1
|
Morgaenko K, Arneja A, Ball AG, Putelo AM, Munson JM, Rutkowski MR, Pompano RR. Ex vivo model of breast cancer cell invasion in live lymph node tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.601753. [PMID: 39091774 PMCID: PMC11291011 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.601753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are common sites of metastatic invasion in breast cancer, often preceding spread to distant organs and serving as key indicators of clinical disease progression. However, the mechanisms of cancer cell invasion into LNs are not well understood. Existing in vivo models struggle to isolate the specific impacts of the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) milieu on cancer cell invasion due to the co-evolving relationship between TDLNs and the upstream tumor. To address these limitations, we used live ex vivo LN tissue slices with intact chemotactic function to model cancer cell spread within a spatially organized microenvironment. After showing that BRPKp110 breast cancer cells were chemoattracted to factors secreted by naïve LN tissue in a 3D migration assay, we demonstrated that ex vivo LN slices could support cancer cell seeding, invasion, and spread. This novel approach revealed dynamic, preferential cancer cell invasion within specific anatomical regions of LNs, particularly the subcapsular sinus (SCS) and cortex, as well as chemokine-rich domains of immobilized CXCL13 and CCL1. While CXCR5 was necessary for a portion of BRPKp110 invasion into naïve LNs, disruption of CXCR5/CXCL13 signaling alone was insufficient to prevent invasion towards CXCL13-rich domains. Finally, we extended this system to pre-metastatic TDLNs, where the ex vivo model predicted a lower invasion of cancer cells. The reduced invasion was not due to diminished chemokine secretion, but it correlated with elevated intranodal IL-21. In summary, this innovative ex vivo model of cancer cell spread in live LN slices provides a platform to investigate cancer invasion within the intricate tissue microenvironment, supporting time-course analysis and parallel read-outs. We anticipate that this system will enable further research into cancer-immune interactions and allow isolation of specific factors that make TDLNs resistant to cancer cell invasion, which are challenging to dissect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Morgaenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abhinav Arneja
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander G Ball
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Audrey M Putelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kenyon E, Zaluzec E, Powell K, Volk M, Chakravarty S, Hix J, Kiupel M, Shapiro EM, Sempere LF. X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models. JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS : JOVE 2022:10.3791/64042. [PMID: 36571406 PMCID: PMC9876732 DOI: 10.3791/64042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are still a limited number of primary interventions for prevention of breast cancer. For women at a high risk of developing breast cancer, the most effective intervention is prophylactic mastectomy. This is a drastic surgical procedure in which the mammary epithelial cells that can give rise to breast cancer are completely removed along with the surrounding tissue. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the feasibility of a minimally invasive intraductal procedure that could become a new primary intervention for breast cancer prevention. This local procedure would preferentially ablate mammary epithelial cells before they can become malignant. Intraductal methods to deliver solutions directly to these epithelial cells in rodent models of breast cancer have been developed at Michigan State University and elsewhere. The rat mammary gland consists of a single ductal tree that has a simpler and more linear architecture compared to the human breast. However, chemically induced rat models of breast cancer offer valuable tools for proof-of-concept studies of new preventive interventions and scalability from mouse models to humans. Here, a procedure for intraductal delivery of an ethanol-based ablative solution containing tantalum oxide nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agent and ethyl cellulose as gelling agent into the rat mammary ductal tree is described. Delivery of aqueous reagents (e.g., cytotoxic compounds, siRNAs, AdCre) by intraductal injection has been described previously in mouse and rat models. This protocol description emphasizes methodological changes and steps that pertain uniquely to delivering an ablative solution, formulation consideration to minimize local and systemic side effects of the ablative solution, and X-ray imaging for in vivo assessment of ductal tree filling. Fluoroscopy and micro-CT techniques enable to determine the success of ablative solution delivery and the extent of ductal tree filling thanks to compatibility with the tantalum-containing contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erin Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Powell
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,TechInsights Inc., Suite 500, 1891 Robertson Road, Nepean, Ontario, Canada K2H 5B7
