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De Vleeschauwer SI, van de Ven M, Oudin A, Debusschere K, Connor K, Byrne AT, Ram D, Rhebergen AM, Raeves YD, Dahlhoff M, Dangles-Marie V, Hermans ER. OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w. [PMID: 38992214 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and reporting (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE)) of animal experiments do not provide a clear and standardized approach for refinement during in vivo cancer studies, resulting in the publication of generic methodological sections that poorly reflect the attempts made at accurately monitoring different pathologies. Compliance with the 3Rs guidelines has mainly focused on reduction and replacement; however, refinement has been harder to implement. The Oncology Best-practices: Signs, Endpoints and Refinements for in Vivo Experiments (OBSERVE) guidelines are the result of a European initiative supported by EurOPDX and INFRAFRONTIER, and aim to facilitate the refinement of studies using in vivo cancer models by offering robust and practical recommendations on approaches to research scientists and animal care staff. We listed cancer-specific clinical signs as a reference point and from there developed sets of guidelines for a wide variety of rodent models, including genetically engineered models and patient derived xenografts. In this Consensus Statement, we systematically and comprehensively address refinement and monitoring approaches during the design and execution of murine cancer studies. We elaborate on the appropriate preparation of tumor-initiating biologicals and the refinement of tumor-implantation methods. We describe the clinical signs to monitor associated with tumor growth, the appropriate follow-up of animals tailored to varying clinical signs and humane endpoints, and an overview of severity assessment in relation to clinical signs, implantation method and tumor characteristics. The guidelines provide oncology researchers clear and robust guidance for the refinement of in vivo cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karlijn Debusschere
- Animal Core Facility VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Core ARTH Animal Facilities, Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Connor
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doreen Ram
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Els R Hermans
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Robertson N, Sempere L, Kenyon E, Mallet C, Smith K, Hix J, Halim A, Fan J, Moore A. Omniparticle Contrast Agent for Multimodal Imaging: Synthesis and Characterization in an Animal Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:401-412. [PMID: 36071300 PMCID: PMC9989039 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individual imaging modalities have certain advantages, but each suffers from drawbacks that other modalities may overcome. The goal of this study was to create a novel contrast agent suitable for various imaging modalities that after a single administration can bridge and strengthen the collaboration between the research fields as well as enrich the information obtained from any one modality. PROCEDURES The contrast agent platform is based on dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (for MRI and MPI) and synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method, followed by a series of conjugation steps with a fluorophore (for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging), thyroxine (for CT imaging), and chelators for radioisotope labeling (for PET imaging). The fully conjugated agent was then tested in vitro in cell uptake, viability, and phantom studies and in vivo in a model of intraductal injection and in a tumor model. RESULTS The agent was synthesized, characterized, and tested in vitro where it showed the ability to produce a signal on MRI/MPI/FL/PA/CT and PET images. Studies in cells showed the expected concentration-dependent uptake of the agent without noticeable toxicity. In vivo studies demonstrated localization of the agent to the ductal tree in mice after intraductal injection with different degrees of resolution, with CT being the best for this particular application. In a model of injected labeled tumor cells, the agent produced a signal with all modalities and showed persistence in tumor cells confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS A fully functional omniparticle contrast agent was synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo in two animal models. Results shown here point to the generation of a potent signal in all modalities tested without detrimental toxicity. Future use of this agent includes its exploration in various models of human disease including image-guided diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christiane Mallet
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kylie Smith
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alan Halim
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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3
