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Serum-Free Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates in Suspension Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4607461. [PMID: 31814836 PMCID: PMC6878794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4607461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate towards bone, fat, and cartilage lineages. The most widely used culture and differentiation protocols for MSCs are currently limited by their use of serum-containing media and small-scale static culture vessels. Suspension bioreactors have multiple advantages over static culture vessels (e.g., scalability, control, and mechanical forces). This study sought to compare the formation and culture of 3D aggregates of human synovial fluid MSCs within suspension bioreactors and static microwell plates. It also sought to elucidate the benefits of these techniques in terms of productivity, cell number, and ability to generate aggregates containing extracellular matrix deposition. MSCs in serum-free medium were either (1) inoculated as single cells into suspension bioreactors, (2) aggregated using static microwell plates prior to being inoculated in the bioreactor environment, or (3) aggregated using microwell plates and kept in the static environment. Preformed aggregates that were size-controlled at inoculation had a greater tendency to form large, irregular super aggregates after a few days of suspension culture. The single MSCs inoculated into suspension bioreactors formed a more uniform population of smaller aggregates after a definite culture period of 8 days. Both techniques showed initial deposition of extracellular matrix within the aggregates. When the relationship between aggregate size and ECM deposition was investigated in static culture, midsized aggregates (100-300 cells/aggregate) were found to most consistently maximize sGAG and collagen productivity. Thus, this study presents a 3D tissue culture method, which avoids the clinical drawbacks of serum-containing medium that can easily be scaled for tissue culture applications.
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Le MNT, Hasegawa K. Expansion Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Production of Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E48. [PMID: 31137703 PMCID: PMC6632060 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived cardiomyocytes for the treatment of heart failure is a promising therapy. In order to implement this therapy requiring numerous cardiomyocytes, substantial production of hPSCs followed by cardiac differentiation seems practical. Conventional methods of culturing hPSCs involve using a 2D culture monolayer that hinders the expansion of hPSCs, thereby limiting their productivity. Advanced culture of hPSCs in 3D aggregates in the suspension overcomes the limitations of 2D culture and attracts immense attention. Although the hPSC production needs to be suitable for subsequent cardiac differentiation, many studies have independently focused on either expansion of hPSCs or cardiac differentiation protocols. In this review, we summarize the recent approaches to expand hPSCs in combination with cardiomyocyte differentiation. A comparison of various suspension culture methods and future prospects for dynamic culture of hPSCs are discussed in this study. Understanding hPSC characteristics in different models of dynamic culture helps to produce numerous cells that are useful for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Hasegawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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García-Reyes B, Witt L, Jansen B, Karasu E, Gehring T, Leban J, Henne-Bruns D, Pichlo C, Brunstein E, Baumann U, Wesseler F, Rathmer B, Schade D, Peifer C, Knippschild U. Discovery of Inhibitor of Wnt Production 2 (IWP-2) and Related Compounds As Selective ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) δ/ε. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4087-4102. [PMID: 29630366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Wnt production (IWPs) are known antagonists of the Wnt pathway, targeting the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase porcupine (Porcn) and thus preventing a crucial Wnt ligand palmitoylation. Since IWPs show structural similarities to benzimidazole-based CK1 inhibitors, we hypothesized that IWPs could also inhibit CK1 isoforms. Molecular modeling revealed a plausible binding mode of IWP-2 in the ATP binding pocket of CK1δ which was confirmed by X-ray analysis. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated IWPs to be ATP-competitive inhibitors of wtCK1δ. IWPs also strongly inhibited the gatekeeper mutant M82FCK1δ. When profiled in a panel of 320 kinases, IWP-2 specifically inhibited CK1δ. IWP-2 and IWP-4 also inhibited the viability of various cancer cell lines. By a medicinal chemistry approach, we developed improved IWP-derived CK1 inhibitors. Our results suggest that the effects of IWPs are not limited to Porcn, but also might influence CK1δ/ε-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Lydia Witt
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Björn Jansen
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Tanja Gehring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Johann Leban
- Oncotyrol GmbH , Karl-Kapferer-Straße 5 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Pichlo
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Elena Brunstein
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department for Chemistry , University of Cologne , Zülpicher Str. 47B , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Fabian Wesseler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Bernd Rathmer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , D-44227 Dortmund , Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy , Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 1 , D-17489 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy , Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Gutenbergstraße 76 , D-24116 Kiel , Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery , Ulm University Hospital , Albert-Einstein-Allee 23 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
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