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,IQ Advanced Molecular Imaging Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erik M. Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morrissey RL, Thompson AM, Lozano G. Is loss of p53 a driver of ductal carcinoma in situ progression? Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1744-1754. [PMID: 35764786 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive carcinoma. Multiple studies have shown that DCIS lesions typically possess a driver mutation associated with cancer development. Mutation in the TP53 tumour suppressor gene is present in 15-30% of pure DCIS lesions and in ~30% of invasive breast cancers. Mutations in TP53 are significantly associated with high-grade DCIS, the most likely form of DCIS to progress to invasive carcinoma. In this review, we summarise published evidence on the prevalence of mutant TP53 in DCIS (including all DCIS subtypes), discuss the availability of mouse models for the study of DCIS and highlight the need for functional studies of the role of TP53 in the development of DCIS and progression from DCIS to invasive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Morrissey
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harris AR, Esparza S, Azimi MS, Cornelison R, Azar FN, Llaneza DC, Belanger M, Mathew A, Tkachenko S, Perez MJ, Rosean CB, Bostic RR, Cornelison RC, Tate KM, Peirce-Cottler SM, Paquette C, Mills A, Landen CN, Saucerman J, Dillon PM, Pompano RR, Rutkowski MA, Munson JM. Platinum Chemotherapy Induces Lymphangiogenesis in Cancerous and Healthy Tissues That Can be Prevented With Adjuvant Anti-VEGFR3 Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:801764. [PMID: 35372032 PMCID: PMC8970967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.801764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been used to inhibit cancer growth for decades, but emerging evidence shows it can affect the tumor stroma, unintentionally promoting cancer malignancy. After treatment of primary tumors, remaining drugs drain via lymphatics. Though all drugs interact with the lymphatics, we know little of their impact on them. Here, we show a previously unknown effect of platinums, a widely used class of chemotherapeutics, to directly induce systemic lymphangiogenesis and activation. These changes are dose-dependent, long-lasting, and occur in healthy and cancerous tissue in multiple mouse models of breast cancer. We found similar effects in human ovarian and breast cancer patients whose treatment regimens included platinums. Carboplatin treatment of healthy mice prior to mammary tumor inoculation increased cancer metastasis as compared to no pre-treatment. These platinum-induced phenomena could be blocked by VEGFR3 inhibition. These findings have implications for cancer patients receiving platinums and may support the inclusion of anti-VEGFR3 therapy into treatment regimens or differential design of treatment regimens to alter these potential effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Savieay Esparza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad S Azimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Robert Cornelison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Francesca N Azar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Danielle C Llaneza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Maura Belanger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Matthew J Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Claire Buchta Rosean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Raegan R Bostic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kinsley M Tate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Shayn M Peirce-Cottler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cherie Paquette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anne Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Charles N Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jeff Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Patrick M Dillon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melanie A Rutkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kenyon E, Zaluzec EK, Powell K, Volk M, Chakravarty S, Hix J, Arora R, Westerhuis JJ, Kiupel M, Shapiro EM, Sempere LF. Intraductal Delivery and X-ray Visualization of Ethanol-Based Ablative Solution for Prevention and Local Treatment of Breast Cancer in Mouse Models. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63457. [PMID: 35435915 PMCID: PMC9613378 DOI: 10.3791/63457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death for women in the USA. For high-risk women, prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective primary prevention strategy. Prophylactic mastectomy is an aggressive surgical procedure that completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with the surrounding tissue. We seek to develop a minimally invasive intraductal procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy to locally ablate the mammary epithelial cells before they can become malignant. We and others have developed an intraductal delivery procedure to reach and treat these epithelial cells in rodent models of breast cancer. While the mouse mammary gland with a single non-anastomosed ductal tree opening at the nipple has a much less complex and tortuous architecture than the human breast, chemically induced and genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer are valuable to produce proof-of-concept studies of new preventative strategies. Here, we describe a procedure for intraductal delivery of an ethanol-based ablative solution containing micro-CT/X-ray tantalum-based contrast agent within the mouse mammary ductal tree for the therapeutic purpose of primary prevention of breast cancer. Intraductal delivery of aqueous reagents (e.g., cytotoxic compounds, siRNAs, AdCre) has