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Kenyon E, Zaluzec EK, Powell K, Volk M, Chakravarty S, Hix J, Arora R, Westerhuis JJ, Kiupel M, Shapiro EM, Sempere LF. Intraductal Delivery and X-ray Visualization of Ethanol-Based Ablative Solution for Prevention and Local Treatment of Breast Cancer in Mouse Models. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63457. [PMID: 35435915 PMCID: PMC9613378 DOI: 10.3791/63457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death for women in the USA. For high-risk women, prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective primary prevention strategy. Prophylactic mastectomy is an aggressive surgical procedure that completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with the surrounding tissue. We seek to develop a minimally invasive intraductal procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy to locally ablate the mammary epithelial cells before they can become malignant. We and others have developed an intraductal delivery procedure to reach and treat these epithelial cells in rodent models of breast cancer. While the mouse mammary gland with a single non-anastomosed ductal tree opening at the nipple has a much less complex and tortuous architecture than the human breast, chemically induced and genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer are valuable to produce proof-of-concept studies of new preventative strategies. Here, we describe a procedure for intraductal delivery of an ethanol-based ablative solution containing micro-CT/X-ray tantalum-based contrast agent within the mouse mammary ductal tree for the therapeutic purpose of primary prevention of breast cancer. Intraductal delivery of aqueous reagents (e.g., cytotoxic compounds, siRNAs, AdCre) has been previously described in mouse models. Thus, we focus our protocol description on methodological modifications and unique experimental considerations for optimizing delivery of ethanol, for minimizing local and systemic side effects of ethanol administration, and for in vivo visualization of ductal tree filling via micro-CT/fluoroscopy imaging. Visualization of the ductal tree immediately after injection of a contrast-containing solution allows for confirmation of complete filling or unsuccessful outcomes such as underfilling or overfilling. This procedure can be applied for delivery and imaging of other ablative compounds aimed at either preventing tumor formation or locally treating early-stage tumors accessible via the ductal tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Erin K Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Katherine Powell
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Advanced Materials Characterization Laboratory/Materials Research Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering Advanced Molecular Imaging Facility, Michigan State University
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University
| | | | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering Advanced Molecular Imaging Facility, Michigan State University
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University;
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Mota M, Metge BJ, Hinshaw DC, Alsheikh HA, Chen D, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Merlin deficiency alters the redox management program in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:942-956. [PMID: 33410252 PMCID: PMC8024723 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Merlin tumor suppressor protein encoded by Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene is remarkably decreased in metastatic breast cancer tissues. In order to recapitulate clinical evidence, we generated a unique, conditional Nf2‐knockout (Nf2−/−) mouse mammary tumor model. Merlin‐deficient breast tumor cells and Nf2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed a robustly invasive phenotype. Moreover, Nf2−/− MEFs presented with notable alterations in redox management networks, implicating a role for Merlin in redox homeostasis. This programmatic alteration resonated with pathways that emerged from breast tumor cells engineered for Merlin deficiency. Further investigations revealed that NF2‐silenced cells supported reduced activity of the Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 antioxidant transcription factor, concomitant with elevated expression of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Importantly, mammary‐specific Nf2−/− in an Mouse mammary tumor virus Neu + murine breast cancer model demonstrated accelerated mammary carcinogenesis in vivo. Tumor‐derived primary organoids and cell lines were characteristically invasive with evidence of a dysregulated cellular redox management system. As such, Merlin deficiency programmatically influences redox imbalance that orchestrates malignant attributes of mammary/breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mota
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Heba A Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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Development and characterization of mammary intraductal (MIND) spontaneous metastasis models for triple-negative breast cancer in syngeneic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4681. [PMID: 32170125 PMCID: PMC7070052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a more aggressive phenotype and higher metastasis and recurrence rates than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC currently lacks a transplantation model that is suitable for clinical simulations of the tumor microenvironment. Intraductal injection of tumor cells into the mammary duct could mimic the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Herein, we injected 4T1 cells into the mammary ducts of BALB/C mice to build a preclinical model of TNBC and optimized the related construction method to observe the occurrence and spontaneous metastasis of tumors. We compared the effects of different cell numbers on tumorigenesis rates, times to tumorigenesis, and metastases to determine the optimal number of cells for modelling. We demonstrated that 4T1-MIND model mice injected with 20,000 cells revealed a suitable tumor formation rate and time, thus indicating a potential treatment time window after distant metastasis. We also injected 20,000 cells directly into the breast fat pad or breast duct for parallel comparison. The results still showed that the 4T1-MIND model provides sufficient treatment time for lung metastases in mice and that it is a more reliable model for early tumor development. The 4T1-MIND model requires continuous improvement and optimization. A suitable and optimized model for translational research and studies on the microenvironment in TNBC should be developed.
