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Vogel V, Bauer R, Mauerer S, Schiffelholz N, Haupt C, Seibold GM, Fändrich M, Walther P, Spellerberg B. Angicin, a novel bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24377. [PMID: 34934110 PMCID: PMC8692603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a conserved defense mechanism, many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, called bacteriocins, which provide a colonization advantage in a multispecies environment. Here the first bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus, designated Angicin, is described. S. anginosus is commonly described as a commensal, however it also possesses a high pathogenic potential. Therefore, understanding factors contributing to its host colonization and persistence are important. A radial diffusion assay was used to identify S. anginosus BSU 1211 as a potent bacteriocin producer. By genetic mutagenesis the background of bacteriocin production and the bacteriocin gene itself were identified. Synthetic Angicin shows high activity against closely related streptococci, listeria and vancomycin resistant enterococci. It has a fast mechanism of action and causes a membrane disruption in target cells. Angicin, present in cell free supernatant, is insensitive to changes in temperature from - 70 to 90 °C and pH values from 2 to 10, suggesting that it represents an interesting compound for potential applications in food preservation or clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Vogel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Bauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mauerer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Haupt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Lentzeacins A-E, New Bacterial-Derived 2,5- and 2,6-Disubstituted Pyrazines from a BGC-Rich Soil Bacterium Lentzea sp. GA3-008. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237197. [PMID: 34885778 PMCID: PMC8658869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazines (1,4-diazirines) are an important group of natural products that have tremendous monetary value in the food and fragrance industries and can exhibit a wide range of biological effects including antineoplastic, antidiabetic and antibiotic activities. As part of a project investigating the secondary metabolites present in understudied and chemically rich Actinomycetes, we isolated a series of six pyrazines from a soil-derived Lentzea sp. GA3-008, four of which are new. Here we describe the structures of lentzeacins A-E (1, 3, 5 and 6) along with two known analogues (2 and 4) and the porphyrin zincphyrin. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. The suite of compounds present in Lentzea sp. includes 2,5-disubstituted pyrazines (compounds 2, 4, and 6) together with the new 2,6-disubstituted isomers (compounds 1, 3 and 5), a chemical class that is uncommon. We used long-read Nanopore sequencing to assemble a draft genome sequence of Lentzea sp. which revealed the presence of 40 biosynthetic gene clusters. Analysis of classical di-modular and single module non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes, and cyclic dipeptide synthases narrows down the possibilities for the biosynthesis of the pyrazines present in this strain.
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Wholey WY, Abu-Khdeir M, Yu EA, Siddiqui S, Esimai O, Dawid S. Characterization of the Competitive Pneumocin Peptides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:55. [PMID: 30915281 PMCID: PMC6422914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the polymicrobial environment of the human nasopharynx, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) competes with other members of the microbial community for limited nutrients in part by secreting small peptide bacteriocins called pneumocins. Pneumocin production is controlled by a quorum sensing system encoded by the blp locus. Although the locus is found in all pneumococci, there is significant variability in the repertoire of pneumocins and associated immunity proteins encoded in the Bacteriocin Immunity Region (BIR) and in the presence or absence of a functional Blp transporter. Strains without an active Blp transporter are inactive in plate overlay assays and rely on a homologous transporter that is only produced during brief periods of competence to stimulate the blp locus and secrete pneumocins. The variability of the locus suggests that selective pressure is influencing the content to promote the optimal competitive environment. Much of the variability in the blp locus has been described at the genome level; the phenotypic activity attributable to the various BIR genes has not been fully described. To examine the role of the predicted pneumocin peptides in competition, 454 isolates were screened for competence independent blp pheromone secretion using plate assays. Active strains were characterized for inhibition, BIR content, BlpC pherotype and serotype. Deletion analysis on inhibitory strains demonstrated that BlpI and BlpJ peptides function as a two-peptide bacteriocin and that BlpIJ immunity is encoded by the co-transcribed blpU4/5 genes. BlpIJ secretion promotes inhibitory activity against the majority of pneumococcal isolates when expressed in a Blp transporter intact background. Intermediate levels of competition in biofilms were noted when BlpIJ containing strains carried the non-functional Blp transporter. Based on genome data, the combination of BlpIJ in a Blp transporter intact strain is surprisingly rare, despite clear advantages during colonization and biofilm growth. In contrast, we show that the blpK/pncF operon encoding the single-peptide pneumocin BlpK and its immunity protein is found in the majority of isolates. Unlike, BlpIJ and BlpK were shown to promote a limited spectrum of inhibition due in part to immunity that is independent of activation of the blp locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maha Abu-Khdeir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily A Yu