been previously described in mouse models. Thus, we focus our protocol description on methodological modifications and unique experimental considerations for optimizing delivery of ethanol, for minimizing local and systemic side effects of ethanol administration, and for in vivo visualization of ductal tree filling via micro-CT/fluoroscopy imaging. Visualization of the ductal tree immediately after injection of a contrast-containing solution allows for confirmation of complete filling or unsuccessful outcomes such as underfilling or overfilling. This procedure can be applied for delivery and imaging of other ablative compounds aimed at either preventing tumor formation or locally treating early-stage tumors accessible via the ductal tree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Erin K Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Katherine Powell
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Advanced Materials Characterization Laboratory/Materials Research Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering Advanced Molecular Imaging Facility, Michigan State University
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University
| | | | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University; Institute for Quantitative (IQ) Health Science and Engineering Advanced Molecular Imaging Facility, Michigan State University
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang W, Liu Y, Luz A, Berrong M, Meyer JN, Zou Y, Swann E, Sundaramoorthy P, Kang Y, Jauhari S, Lento W, Chao N, Racioppi L. Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 Regulates the Expansion of Tumor-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754083. [PMID: 34712241 PMCID: PMC8546266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a hetero geneous group of cells, which can suppress the immune response, promote tumor progression and impair the efficacy of immunotherapies. Consequently, the pharmacological targeting of MDSC is emerging as a new immunotherapeutic strategy to stimulate the natural anti-tumor immune response and potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. Herein, we leveraged genetically modified models and a small molecule inhibitor to validate Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase Kinase 2 (CaMKK2) as a druggable target to control MDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing mice. The results indicated that deletion of CaMKK2 in the host attenuated the growth of engrafted tumor cells, and this phenomenon was associated with increased antitumor T cell response and decreased accumulation of MDSC. The adoptive transfer of MDSC was sufficient to restore the ability of the tumor to grow in Camkk2-/- mice, confirming the key role of MDSC in the mechanism of tumor rejection. In vitro studies indicated that blocking of CaMKK2 is sufficient to impair the yield of MDSC. Surprisingly, MDSC generated from Camkk2-/- bone marrow cells also showed a higher ability to terminally differentiate toward more immunogenic cell types (e.g inflammatory macrophages and dendritic cells) compared to wild type (WT). Higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in Camkk2-/- MDSC, increasing their susceptibility to apoptosis and promoting their terminal differentiation toward more mature myeloid cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a known CaMKK2 proximal target controlling the oxidative stress response, fine-tunes ROS accumulation in MDSC. Accordingly, failure to activate the CaMKK2-AMPK axis can account for the elevated ROS levels in Camkk2-/- MDSC. These results highlight CaMKK2 as an important regulator of the MDSC lifecycle, identifying this kinase as a new druggable target to restrain MDSC expansion and enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yaping Liu
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anthony Luz
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark Berrong
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yujing Zou
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Excel Swann
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shekeab Jauhari
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William Lento
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kenyon E, Westerhuis JJ, Volk M, Hix J, Chakravarty S, Claucherty E, Zaluzec E, Ramsey L, Madaj Z, Hostetter G, Eagleson B, Shapiro E, Moore A, Sempere LF. Ductal tree ablation by local delivery of ethanol prevents tumor formation in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:129. [PMID: 31779648 PMCID: PMC6883550 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective intervention to prevent breast cancer. However, this major surgery has life-changing consequences at the physical, emotional, psychological, and social levels. Therefore, only high-risk individuals consider this aggressive procedure, which completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with surrounding tissue. Here, we seek to develop a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy by intraductal (ID) delivery of a cell-killing solution that locally ablates the mammary epithelial cells before they become malignant. Methods After ID injection of a 70% ethanol-containing solution in FVB/NJ female animals, ex vivo dual stained whole-mount tissue analysis and in vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging were used to visualize ductal tree filling, and histological and multiplex immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize ablative effects and quantitate the number of intact