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Gonon G, de Toledo SM, Perumal V, Jay-Gerin JP, Azzam EI. Impact of the redox environment on propagation of radiation bystander effects: The modulating effect of oxidative metabolism and oxygen partial pressure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503559. [PMID: 36462795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox modulated pathways play important roles in out-of-field effects of ionizing radiation. We investigated how the redox environment impacts the magnitude of propagation of stressful effects from irradiated to bystander cells. Normal human fibroblasts that have incorporated [3H]-thymidine were intimately co-cultured with bystander cells in a strategy that allowed isolation of bystander cells with high purity. The antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was maintained either at wild-type conditions or overexpressed in the bystanders. Following 24 h of coculture, levels of stress-responsive p21Waf1, p-Hdm2, and connexin43 proteins were increased in bystander cells expressing wild-type GPX relative to respective controls. These levels were significantly attenuated when GPX was ectopically overexpressed, demonstrating by direct approach the involvement of a regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. Evidence of participation of pro-oxidant compounds was generated by exposing confluent cell cultures to low fluences of 3.7 MeV α particles in presence or absence of t-butyl hydroperoxide. By 3 h post-exposure to fluences wherein only ∼2% of cells are traversed through the nucleus by a particle track, increases in chromosomal damage were greater than expected in absence of the drug (p < 0.001) and further enhanced in its presence (p < 0.05). While maintenance and irradiation of cell cultures at low oxygen pressure (pO2 3.8 mm Hg) to mimic in vivo still supported the participation of bystander cells in responses assessed by chromosomal damage and stress-responsive protein levels (p < 0.001), the effects were attenuated compared to ambient pO2 (155 mm Hg) (p < 0.05). Together, the results show that bystander effects are attenuated at below ambient pO2 and when metabolic oxidative stress is reduced but increased when the basal redox environment tilts towards oxidizing conditions. They are consistent with bystander effects being independent of radiation dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gonon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Sonia M de Toledo
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Radiobiology and Health Branch, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Ning N, Shen Z, Ye Y. A signature of 24 aging‑related gene pairs predict overall survival in gastric cancer. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:35. [PMID: 33823856 PMCID: PMC8025368 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is the major risk factor for most human cancers. We aim to develop and validate a reliable aging-related gene pair signature (ARGPs) to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS The mRNA expression data and clinical information were obtained from two public databases, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, respectively. The best prognostic signature was established using Cox regression analysis (univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator). The optimal cut-off value to distinguish between high- and low-risk patients was found by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The prognostic ability of the ARGPS was evaluated by a log-rank test and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The 24 ARGPs were constructed for GC prognosis. Using the optimal cut-off value - 0.270, all patients were stratified into high risk and low risk. In both TCGA and GEO cohorts, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high-risk group has a poor prognosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively). Then, we conducted a subgroup analysis of age, gender, grade and stage, and reached the same conclusion. After adjusting for a variety of clinical and pathological factors, the results of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the ARGPs is still an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR, 4.919; 95% CI 3.345-7.235; P < 0.001). In comparing with previous signature, the novel signature was superior, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.845 vs. 0.684 vs. 0.695. The results of immune infiltration analysis showed that the abundance of T cells follicular helper was significantly higher in the low-risk group, while the abundance of monocytes was the opposite. Finally, we identified and incorporated independent prognostic factors and developed a superior nomogram to predict the prognosis of GC patients. CONCLUSION Our study has developed a robust prognostic signature that can accurately predict the prognostic outcome of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, No.1 Life Park Road, Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, No.1 Life Park Road, Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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Domogauer JD, de Toledo SM, Howell RW, Azzam EI. Acquired radioresistance in cancer associated fibroblasts is concomitant with enhanced antioxidant potential and DNA repair capacity. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:30. [PMID: 33637118 PMCID: PMC7912493 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the cancer stroma, and their response to therapeutic treatments likely impacts the outcome. We tested the hypothesis that CAFs develop unique characteristics that enhance their resistance to ionizing radiation. Methods CAFs were generated through intimate coculture of normal human fibroblasts of skin or lung origin with various human cancer cell types using permeable microporous membrane inserts. Fibroblasts and cancer cells are grown intimately, yet separately, on either side of the insert’s membrane for extended times to generate activated fibroblast populations highly enriched in CAFs. Results The generated CAFs exhibited a decrease in Caveolin-1 protein expression levels, a CAF biomarker, which was further enhanced when the coculture was maintained under in-vivo-like oxygen tension conditions. The level of p21Waf1 was also attenuated, a characteristic also associated with accelerated tumor growth. Furthermore, the generated CAFs experienced perturbations in their redox environment as demonstrated by increases in protein carbonylation, mitochondrial superoxide anion levels, and modulation of the activity of the antioxidants, manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase. Propagation of the isolated CAFs for 25 population doublings was associated with enhanced genomic instability and a decrease in expression of the senescence markers β-galactosidase and p16INK4a. With relevance to radiotherapeutic treatments, CAFs in coculture with cancer cells of diverse origins (breast, brain, lung, and prostate) were resistant to the clastogenic effects of 137Cs γ rays compared to naïve fibroblasts. Addition of repair inhibitors of single- or double-stranded DNA breaks attenuated the resistance of CAFs to the clastogenic effects of γ rays, supporting a role for increased ability to repair DNA damage in CAF radioresistance. Conclusions This study reveals that CAFs are radioresistant and experience significant changes in indices of oxidative metabolism. The CAFs that survive radiation treatment likely modulate the fate of the associated cancer cells. Identifying them together with their mode of communication with cancer cells, and eradicating them, particularly when they may exist at the margin of the radiotherapy planning target volume, may improve the efficacy of cancer treatments.![]() Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Domogauer