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Annunziato S, Lutz C, Henneman L, Bhin J, Wong K, Siteur B, van Gerwen B, de Korte‐Grimmerink R, Zafra MP, Schatoff EM, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Eijkman T, Mukherjee S, Boroviak K, Wessels LFA, van de Ven M, Huijbers IJ, Adams DJ, Dow LE, Jonkers J. In situ CRISPR-Cas9 base editing for the development of genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102169. [PMID: 31930530 PMCID: PMC7049816 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer have proven to be of great value for basic and translational research. Although CRISPR-based gene disruption offers a fast-track approach for perturbing gene function and circumvents certain limitations of standard GEMM development, it does not provide a flexible platform for recapitulating clinically relevant missense mutations in vivo. To this end, we generated knock-in mice with Cre-conditional expression of a cytidine base editor and tested their utility for precise somatic engineering of missense mutations in key cancer drivers. Upon intraductal delivery of sgRNA-encoding vectors, we could install point mutations with high efficiency in one or multiple endogenous genes in situ and assess the effect of defined allelic variants on mammary tumorigenesis. While the system also produces bystander insertions and deletions that can stochastically be selected for when targeting a tumor suppressor gene, we could effectively recapitulate oncogenic nonsense mutations. We successfully applied this system in a model of triple-negative breast cancer, providing the proof of concept for extending this flexible somatic base editing platform to other tissues and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Transgenic Core FacilityMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Molecular CarcinogenesisThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Wong
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention UnitMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention UnitMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte‐Grimmerink
- Preclinical Intervention UnitMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Emma M Schatoff
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri‐I MD‐PhD ProgramNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Timo Eijkman
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Lodewyk FA Wessels
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Molecular CarcinogenesisThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention UnitMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core FacilityMouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA)The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas E Dow
- Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of BiochemistrySandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics NetherlandsThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Schipper K, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Cornelissen S, Klarenbeek S, Nethe M, Jonkers J. Truncated ASPP2 Drives Initiation and Progression of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma via Distinct Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1486-1497. [PMID: 32060147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 8%-14% of all breast cancer cases. The main hallmark of ILCs is the functional loss of the cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. Nonetheless, loss of E-cadherin alone does not predispose mice to mammary tumor development, indicating that additional perturbations are required for ILC formation. Previously, we identified an N-terminal truncation variant of ASPP2 (t-ASPP2) as a driver of ILC in mice with mammary-specific loss of E-cadherin. Here we showed that expression of t-ASPP2 induced actomyosin relaxation, enabling adhesion and survival of E-cadherin-deficient murine mammary epithelial cells on stiff matrices like fibrillar collagen. The induction of actomyosin relaxation by t-ASPP2 was dependent on its interaction with protein phosphatase 1, but not on t-ASPP2-induced YAP activation. Truncated ASPP2 collaborated with both E-cadherin loss and PI3K pathway activation via PTEN loss in ILC development. t-ASPP2-induced actomyosin relaxation was required for ILC initiation, but not progression. Conversely, YAP activation induced by t-ASPP2 contributed to tumor growth and progression while being dispensable for tumor initiation. Together, these findings highlight two distinct mechanisms through which t-ASPP2 promotes ILC initiation and progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Truncated ASPP2 cooperates with E-cadherin and PTEN loss to drive breast cancer initiation and progression via two distinct mechanisms. ASPP2-induced actomyosin relaxation drives tumor initiation, while ASPP2-mediated YAP activation enhances tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Schipper
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha Nethe
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kenyon E, Westerhuis JJ, Volk M, Hix J, Chakravarty S, Claucherty E, Zaluzec E, Ramsey L, Madaj Z, Hostetter G, Eagleson B, Shapiro E, Moore A, Sempere LF. Ductal tree ablation by local delivery of ethanol prevents tumor formation in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:129. [PMID: 31779648 PMCID: PMC6883550 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective intervention to prevent breast cancer. However, this major surgery has life-changing consequences at the physical, emotional, psychological, and social levels. Therefore, only high-risk individuals consider this aggressive procedure, which completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with surrounding tissue. Here, we seek to develop a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy by intraductal (ID) delivery of a cell-killing solution that locally ablates the mammary epithelial cells before they become malignant. Methods After ID injection of a 70% ethanol-containing solution in FVB/NJ female animals, ex vivo dual stained whole-mount tissue analysis and in vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging were used to visualize ductal tree filling, and histological and multiplex immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize ablative effects and quantitate the number of intact epithelial cells and stroma. After ID injection of 70% ethanol or other solutions in cancer-prone FVB-Tg-C3(1)-TAg female animals, mammary glands were palpated weekly to establish tumor latency and examined after necropsy to record tumor incidence. Statistical difference in median tumor latency and tumor incidence between experimental groups was analyzed by log-rank test and logistic mixed-effects model, respectively. Results We report that ID injection of 70% ethanol effectively ablates the mammary epithelia with limited collateral damage to surrounding stroma and vasculature in the murine ductal tree. ID injection of 70% ethanol into the mammary glands of the C3(1)-TAg multifocal breast cancer model significantly delayed tumor formation (median latency of 150 days in the untreated control group [n = 25] vs. 217 days in the ethanol-treated group [n = 13], p value < 0.0001) and reduced tumor incidence (34% of glands with tumors [85 of 250] in the untreated control group vs. 7.3% of glands with tumor [7 of 95] in the ethanol-treated group, risk ratio = 4.76 [95% CI 1.89 to 11.97, p value < 0.0001]). Conclusions This preclinical study demonstrates the feasibility of local ductal tree ablation as a novel strategy for primary prevention of breast cancer. Given the existing clinical uses of ethanol, ethanol-based ablation protocols could be readily implemented in first-in-human clinical trials for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ethan Claucherty