epithelial cells and stroma. After ID injection of 70% ethanol or other solutions in cancer-prone FVB-Tg-C3(1)-TAg female animals, mammary glands were palpated weekly to establish tumor latency and examined after necropsy to record tumor incidence. Statistical difference in median tumor latency and tumor incidence between experimental groups was analyzed by log-rank test and logistic mixed-effects model, respectively. Results We report that ID injection of 70% ethanol effectively ablates the mammary epithelia with limited collateral damage to surrounding stroma and vasculature in the murine ductal tree. ID injection of 70% ethanol into the mammary glands of the C3(1)-TAg multifocal breast cancer model significantly delayed tumor formation (median latency of 150 days in the untreated control group [n = 25] vs. 217 days in the ethanol-treated group [n = 13], p value < 0.0001) and reduced tumor incidence (34% of glands with tumors [85 of 250] in the untreated control group vs. 7.3% of glands with tumor [7 of 95] in the ethanol-treated group, risk ratio = 4.76 [95% CI 1.89 to 11.97, p value < 0.0001]). Conclusions This preclinical study demonstrates the feasibility of local ductal tree ablation as a novel strategy for primary prevention of breast cancer. Given the existing clinical uses of ethanol, ethanol-based ablation protocols could be readily implemented in first-in-human clinical trials for high-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ethan Claucherty
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Erin Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lisa Ramsey
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Bryn Eagleson
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Erik Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pellacani D, Tan S, Lefort S, Eaves CJ. Transcriptional regulation of normal human mammary cell heterogeneity and its perturbation in breast cancer. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100330. [PMID: 31304632 PMCID: PMC6627240 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland in adult women consists of biologically distinct cell types that differ in their surface phenotypes. Isolation and molecular characterization of these subpopulations of mammary cells have provided extensive insights into their different transcriptional programs and regulation. This information is now serving as a baseline for interpreting the heterogeneous features of human breast cancers. Examination of breast cancer mutational profiles further indicates that most have undergone a complex evolutionary process even before being detected. The consequent intra-tumoral as well as inter-tumoral heterogeneity of these cancers thus poses major challenges to deriving information from early and hence likely pervasive changes in potential therapeutic interest. Recently described reproducible and efficient methods for generating human breast cancers de novo in immunodeficient mice transplanted with genetically altered primary cells now offer a promising alternative to investigate initial stages of human breast cancer development. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about key transcriptional regulatory processes operative in these partially characterized subpopulations of normal human mammary cells and effects of disrupting these processes in experimentally produced human breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pellacani
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Susanna Tan
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sylvain Lefort
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox LaboratoryBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Annunziato S, de Ruiter JR, Henneman L, Brambillasca CS, Lutz C, Vaillant F, Ferrante F, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Siteur B, van Gerwen B, de Bruijn R, van Miltenburg MH, Huijbers IJ, van de Ven M, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Comparative oncogenomics identifies combinations of driver genes and drug targets in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30674894 PMCID: PMC6344487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-mutated breast cancer is primarily driven by DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) containing large numbers of candidate driver genes. Validation of these candidates requires novel approaches for high-throughput in vivo perturbation of gene function. Here we develop genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer that permit rapid introduction of putative drivers by either retargeting of GEMM-derived embryonic stem cells, lentivirus-mediated somatic overexpression or in situ CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. We use these approaches to validate Myc, Met, Pten and Rb1 as bona fide drivers in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis. Iterative mouse modeling and comparative oncogenomics analysis show that MYC-overexpression strongly reshapes the CNA landscape of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and identify MCL1 as a collaborating driver in these tumors. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition potentiates the in vivo efficacy of PARP inhibition (PARPi), underscoring the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of BRCA1-mutated cancer patients with poor response to PARPi monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara S Brambillasca
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Vaillant
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane E Visvader
