instrument. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25078867 DOI: 10.3791/51662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIVQ-LCM is a new methodology that automates and streamlines the more traditional, user-dependent laser dissection process. It aims to create an advanced, rapidly customizable laser dissection platform technology. In this report, we describe the integration of the image analysis software Spatially Invariant Vector Quantization (SIVQ) onto the ArcturusXT instrument. The ArcturusXT system contains both an infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) laser, allowing for specific cell or large area dissections. The principal goal is to improve the speed, accuracy, and reproducibility of the laser dissection to increase sample throughput. This novel approach facilitates microdissection of both animal and human tissues in research and clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hipp
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Jeffrey C Hanson
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Michael A Tangrea
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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Abstract
Advances in whole-genome and whole-transcriptome amplification have permitted the sequencing of the minute amounts of DNA and RNA present in a single cell, offering a window into the extent and nature of genomic and transcriptomic heterogeneity which occurs in both normal development and disease. Single-cell approaches stand poised to revolutionise our capacity to understand the scale of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic diversity that occurs during the lifetime of an individual organism. Here, we review the major technological and biological breakthroughs achieved, describe the remaining challenges to overcome, and provide a glimpse into the promise of recent and future developments.
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Yee JY, Limenta LMG, Rogers K, Rogers SM, Tay VSY, Lee EJD. Ensuring good quality RNA for quantitative real-time PCR isolated from renal proximal tubular cells using laser capture microdissection. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:62. [PMID: 24467986 PMCID: PMC3905289 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to provide gene expression profiles of different cell types, the primary step is to isolate the specific cells of interest via laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by extraction of good quality total RNA sufficient for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. This LCM-qPCR strategy has allowed numerous gene expression studies on specific cell populations, providing valuable insights into specific cellular changes in diseases. However, such strategy imposed challenges as cells of interests are often available in limited quantities and quality of RNA may be compromised during long periods of time spent on collection of cells and extraction of total RNA; therefore, it is crucial that protocols for sample preparation should be optimised according to different cell populations. Findings We made several modifications to existing protocols to improve the total RNA yield and integrity for downstream qPCR analyses. A modified condensed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining protocol was developed for the identification of rat renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs). It was then determined that a minimal of eight thousands renal PTCs were required to meet the minimal total RNA yield required for downstream qPCR. RNA integrity was assessed using at every progressive step of sample preparation. Therefore, we decided that the shortened H&E staining, together with microdissection should be performed consecutively within twenty minutes for good quality for gene expression analysis. These modified protocols were later applied on six individual rat samples. A panel of twenty rat renal drug transporters and five housekeeping genes showed Ct values below thirty-five, confirming the expression levels of these drug transporters can be detected. Conclusions We had successfully optimized the protocols to achieve sufficient good quality total RNA from microdissected rat renal PTCs for gene expression profiling via qPCR. This protocol may be suitable for researchers who are interested in employing similar applications for gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD11 10 Medical Drive #05-09, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Henley BM, Williams BA, Srinivasan R, Cohen BN, Xiao C, Mackey EDW, Wold BJ, Lester HA. Transcriptional regulation by nicotine in dopaminergic neurons. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1074-83. [PMID: 23939186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degenerate in Parkinson's disease. These neurons robustly express several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Smoking appears to be neuroprotective for Parkinson's disease but the mechanism is unknown. To determine whether chronic nicotine-induced changes in gene expression contribute to the neuroprotective effects of smoking, we develop methods to measure the effect of prolonged nicotine exposure on the SNc neuronal transcriptome in an unbiased manner. Twenty neurons were collected using laser-capture microscopy and transcriptional changes were assessed using RNA deep sequencing. These results are the first whole-transcriptome analyses of chronic nicotine treatment in SNc neurons. Overall, 129 genes were significantly regulated: 67 upregulated, 62 downregulated. Nicotine-induced relief of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been postulated as a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of smoking. Chronic nicotine did not significantly affect the expression of ER stress-related genes, nor of dopamine-related or nAChR genes, but it did modulate expression of 129 genes that could be relevant to the neuroprotective effects of smoking, including genes involved in (1) the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, (2) cell cycle regulation, (3) chromatin modification, and (4) DNA binding and RNA regulation. We also report preliminary transcriptome data for single-cell dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons isolated from midbrain cultures. These novel techniques will facilitate advances in understanding the mechanisms taking place at the cellular level and may have applications elsewhere in the fields of neuroscience and molecular biology. The results give an emerging picture of the role of nicotine on the SNc and on dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley M Henley
- California Institute of Technology, 156-29 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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