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Erin Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lisa Ramsey
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Bryn Eagleson
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Erik Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Deng Q, Hu H, Yu X, Liu S, Wang L, Chen W, Zhang C, Zeng Z, Cao Y, Xu-Monette ZY, Li L, Zhang M, Rosenfeld S, Bao S, Hsi E, Young KH, Lu Z, Li Y. Tissue-specific microRNA expression alters cancer susceptibility conferred by a TP53 noncoding variant. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5061. [PMID: 31699989 PMCID: PMC6838078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A noncoding polymorphism (rs78378222) in TP53, carried by scores of millions of people, was previously associated with moderate risk of brain tumors and other neoplasms. We find a positive association between this variant and soft tissue sarcoma. In sharp contrast, it is protective against breast cancer. We generated a mouse line carrying this variant and found that it accelerates spontaneous tumorigenesis and glioma development, but strikingly, delays mammary tumorigenesis. The variant creates a miR-382-5p targeting site and compromises a miR-325-3p site. Their differential expression results in p53 downregulation in the brain, but p53 upregulation in the mammary gland of polymorphic mice compared to that of wild-type littermates. Thus, this variant is at odds with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome mutants in breast cancer predisposition yet consistent in glioma predisposition. Our findings elucidate an underlying mechanism of cancer susceptibility that is conferred by genetic variation and yet altered by microRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shuanglin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital; Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Steven Rosenfeld
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric Hsi
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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10
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Carvalho VFM, Salata GC, de Matos JKR, Costa-Fernandez S, Chorilli M, Steiner AA, de Araujo GLB, Silveira ER, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB. Optimization of composition and obtainment parameters of biocompatible nanoemulsions intended for intraductal administration of piplartine (piperlongumine) and mammary tissue targeting. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118460. [PMID: 31247278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a new strategy for treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ, biocompatible and bioadhesive nanoemulsions for intraductal administration of the cytotoxic agent piplartine (piperlongumine) were optimized in this study. To confer bioadhesive properties, the nanoemulsion was modified with chitosan or hyaluronic acid. Tricaprylin was selected as the nanoemulsion non-polar phase due to its ability to dissolve larger drug amounts compared to isopropyl myristate and monocaprylin. Use of phosphatidylcholine as sole surfactant did not result in a homogeneous nanoemulsion, while its association with polysorbate 80 and glycerol (in a surfactant blend) led to the formation of nanoemulsions with droplet size of 76.5 ± 1.2 nm. Heating the aqueous phase to 50 °C enabled sonication time reduction from 20 to 10 min. Inclusion of either chitosan or hyaluronic acid resulted in nanoemulsions with similar in vitro bioadhesive potential, and comparable ability to prolong mammary tissue retention (to 120 h) in vivo without causing undesirable histological alterations. Piplartine was stable in both nanoemulsions for 60 days; however, the size of loaded NE-HA was maintained at a similar range for longer periods of time, suggesting that this nanoemulsion may be a stronger candidate for intraductal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F M Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Salata
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jenyffer K R de Matos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Costa-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Annunziato S, de Ruiter JR, Henneman L, Brambillasca CS, Lutz C, Vaillant F, Ferrante F, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Siteur B, van Gerwen B, de Bruijn R, van Miltenburg MH, Huijbers IJ, van de Ven M, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Comparative oncogenomics identifies combinations of driver genes and drug targets in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30674894 PMCID: PMC6344487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-mutated breast cancer is primarily driven by DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) containing large numbers of candidate driver genes. Validation of these candidates requires novel approaches for high-throughput in vivo perturbation of gene function. Here we develop genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer that permit rapid introduction of putative drivers by either retargeting of GEMM-derived embryonic stem cells, lentivirus-mediated somatic overexpression or in situ CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. We use these approaches to validate Myc, Met, Pten and Rb1 as bona fide drivers in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis. Iterative mouse modeling and comparative oncogenomics analysis show that MYC-overexpression strongly reshapes the CNA landscape of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and identify MCL1 as a collaborating driver in these tumors. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition potentiates the in vivo efficacy of PARP inhibition (PARPi), underscoring the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of BRCA1-mutated cancer patients with poor response to PARPi monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara S Brambillasca