- Division of Radiation Research and Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Room - F1212, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sonia M de Toledo
- Division of Radiation Research and Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Room - F1212, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research and Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Room - F1212, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Division of Radiation Research and Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Radiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Room - F1212, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Senthebane DA, Jonker T, Rowe A, Thomford NE, Munro D, Dandara C, Wonkam A, Govender D, Calder B, Soares NC, Blackburn JM, Parker MI, Dzobo K. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: 3D Extracellular Matrices as Accomplices. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2861. [PMID: 30241395 PMCID: PMC6213202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional interplay between tumor cells and their adjacent stroma has been suggested to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of tumors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of extracellular proteins, provides both physical and chemicals cues necessary for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Understanding how ECM composition and biomechanical properties affect cancer progression and response to chemotherapeutic drugs is vital to the development of targeted treatments. METHODS 3D cell-derived-ECMs and esophageal cancer cell lines were used as a model to investigate the effect of ECM proteins on esophageal cancer cell lines response to chemotherapeutics. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR evaluation of ECM proteins and integrin gene expression was done on clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Esophageal cancer cell lines (WHCO1, WHCO5, WHCO6, KYSE180, KYSE 450 and KYSE 520) were cultured on decellularised ECMs (fibroblasts-derived ECM; cancer cell-derived ECM; combinatorial-ECM) and treated with 0.1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4.2 µM cisplatin, 3.5 µM 5-fluorouracil and 2.5 µM epirubicin for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and activation of signaling pathways were used as our study endpoints. RESULTS The expression of collagens, fibronectin and laminins was significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) tumor samples compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Decellularised ECMs abrogated the effect of drugs on cancer cell cycling, proliferation and reduced drug induced apoptosis by 20⁻60% that of those plated on plastic. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were upregulated in the presence of the ECMs. Furthermore, our data show that concomitant addition of chemotherapeutic drugs and the use of collagen- and fibronectin-deficient ECMs through siRNA inhibition synergistically increased cancer cell sensitivity to drugs by 30⁻50%, and reduced colony formation and cancer cell migration. CONCLUSION Our study shows that ECM proteins play a key role in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and suggest that targeting ECM proteins can be an effective therapeutic strategy against chemoresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Tina Jonker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Daniella Munro
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, NHLS-Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Autsavapromporn N, Liu C, Konishi T. Impact of Co-Culturing with Fractionated Carbon-Ion-Irradiated Cancer Cells on Bystander Normal Cells and Their Progeny. Radiat Res 2017; 188:335-341. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14773.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narongchai Autsavapromporn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Teruaki Konishi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Sharma N, Colangelo NW, de Toledo SM, Azzam EI. Diffusible Factors Secreted by Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma Cells Induce Oxidative Stress in Bystander Neural Stem Progenitors. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/4/1759091416662808. [PMID: 27511909 PMCID: PMC4984487 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416662808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects that alter the homeostasis of neural stem or progenitor cells (NSPs) can affect regenerative processes in the central nervous system. We investigated the effect of soluble factors secreted by control or 137Cs-γ-irradiated glioblastoma or medulloblastoma cells on redox-modulated endpoints in recipient human NSPs. Growth medium harvested from the nonirradiated brain tumor cells, following 24 h of growth, induced prominent oxidative stress in recipient NSPs as judged by overall increases in mitochondrial superoxide radical levels (p < .001), activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase, and decrease in the active form of FoxO3a. The induced oxidative stress was associated with phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15, a marker of DNA damage, induction of the cyclin-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21Waf1 and p27Kip1, and perturbations in cell cycle progression (p < .001). These changes were also associated with increased apoptosis as determined by enhanced annexin V staining (p < .001) and caspase 8 activation (p < .05) and altered expression of critical regulators of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Exposure of the tumor cells to radiation only slightly altered the induced oxidative changes in the bystander NSPs, except for medium from irradiated medulloblastoma cells that was more potent at inducing apoptosis in the NSPs than medium from nonirradiated cells (p < .001). The elucidation of such stressful bystander effects provides avenues to understand the biochemical events underlying the development or exacerbation of degenerative outcomes associated with brain cancers. It is also relevant to tissue culture protocols whereby growth medium conditioned by tumor cells is often used to support the growth of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas W Colangelo
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Sonia M de Toledo
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
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