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allegrezza MJ, Rutkowski MR, Stephen TL, Svoronos N, Perales-Puchalt A, Nguyen JM, Payne KK, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Tchou J, Conejo-Garcia JR. Trametinib Drives T-cell-Dependent Control of KRAS-Mutated Tumors by Inhibiting Pathological Myelopoiesis. Cancer Res 2017; 76:6253-6265. [PMID: 27803104 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies elicit seemingly paradoxical and poorly understood effects on tumor immunity. Here, we show that the MEK inhibitor trametinib abrogates cytokine-driven expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) from human or mouse myeloid progenitors. MEK inhibition also reduced the production of the mMDSC chemotactic factor osteopontin by tumor cells. Together, these effects reduced mMDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing hosts, limiting the outgrowth of KRas-driven breast tumors, even though trametinib largely failed to directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Accordingly, trametinib impeded tumor progression in vivo through a mechanism requiring CD8+ T cells, which was paradoxical given the drug's reported ability to inhibit effector lymphocytes. Confirming our observations, adoptive transfer of tumor-derived mMDSC reversed the ability of trametinib to control tumor growth. Overall, our work showed how the effects of trametinib on immune cells could partly explain its effectiveness, distinct from its activity on tumor cells themselves. More broadly, by providing a more incisive view into how MEK inhibitors may act against tumors, our findings expand their potential uses to generally block mMDSC expansion, which occurs widely in cancers to drive their growth and progression. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6253-65. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom L Stephen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Annunziato S, Kas SM, Nethe M, Yücel H, Del Bravo J, Pritchard C, Bin Ali R, van Gerwen B, Siteur B, Drenth AP, Schut E, van de Ven M, Boelens MC, Klarenbeek S, Huijbers IJ, van Miltenburg MH, Jonkers J. Modeling invasive lobular breast carcinoma by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic genome editing of the mammary gland. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1470-80. [PMID: 27340177 PMCID: PMC4926868 DOI: 10.1101/gad.279190.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Annunziato et al. describe a novel strategy for in vivo validation of candidate tumor suppressors implicated in invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC). Whereas intraductal injection of Cas9-encoding lentiviruses induced Cas9-specific immune responses and development of tumors that did not resemble ILC, lentiviral delivery of a Pten targeting sgRNA in mice with mammary gland-specific loss of E-cadherin and expression of Cas9 efficiently induced ILC development. Large-scale sequencing studies are rapidly identifying putative oncogenic mutations in human tumors. However, discrimination between passenger and driver events in tumorigenesis remains challenging and requires in vivo validation studies in reliable animal models of human cancer. In this study, we describe a novel strategy for in vivo validation of candidate tumor suppressors implicated in invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), which is hallmarked by loss of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. We describe an approach to model ILC by intraductal injection of lentiviral vectors encoding Cre recombinase, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, or both in female mice carrying conditional alleles of the Cdh1 gene, encoding for E-cadherin. Using this approach, we were able to target ILC-initiating cells and induce specific gene disruption of Pten by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing. Whereas intraductal injection of Cas9-encoding lentiviruses induced Cas9-specific immune responses and development of tumors that did not resemble ILC, lentiviral delivery of a Pten targeting single-guide RNA (sgRNA) in mice with mammary gland-specific loss of E-cadherin and expression of Cas9 efficiently induced ILC development. This versatile platform can be used for rapid in vivo testing of putative tumor suppressor genes implicated in ILC, providing new opportunities for modeling invasive lobular breast carcinoma in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micha Nethe
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hatice Yücel
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Del Bravo
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rahmen Bin Ali
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C Boelens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Conway JRW, Warren SC, Timpson P. Context-dependent intravital imaging of therapeutic response using intramolecular FRET biosensors. Methods 2017; 128:78-94. [PMID: 28435000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy represents a more physiologically relevant method for assessing therapeutic response. However, the movement into an in vivo setting brings with it several additional considerations, the primary being the context in which drug activity is assessed. Microenvironmental factors, such as hypoxia, pH, fibrosis, immune infiltration and stromal interactions have all been shown to have pronounced effects on drug activity in a more complex setting, which is often lost in simpler two- or three-dimensional assays. Here we present a practical guide for the application of intravital