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Vaillant
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane E Visvader
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Zwick RK, Rudolph MC, Shook BA, Holtrup B, Roth E, Lei V, Van Keymeulen A, Seewaldt V, Kwei S, Wysolmerski J, Rodeheffer MS, Horsley V. Adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid dynamics underlie mammary gland remodeling after lactation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3592. [PMID: 30181538 PMCID: PMC6123393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes undergo pronounced changes in size and behavior to support diverse tissue functions, but the mechanisms that control these changes are not well understood. Mammary gland-associated white adipose tissue (mgWAT) regresses in support of milk fat production during lactation and expands during the subsequent involution of milk-producing epithelial cells, providing one of the most marked physiological examples of adipose growth. We examined cellular mechanisms and functional implications of adipocyte and lipid dynamics in the mouse mammary gland (MG). Using in vivo analysis of adipocyte precursors and genetic tracing of mature adipocytes, we find mature adipocyte hypertrophy to be a primary mechanism of mgWAT expansion during involution. Lipid tracking and lipidomics demonstrate that adipocytes fill with epithelial-derived milk lipid. Furthermore, ablation of mgWAT during involution reveals an essential role for adipocytes in milk trafficking from, and proper restructuring of, the mammary epithelium. This work advances our understanding of MG remodeling and tissue-specific roles for adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Mail Stop F-8305; RC1 North, 12800 E. 19th Avenue P18-5107, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brett A Shook
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Eve Roth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Vivian Lei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alexandra Van Keymeulen
- WELBIO, Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, route de Lennik, BatC, C6-130, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences and Bekman Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephanie Kwei
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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13
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Migotto A, Carvalho VFM, Salata GC, da Silva FWM, Yan CYI, Ishida K, Costa-Lotufo LV, Steiner AA, Lopes LB. Multifunctional nanoemulsions for intraductal delivery as a new platform for local treatment of breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:654-667. [PMID: 29495885 PMCID: PMC7011997 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1440665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that breast cancer usually begins in the lining of the ducts, local drug administration into the ducts could target cancers and pre-tumor lesions locally while reducing systemic adverse effects. In this study, a cationic bioadhesive nanoemulsion was developed for intraductal administration of C6 ceramide, a sphingolipid that mediates apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. Bioadhesive properties were obtained by surface modification with chitosan. The optimized nanoemulsion displayed size of 46.3 nm and positive charge, properties that were not affected by ceramide encapsulation (0.4%, w/w). C6 ceramide concentration necessary to reduce MCF-7 cells viability to 50% (EC50) decreased by 4.5-fold with its nanoencapsulation compared to its solution; a further decrease (2.6-fold) was observed when tributyrin (a pro-drug of butyric acid) was part of the oil phase of the nanocarrier, a phenomenon attributed to synergism. The unloaded nanocarrier was considered safe, as indicated by a score <0.1 in HET-CAM models, by the high survival rates of Galleria mellonella larvae exposed to concentrations ≤500 mg/mL, and absence of histological changes when intraductally administered in rats. Intraductal administration of the nanoemulsion prolonged drug localization for more than 120 h in the mammary tissue compared to its solution. These results support the advantage of the optimized nanoemulsion to enable mammary tissue localization of C6 ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Migotto
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vanessa F M Carvalho
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovanna C Salata
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda W M da Silva
- b Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Chao Yun Irene Yan
- c Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- b Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- d Department of Immunology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana B Lopes
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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14
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A combinatorial approach for robust transgene delivery and targeted expression in mammary gland for generating biotherapeutics in milk, bypassing germline gene integration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6221-6234. [PMID: 29855689 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression in the milk of transgenic farmed animals offers a cost-effective system for producing therapeutics. However, transgenesis in farmed animals is not only cumbersome but also involves risk of potential hazard by germline gene integration, due to interruptions caused by the transgene in the native genome. Avoiding germline gene integration, we have delivered buffalo β-casein promoter-driven transgene construct entrapped in virosomes directly in the milk gland through intraductal perfusion delivery. Virosomes were generated from purified Sendai viral membrane, containing hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion factor (F) proteins on surface (HNF-Virosomes) which initiate membrane fusion, devoid of any viral nucleic acids. Intraductal delivery of HNF-Virosomes predominantly transfected luminal epithelial cells lining the milk duct and buffalo β-casein promoter of the construct ensured mammary luminal epithelial cell specific expression of the transgene. Mammary epithelial cells expressed EGFP at lactation when egfp was used as a transgene. Similarly, human interferon-γ (hIFN-γ) was expressed in the mammary gland as well as in the milk when hIFN-γ was used as a transgene. This combinatorial approach of using Sendai viral membrane-derived virosomes for entrapment and delivery of the transgene and using buffalo β-casein promoter for mammary gland specific gene expression provided a better option for generating therapeutic proteins in milk, bypassing germline gene integration avoiding risks associated with animal bioreactor generated through germline gene integration.