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Saher Siddiqui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ogenna Esimai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Suzanne Dawid
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Mendonca ML, Szamosi JC, Lacroix AM, Fontes ME, Bowdish DM, Surette MG. The sil Locus in Streptococcus Anginosus Group: Interspecies Competition and a Hotspot of Genetic Diversity. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2156. [PMID: 28119678 PMCID: PMC5222867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus Invasion Locus (Sil) was first described in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, where it has been implicated in virulence. The two-component peptide signaling system consists of the SilA response regulator and SilB histidine kinase along with the SilCR signaling peptide and SilD/E export/processing proteins. The presence of an associated bacteriocin region suggests this system may play a role in competitive interactions with other microbes. Comparative analysis of 42 Streptococcus Anginosus/Milleri Group (SAG) genomes reveals this to be a hot spot for genomic variability. A cluster of bacteriocin/immunity genes is found adjacent to the sil system in most SAG isolates (typically 6–10 per strain). In addition, there were two distinct SilCR peptides identified in this group, denoted here as SilCRSAG-A and SilCRSAG-B, with corresponding alleles in silB. Our analysis of the 42 sil loci showed that SilCRSAG-A is only found in Streptococcus intermedius while all three species can carry SilCRSAG-B. In S. intermedius B196, a putative SilA operator is located upstream of bacteriocin gene clusters, implicating the sil system in regulation of microbe–microbe interactions at mucosal surfaces where the group resides. We demonstrate that S. intermedius B196 responds to its cognate SilCRSAG-A, and, less effectively, to SilCRSAG-B released by other Anginosus group members, to produce putative bacteriocins and inhibit the growth of a sensitive strain of S. constellatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Mendonca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada
| | - Jake C Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lacroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada
| | - Michelle E Fontes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada
| | - Dawn M Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HamiltonON, Canada
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Coordinated Bacteriocin Expression and Competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae Contributes to Genetic Adaptation through Neighbor Predation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005413. [PMID: 26840124 PMCID: PMC4739721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) has remained a persistent cause of invasive and mucosal disease in humans despite the widespread use of antibiotics and vaccines. The resilience of this organism is due to its capacity for adaptation through the uptake and incorporation of new genetic material from the surrounding microbial community. DNA uptake and recombination is controlled by a tightly regulated quorum sensing system that is triggered by the extracellular accumulation of competence stimulating peptide (CSP). In this study, we demonstrate that CSP can stimulate the production of a diverse array of blp bacteriocins. This cross stimulation occurs through increased production and secretion of the bacteriocin pheromone, BlpC, and requires a functional competence regulatory system. We show that a highly conserved motif in the promoter of the operon encoding BlpC and its transporter mediates the upregulation by CSP. The accumulation of BlpC following CSP stimulation results in augmented activation of the entire blp locus. Using biofilm-grown organisms as a model for competition and genetic exchange on the mucosal surface, we demonstrate that DNA exchange is enhanced by bacteriocin secretion suggesting that co-stimulation of bacteriocins with competence provides an adaptive advantage. The blp and com regulatory pathways are believed to have diverged and specialized in a remote ancestor of pneumococcus. Despite this, the two systems have maintained a regulatory connection that promotes competition and adaptation by targeting for lysis a wide array of potential competitors while simultaneously providing the means for incorporation of their DNA.
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