microscopy, looking at the available fluorescent reporters and their respective expression systems and analysis considerations. Moving in vivo, we also discuss the microscopy set up and methods available for overlaying microenvironmental context to the experimental readouts. This enables a smooth transition into applying higher fidelity intravital imaging to improve the drug discovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Constitutively activated PI3K accelerates tumor initiation and modifies histopathology of breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e267. [PMID: 27797363 PMCID: PMC5141269 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit α-isoform (PIK3CA, p110α) is frequently activated by mutation in human cancers. Based on detection in some breast cancer precursors, PIK3CA mutations have been proposed to have a role in tumor initiation. To investigate this hypothesis, we generated a novel mouse model with a Cre-recombinase regulated allele of p110α (myristoylated-p110α, myr-p110α) along with p53fl/fl deletion and KrasG12D also regulated by Cre-recombinase. After instillation of adenovirus-expressing Cre-recombinase into mammary ducts, we found that myr-p110α accelerated breast tumor initiation in a copy number-dependent manner. Breast tumors induced by p53fl/fl;KrasG12D with no or one copy of myr-p110α had predominantly sarcomatoid features, whereas two copies of myr-p110α resulted in tumors with a carcinoma phenotype. This novel model provides experimental support for importance of active p110α in breast tumor initiation, and shows that the amount of PI3K activity can affect the rate of tumor initiation and modify the histological phenotype of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Svoronos N, Perales-Puchalt A, Allegrezza MJ, Rutkowski MR, Payne KK, Tesone AJ, Nguyen JM, Curiel TJ, Cadungog MG, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Zhang P, Tchou J, Zhang R, Conejo-Garcia JR. Tumor Cell-Independent Estrogen Signaling Drives Disease Progression through Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:72-85. [PMID: 27694385 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of estrogens in antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that estrogen signaling accelerates the progression of different estrogen-insensitive tumor models by contributing to deregulated myelopoiesis by both driving the mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and enhancing their intrinsic immunosuppressive activity in vivo Differences in tumor growth are dependent on blunted antitumor immunity and, correspondingly, disappear in immunodeficient hosts and upon MDSC depletion. Mechanistically, estrogen receptor alpha activates the STAT3 pathway in human and mouse bone marrow myeloid precursors by enhancing JAK2 and SRC activity. Therefore, estrogen signaling is a crucial mechanism underlying pathologic myelopoiesis in cancer. Our work suggests that new antiestrogen drugs that have no agonistic effects may have benefits in a wide range of cancers, independently of the expression of estrogen receptors in tumor cells, and may synergize with immunotherapies to significantly extend survival. SIGNIFICANCE Ablating estrogenic activity delays malignant progression independently of the tumor cell responsiveness, owing to a decrease in the mobilization and immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, which boosts T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale to block estrogen signaling with newer antagonists to boost the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapies. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 72-85. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Welte et al., p. 17This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark G Cadungog
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Perales-Puchalt A, Svoronos N, Rutkowski MR, Allegrezza MJ, Tesone AJ, Payne KK, Wickramasinghe J, Nguyen JM, O'Brien SW, Gumireddy K, Huang Q, Cadungog MG, Connolly DC, Tchou J, Curiel TJ, Conejo-Garcia JR. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Is Expressed by Most Ovarian Cancer Subtypes and Is a Safe and Effective Immunotherapeutic Target. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:441-453. [PMID: 27435394 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the safety and effectiveness of T cells redirected against follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)-expressing ovarian cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FSHR expression was determined by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR in 77 human ovarian cancer specimens from 6 different histologic subtypes and 20 human healthy tissues. The effectiveness of human T cells targeted with full-length FSH in vivo was determined against a panel of patient-derived xenografts. Safety and effectiveness were confirmed in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice, using constructs targeting murine FSHR and syngeneic T cells. RESULTS FSHR is expressed in gynecologic malignancies of different histologic types but not in nonovarian healthy tissues. Accordingly, T cells expressing full-length FSHR-redirected chimeric receptors mediate significant therapeutic effects (including tumor rejection) against a panel of patient-derived tumors in vivo In immunocompetent mice growing syngeneic, orthotopic, and aggressive ovarian tumors, fully murine FSHR-targeted T cells also increased survival without any measurable toxicity. Notably, chimeric receptors enhanced the ability of endogenous tumor-reactive T cells to abrogate malignant progression upon adoptive transfer into naïve recipients subsequently challenged with the same tumor. Interestingly, FSHR-targeted T cells persisted as memory lymphocytes without noticeable PD-1-dependent exhaustion during end-stage disease, in the absence of tumor cell immunoediting. However, exosomes in advanced tumor ascites diverted the effector activity of this and other chimeric receptor-transduced T cells away from targeted tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS T cells redirected against FSHR+ tumor cells with full-length FSH represent a promising therapeutic alternative against a broad range of ovarian malignancies, with negligible toxicity even in the presence of cognate targets in tumor-free ovaries. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 441-53. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shane W O'Brien
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kiranmai Gumireddy
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qihong Huang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark G Cadungog
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware
| | - Denise C Connolly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allegrezza MJ, Rutkowski MR, Stephen TL, Svoronos N, Tesone AJ, Perales-Puchalt A, Nguyen JM, Sarmin F, Sheen MR, Jeng EK, Tchou J, Wong HC, Fiering SN, Conejo-Garcia JR. IL15 Agonists Overcome the Immunosuppressive Effects of MEK Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2561-72. [PMID: 26980764 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many signal transduction inhibitors are being developed for cancer therapy target pathways that are also important for the proper function of antitumor lymphocytes, possibly weakening their therapeutic effects. Here we show that most inhibitors targeting multiple signaling pathways have especially strong negative effects on T-cell activation at their active doses on cancer cells. In particular, we found that recently approved MEK inhibitors displayed potent suppressive effects on T cells in vitro However, these effects could be attenuated by certain cytokines that can be administered to cancer patients. Among them, clinically available IL15 superagonists, which can activate PI3K selectively in T lymphocytes, synergized with MEK inhibitors in vivo to elicit potent and durable antitumor responses, including by a vaccine-like effect that generated resistance to tumor rechallenge. Our work identifies a clinically actionable approach to overcome the T-cell-suppressive effects of MEK inhibitors and illustrates how to reconcile the deficiencies of signal transduction inhibitors, which impede desired immunologic effects in vivo Cancer Res; 76(9); 2561-72. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom L Stephen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fahmida Sarmin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mee R Sheen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Emily K Jeng
- Research & Development, Altor BioScience Corporation, Miramar, Florida
| | - Julia Tchou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rena Rowan Breast Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hing C Wong
- Research & Development, Altor BioScience Corporation, Miramar, Florida
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rutkowski MR, Stephen TL, Svoronos N, Allegrezza MJ, Tesone AJ, Perales-Puchalt A, Brencicova E, Escovar-Fadul X, Nguyen JM, Cadungog MG, Zhang R, Salatino M, Tchou J, Rabinovich GA, Conejo-Garcia JR. Microbially driven TLR5-dependent signaling governs distal malignant progression through tumor-promoting inflammation. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:27-40. [PMID: 25533336 PMCID: PMC4293269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dominant TLR5(R392X) polymorphism abrogates flagellin responses in >7% of humans. We report that TLR5-dependent commensal bacteria drive malignant progression at extramucosal locations by increasing systemic IL-6, which drives mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Mechanistically, expanded granulocytic MDSCs cause γδ lymphocytes in TLR5-responsive tumors to secrete galectin-1, dampening antitumor immunity and accelerating malignant progression. In contrast, IL-17 is consistently upregulated in TLR5-unresponsive tumor-bearing mice but only accelerates malignant progression in IL-6-unresponsive tumors. Importantly, depletion of commensal bacteria abrogates TLR5-dependent differences in tumor growth. Contrasting differences in inflammatory cytokines and malignant evolution are recapitulated in TLR5-responsive/unresponsive ovarian and breast cancer patients. Therefore, inflammation, antitumor immunity, and the clinical outcome of cancer patients are influenced by a common TLR5 polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tom L Stephen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nikolaos Svoronos
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amelia J Tesone
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eva Brencicova
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ximena Escovar-Fadul
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jenny M Nguyen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark G Cadungog
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, 4701 Ogletown-Stanton Road, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA
| | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA; Rena Rowan Breast Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|