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15
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Zhu Q, Hoong N, Aslanian A, Hara T, Benner C, Heinz S, Miga KH, Ke E, Verma S, Soroczynski J, Yates JR, Hunter T, Verma IM. Heterochromatin-Encoded Satellite RNAs Induce Breast Cancer. Mol Cell 2018; 70:842-853.e7. [PMID: 29861157 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatic repetitive satellite RNAs are extensively transcribed in a variety of human cancers, including BRCA1 mutant breast cancer. Aberrant expression of satellite RNAs in cultured cells induces the DNA damage response, activates cell cycle checkpoints, and causes defects in chromosome segregation. However, the mechanism by which satellite RNA expression leads to genomic instability is not well understood. Here we provide evidence that increased levels of satellite RNAs in mammary glands induce tumor formation in mice. Using mass spectrometry, we further show that genomic instability induced by satellite RNAs occurs through interactions with BRCA1-associated protein networks required for the stabilization of DNA replication forks. Additionally, de-stabilized replication forks likely promote the formation of RNA-DNA hybrids in cells expressing satellite RNAs. These studies lay the foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies that block the effects of non-coding satellite RNAs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nien Hoong
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Toshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen H Miga
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eugene Ke
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sachin Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jan Soroczynski
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Inder M Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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Thompson C, Keck K, Hielscher A. Isolation of Intact, Whole Mouse Mammary Glands for Analysis of Extracellular Matrix Expression and Gland Morphology. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155742 DOI: 10.3791/56512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this procedure was to harvest the #4 abdominal mammary glands from female nulliparous mice in order to assess ECM expression and ductal architecture. Here, a small pocket below the skin was created using Mayo scissors, allowing separation of the glands within the subcutaneous tissue from the underlying peritoneum. Visualization of the glands was aided by the use of 3.5x-R surgical micro loupes. The pelt was inverted and pinned back allowing identification of the intact mammary fat pads. Each of the #4 abdominal glands was bluntly dissected by sliding the scalpel blade laterally between the subcutaneous layer and the glands. Immediately post-harvest, glands were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for subsequent tissue processing. Excision of the entire gland is advantageous because it primarily eliminates the risk of excluding important tissue-wide interactions between ductal epithelial cells and other microenvironmental cellular populations that could be missed in a partial biopsy. One drawback of the methodology is the use of serial sections from fixed tissues which limits analyses of ductal morphogenesis and protein expression to discrete locations within the gland. As such, changes in ductal architecture and protein expression in 3 dimensions (3D) is not readily obtainable. Overall, the technique is applicable to studies requiring whole intact murine mammary glands for downstream investigations such as developmental ductal morphogenesis or breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
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17
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Insertional mutagenesis identifies drivers of a novel oncogenic pathway in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Nat Genet 2017. [PMID: 28650484 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common breast cancer subtype and accounts for 8-14% of all cases. Although the majority of human ILCs are characterized by the functional loss of E-cadherin (encoded by CDH1), inactivation of Cdh1 does not predispose mice to develop mammary tumors, implying that mutations in additional genes are required for ILC formation in mice. To identify these genes, we performed an insertional mutagenesis screen using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system in mice with mammary-specific inactivation of Cdh1. These mice developed multiple independent mammary tumors of which the majority resembled human ILC in terms of morphology and gene expression. Recurrent and mutually exclusive transposon insertions were identified in Myh9, Ppp1r12a, Ppp1r12b and Trp53bp2, whose products have been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Notably, MYH9, PPP1R12B and TP53BP2 were also frequently aberrated in human ILC, highlighting these genes as drivers of a novel oncogenic pathway underlying ILC development.
