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Xia Y, Xu F, Xiong M, Yang H, Lin W, Xie Y, Xi H, Xue Q, Ye T, Yu L. Repurposing of antipsychotic trifluoperazine for treating brain metastasis, lung metastasis and bone metastasis of melanoma by disrupting autophagy flux. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105295. [PMID: 33176207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have brought substantial benefits to patients with melanoma. However, brain metastases remain the biggest threat to the survival and quality of life of melanoma patients. One of the major challenges to an effective therapy is the inability of drugs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Anti-schizophrenic drugs can cross the BBB, and many of them have demonstrated anti-cancer effects. Repurposing existing drugs for new clinical indications is an alluring strategy for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we applied this strategy and screened a small collection of existing anti-schizophrenic drugs to use as anti-melanoma agents. Among them, trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (TFP) exhibited promising potencies for suppressing the growth and metastasis of melanoma, both in vitro and in vivo. TFP obviously suppressed the viability of melanoma cells within the micromolar range and inhibited the growth of melanoma in the subcutaneous mice models. Notably, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of TFP (40 mg/kg/day) obviously inhibited the growth of intra-carotid-injection established melanoma brain metastasis and extended the survival of brain metastasis-bearing mice. Moreover, TFP significantly suppressed lung metastasis and bone metastasis of melanoma in preclinical metastasis models. Mechanistically, TFP caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis of melanoma cells. In addition, TFP treatment increased the expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II (LC3B-II) and p62 in vitro, suggesting an inhibition of autophagic flux. TFP decreased LysoTracker Red uptake after treatment, indicating impaired acidification of lysosomes. Moreover, the colocalization of LC3 with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a lysosome marker, was also suppressed after TFP treatment, suggesting that TFP might block the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, which led to autophagosome accumulation. Taken together, our data highlight the potential of repurposing TFP as a new adjuvant drug for treating melanoma patients with brain, lung, and bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiping Xiong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huizhi Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Luoting Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4-Hydroxyacetophenone modulates the actomyosin cytoskeleton to reduce metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22423-22429. [PMID: 32848073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014639117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the cause of the vast majority of cancer deaths. In the metastatic process, cells migrate to the vasculature, intravasate, extravasate, and establish metastatic colonies. This pattern of spread requires the cancer cells to change shape and to navigate tissue barriers. Approaches that block this mechanical program represent new therapeutic avenues. We show that 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) inhibits colon cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and migration in vitro and reduces the metastatic burden in an in vivo model of colon cancer metastasis to the liver. Treatment with 4-HAP activates nonmuscle myosin-2C (NM2C) (MYH14) to alter actin organization, inhibiting the mechanical program of metastasis. We identify NM2C as a specific therapeutic target. Pharmacological control of myosin isoforms is a promising approach to address metastatic disease, one that may be readily combined with other therapeutic strategies.
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Xu F, Xia Y, Feng Z, Lin W, Xue Q, Jiang J, Yu X, Peng C, Luo M, Yang Y, Wei Y, Yu L. Repositioning antipsychotic fluphenazine hydrochloride for treating triple negative breast cancer with brain metastases and lung metastases. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:459-478. [PMID: 30949404 PMCID: PMC6448056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have a high risk of brain metastases. This deadly disease represents a major challenge for successful treatment, in part because of the poor ability of drugs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Antipsychotic drugs show good bioavailability in the brain, and some of them have exhibited anticancer effects in several cancer types. In this study, we investigated the potential of repurposing fluphenazine hydrochloride (Flu) for the treatment of TNBC and the brain metastases. Our data showed that Flu inhibited survival of metastatic TNBC cells. It induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and promoted mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in vitro. Pharmacokinetic studies in BALB/c mice showed a brain/plasma drug concentration ratio of Flu above 25 for at least 24 hours after dosing. Flu moderately suppressed tumor growth in a TNBC subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Importantly, Flu exhibited good anti-metastatic potential in a mouse brain metastasis model with an inhibition rate of 85%. In addition, Flu showed a strong inhibitory effect on spontaneous lung metastasis. Moreover, Flu didn't cause serious side effects in the mice. Taken together, this study prompts further preclinical and clinical investigation into repurposing Flu for treating metastatic TNBC patients, which urgently need new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhanzhan Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinrui Jiang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Carey Bussiness School, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore MD 21202, USA
| | - Cuiting Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu 610041, China
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Jun E, Kim SC, Lee CM, Oh J, Lee S, Shim IK. Synergistic effect of a drug loaded electrospun patch and systemic chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer xenograft. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12381. [PMID: 28959053 PMCID: PMC5620083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high rate of local recurrence and poor prognosis even with adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection. The aim of this study was to investigate if local drug delivery combined with low dose systemic chemotherapy can increase the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy while reducing systemic toxicities. Poly-L-lactic acid-based 5-FU releasing patch was fabricated by electrospinning, and its tumour killing effects were first confirmed in vitro. The 5-FU patch directly adhered to the tumour in subcutaneous and orthotopic murine models, and induced a significant decrease in tumour size. Systemic gemcitabine treatment group, 5-FU drug releasing patch group, and systemic gemcitabine plus 5-FU patch group were compared by tumour size measurement, non-invasive bio-imaging, and histology in subcutaneous models. Combination of local drug patch and systemic chemotherapy led to increased tumour suppression effects that lasted longer, as well as increased survival rate. Histology revealed higher degree of apoptosis in the combined group. Systemic toxicity was recovered within 7 days after the treatment in all mice. Conclusively, local drug delivery using biocompatible polymer patch significantly inhibited tumour growth, and combination with systemic chemotherapy was more effective than single systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Jun
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyun Oh
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyong Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-2 Dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Oshima G, Guo N, He C, Stack ME, Poon C, Uppal A, Wightman SC, Parekh A, Skowron KB, Posner MC, Lin W, Khodarev NN, Weichselbaum RR. In Vivo Delivery and Therapeutic Effects of a MicroRNA on Colorectal Liver Metastases. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1588-1595. [PMID: 28457664 PMCID: PMC5498809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic agents are typically used in concert to effectively control metastatic tumors. Recently, we described microRNAs that are associated with the oligometastatic state, in which a limited number of metastatic tumors progress to more favorable outcomes. Here, we report the effective delivery of an oligometastatic microRNA (miR-655-3p) to colorectal liver metastases using nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs). The NCPs demonstrated a targeted and prolonged distribution of microRNAs to metastatic liver tumors. Tumor-targeted microRNA miR-655-3p suppressed tumor growth when co-delivered with oxaliplatin, suggesting additive or synergistic interactions between microRNAs and platinum drugs. This is the first known example of systemically administered nanoparticles delivering an oligometastatic microRNA to advanced metastatic liver tumors and demonstrating tumor-suppressive effects. Our results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic liver disease by the co-delivery of microRNAs and conventional cytotoxic agents using tumor-specific NCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Oshima
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nining Guo
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chunbai He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melinda E Stack
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abhineet Uppal
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sean C Wightman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Akash Parekh
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kinga B Skowron
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mitchell C Posner
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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