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18
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Annunziato S, Kas SM, Nethe M, Yücel H, Del Bravo J, Pritchard C, Bin Ali R, van Gerwen B, Siteur B, Drenth AP, Schut E, van de Ven M, Boelens MC, Klarenbeek S, Huijbers IJ, van Miltenburg MH, Jonkers J. Modeling invasive lobular breast carcinoma by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic genome editing of the mammary gland. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1470-80. [PMID: 27340177 PMCID: PMC4926868 DOI: 10.1101/gad.279190.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Annunziato et al. describe a novel strategy for in vivo validation of candidate tumor suppressors implicated in invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC). Whereas intraductal injection of Cas9-encoding lentiviruses induced Cas9-specific immune responses and development of tumors that did not resemble ILC, lentiviral delivery of a Pten targeting sgRNA in mice with mammary gland-specific loss of E-cadherin and expression of Cas9 efficiently induced ILC development. Large-scale sequencing studies are rapidly identifying putative oncogenic mutations in human tumors. However, discrimination between passenger and driver events in tumorigenesis remains challenging and requires in vivo validation studies in reliable animal models of human cancer. In this study, we describe a novel strategy for in vivo validation of candidate tumor suppressors implicated in invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), which is hallmarked by loss of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. We describe an approach to model ILC by intraductal injection of lentiviral vectors encoding Cre recombinase, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, or both in female mice carrying conditional alleles of the Cdh1 gene, encoding for E-cadherin. Using this approach, we were able to target ILC-initiating cells and induce specific gene disruption of Pten by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing. Whereas intraductal injection of Cas9-encoding lentiviruses induced Cas9-specific immune responses and development of tumors that did not resemble ILC, lentiviral delivery of a Pten targeting single-guide RNA (sgRNA) in mice with mammary gland-specific loss of E-cadherin and expression of Cas9 efficiently induced ILC development. This versatile platform can be used for rapid in vivo testing of putative tumor suppressor genes implicated in ILC, providing new opportunities for modeling invasive lobular breast carcinoma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micha Nethe
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hatice Yücel
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Del Bravo
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rahmen Bin Ali
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C Boelens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Markiewicz E, Fan X, Mustafi D, Zamora M, Conzen SD, Karczmar GS. MRI ductography of contrast agent distribution and leakage in normal mouse mammary ducts and ducts with in situ cancer. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 40:48-52. [PMID: 28366759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High resolution 3D MRI was used to study contrast agent distribution and leakage in normal mouse mammary glands and glands containing in situ cancer after intra-ductal injection. Five female FVB/N mice (~19weeks old) with no detectable mammary cancer and eight C3(1) SV40 Tag virgin female mice (~15weeks old) with extensive in situ cancer were studied. A 34G, 45° tip Hamilton needle with a 25μL Hamilton syringe was inserted into the tip of the nipple and approximately 15μL of a Gadodiamide was injected slowly over 1min into the nipple and throughout the duct on one side of the inguinal gland. Following injection, the mouse was placed in a 9.4T MRI scanner, and a series of high resolution 3D T1-weighted images was acquired with a temporal resolution of 9.1min to follow contrast agent leakage from the ducts. The first image was acquired at about 12min after injection. Ductal enhancement regions detected in images acquired between 12 and 21min after contrast agent injection was five times smaller in SV40 mouse mammary ducts (p<0.001) than in non-cancerous FVB/N mouse mammary ducts, perhaps due to rapid washout of contrast agent from the SV40 ducts. The contrast agent washout rate measured between 12min and 90min after injection was ~20% faster (p<0.004) in SV40 mammary ducts than in FVB/N mammary ducts. These results may be due to higher permeability of the SV40 ducts, likely due to the presence of in situ cancers. Therefore, increased permeability of ducts may indicate early stage breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Markiewicz
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marta Zamora
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Abstract
Localized intraductal treatments for breast cancer offer potential advantages, including efficient delivery to the tumor and reduced systemic toxicity and adverse effects1,2,3,4,5,6,7. However, several challenges remain before these treatments can be applied more widely. The development and validation of intraductal therapeutics in an appropriate animal model facilitate the development of intraductal therapeutic strategies for patients. While the mouse mammary gland has been widely used as a model system of mammary development and tumorigenesis, the anatomy is distinct from the human gland. A larger animal model, such as the rabbit, may serve as a better model for mammary gland structure and intraductal therapeutic development. In contrast to mice, in which ten ductal trees are spatially distributed along the body axis, each terminating in a separate teat, the rabbit mammary gland more closely resembles the human gland, with multiple overlapping ductal systems that exit through separate openings in one teat. Here, we present minimally invasive methods for the delivery of reagents directly into the rabbit mammary duct and for visualization of the delivery itself with high-resolution ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Nora K Bird
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTMB Health at Galveston
| | - Amy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin;
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21
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Methods to study primary tumor cells and residual tumor cells in mouse models of oncogene dependence. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25636480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2297-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The studies of oncogene dependence are aimed to understand an unfortunate and puzzling aspect of targeted anticancer treatments-their progression to drug resistance. Drug resistance develops from a pool of cells that survive the original treatment, called minimal residual disease. Mouse models based on tetracycline-dependent expression of transgenic oncogenes are used to imitate targeted oncogene blockade and to reproduce minimal residual disease in humans. Here we describe a novel method for generating oncogene-dependent mammary tumors using somatic transfer of transactivator-containing retroviruses into transgenic mice with tetracycline-dependent oncogenes and a method for measuring continuous mitotic activity in epithelial cells in real time.
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22
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Markiewicz E, Fan X, Mustafi D, Zamora M, Roman BB, Jansen SA, Macleod K, Conzen SD, Karczmar GS. High resolution 3D MRI of mouse mammary glands with intra-ductal injection of contrast media. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 33:161-5. [PMID: 25179139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use high resolution three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study mouse mammary gland ductal architecture based on intra-ductal injection of contrast agents. Female FVB/N mice age 12-20 weeks (n=12), were used in this study. A 34G, 45° tip Hamilton needle with a 25μL Hamilton syringe was inserted into the tip of the nipple. Approximately 20-25μL of a Gadodiamide/Trypan blue/saline solution was injected slowly over one minute into the nipple and duct. To prevent washout of contrast media from ducts due to perfusion, and maximize the conspicuity of ducts on MRI, mice were sacrificed one minute after injection. High resolution 3D T1-weighted images were acquired on a 9.4T Bruker scanner after sacrifice to eliminate motion artifacts and reduce contrast media leakage from ducts. Trypan blue staining was well distributed throughout the ductal tree. MRI showed the mammary gland ductal structure clearly. In spoiled gradient echo T1-weighted images, the signal-to-noise ratio of regions identified as enhancing mammary ducts following contrast injection was significantly higher than that of muscle (p<0.02) and significantly higher than that of contralateral mammary ducts that were not injected with contrast media (p<0.0001). The methods described here could be adapted for injection of specialized contrast agents to measure metabolism or target receptors in normal ducts and ducts with in situ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Markiewicz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marta Zamora
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian B Roman
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanaz A Jansen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kay Macleod
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Brock A, Krause S, Li H, Kowalski M, Goldberg MS, Collins JJ, Ingber DE. Silencing HoxA1 by intraductal injection of siRNA lipidoid nanoparticles prevents mammary tumor progression in mice. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:217ra2. [PMID: 24382894 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With advances in screening, the incidence of detection of premalignant breast lesions has increased in recent decades; however, treatment options remain limited to surveillance or surgical removal by lumpectomy or mastectomy. We hypothesized that disease progression could be blocked by RNA interference (RNAi) therapy and set out to develop a targeted therapeutic delivery strategy. Using computational gene network modeling, we identified HoxA1 as a putative driver of early mammary cancer progression in transgenic C3(1)-SV40TAg mice. Silencing this gene in cultured mouse or human mammary tumor spheroids resulted in increased acinar lumen formation, reduced tumor cell proliferation, and restoration of normal epithelial polarization. When the HoxA1 gene was silenced in vivo via intraductal delivery of nanoparticle-formulated small interfering RNA (siRNA) through the nipple of transgenic mice with early-stage disease, mammary epithelial cell proliferation rates were suppressed, loss of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression was prevented, and tumor incidence was reduced by 75%. This approach that leverages new advances in systems biology and nanotechnology offers a novel noninvasive strategy to block breast cancer progression through targeted silencing of critical genes directly within the mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Brock
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Chao CH, Chang CC, Wu MJ, Ko HW, Wang D, Hung MC, Yang JY, Chang CJ. MicroRNA-205 signaling regulates mammary stem cell fate and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3093-106. [PMID: 24911147 DOI: 10.1172/jci73351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of epigenetic controls is associated with tumorigenesis in response to microenvironmental stimuli; however, the regulatory pathways involved in epigenetic dysfunction are largely unclear. We have determined that a critical epigenetic regulator, microRNA-205 (miR-205), is repressed by the ligand jagged1, which is secreted from the tumor stroma to promote a cancer-associated stem cell phenotype. Knockdown of miR-205 in mammary epithelial cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), disrupted epithelial cell polarity, and enhanced symmetric division to expand the stem cell population. Furthermore, miR-205-deficient mice spontaneously developed mammary lesions, while activation of miR-205 markedly diminished breast cancer stemness. These data provide evidence that links tumor microenvironment and microRNA-dependent regulation to disruption of epithelial polarity and aberrant mammary stem cell division, which in turn leads to an expansion of stem cell population and tumorigenesis. This study elucidates an important role for miR-205 in the regulation of mammary stem cell fate, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for limiting breast cancer genesis.
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