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El Haber M, Gérard V, Kleinheins J, Ferronato C, Nozière B. Measuring the Surface Tension of Atmospheric Particles and Relevant Mixtures to Better Understand Key Atmospheric Processes. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39177157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol and aqueous particles are ubiquitous in Earth's atmosphere and play key roles in geochemical processes such as natural chemical cycles, cloud and fog formation, air pollution, visibility, climate forcing, etc. The surface tension of atmospheric particles can affect their size distribution, condensational growth, evaporation, and exchange of chemicals with the atmosphere, which, in turn, are important in the above-mentioned geochemical processes. However, because measuring this quantity is challenging, its role in atmospheric processes was dismissed for decades. Over the last 15 years, this field of research has seen some tremendous developments and is rapidly evolving. This review presents the state-of-the-art of this subject focusing on the experimental approaches. It also presents a unique inventory of experimental adsorption isotherms for over 130 mixtures of organic compounds in water of relevance for model development and validation. Potential future areas of research seeking to better determine the surface tension of atmospheric particles, better constrain laboratory investigations, or better understand the role of surface tension in various atmospheric processes, are discussed. We hope that this review appeals not only to atmospheric scientists but also to researchers from other fields, who could help identify new approaches and solutions to the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella El Haber
- Institut de Recherches sur l'Environnement et la Catalyse de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS and Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Violaine Gérard
- Institut de Recherches sur l'Environnement et la Catalyse de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS and Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Judith Kleinheins
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Institut de Recherches sur l'Environnement et la Catalyse de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS and Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Barbara Nozière
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 114 28, Sweden
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Burdette TC, Bramblett RL, Zimmermann K, Frossard AA. Influence of Air Mass Source Regions on Signatures of Surface-Active Organic Molecules in Size Resolved Atmospheric Aerosol Particles. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1578-1591. [PMID: 37609122 PMCID: PMC10441572 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles depend on their sources and lifetime in the atmosphere. In coastal regions, sources may include influences from marine, continental, anthropogenic, and natural emissions. In this study, particles in ten diameter-size ranges were collected, and particle number size distributions were measured, at Skidaway Island, GA in May and June 2018. Based on air mass back trajectories and concentrations of major ions in the particles, the air mass source regions were identified as Marine Influenced, Mixed, and Continental Influenced. Organic molecules were extracted from the particles using solid-phase extraction and characterized using tensiometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The presence of surfactants was confirmed in the extracts through the observation of significant surface tension depressions. The organic formulas contained high hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) and low oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios, similar to surfactants and lipid-like molecules. In the Marine Influenced particles, the fraction of formulas identified as surfactant-like was negatively correlated with minimum surface tensions; as the surfactant fraction increased, the surface tension decreased. Analyses of fatty acid compounds demonstrated that organic compounds extracted from the Marine Influenced particles had the highest carbon numbers (18), compared to those of the Mixed (15) and Continental Influenced (9) particles. This suggests that the fatty acids in the Continental Influenced particles may have been more aged in the atmosphere and undergone fragmentation. This is one of the first studies to measure the chemical and physical properties of surfactants in size-resolved particles from different air mass source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tret C. Burdette
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30606, United States
| | - Rachel L. Bramblett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30606, United States
| | - Kathryn Zimmermann
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30043, United States
| | - Amanda A. Frossard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30606, United States
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3
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Hartery S, MacInnis J, Chang RYW. Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate on the Production of Cloud Condensation Nuclei from Breaking Waves. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2944-2954. [PMID: 36561195 PMCID: PMC9762400 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While sea spray particles are highly soluble by nature, and are thus excellent seeds for nascent cloud droplets, organic compounds such as surfactants have previously been identified within aerosol particles, bulk seawater, and the sea-surface microlayer in various oceans and seas. As the presence of dissolved surfactants within spray particles may limit their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and since the abundance of CCN available during cloud formation is known to affect cloud albedo, the presence of surfactants in the marine environment can affect the local radiation balance. In this work, we added a model surfactant commonly used in households and industry (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS) to a control solution of NaCl and observed its effects on the number of CCN produced by artificial breaking waves. We found that the addition of SDBS modified the number of CCN produced by a breaking wave analogue in three main ways: (I) by reducing the hygroscopicity of the resulting particulate; (II) by producing finer particulates than the control NaCl solution; and (III) by reducing the total number of particles produced overall. In addition, measurements of the absorption of ultraviolet light (λ = 224 nm) were used to quantify the concentration of SDBS in bulk water samples and aerosol extracts. We found that SDBS was significantly enriched in aerosol extracts relative to the bulk water even when the concentration of SDBS in the bulk water was below the limit of detection (LOD) of our quantitation methods. Thus, the surfactant studied will influence the production of CCN even when present in minute concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John MacInnis
- Department of Physics &
Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2J5, Canada
| | - Rachel Y.-W. Chang
- Department of Physics &
Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2J5, Canada
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Gérard V, Noziere B, Fine L, Ferronato C, Singh DK, Frossard AA, Cohen RC, Asmi E, Lihavainen H, Kivekäs N, Aurela M, Brus D, Frka S, Cvitešić Kušan A. Concentrations and Adsorption Isotherms for Amphiphilic Surfactants in PM 1 Aerosols from Different Regions of Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12379-12388. [PMID: 31553874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the activation of submicrometer particles into cloud droplets in the atmosphere remains a challenge. The importance of surface tension, σ (mN m-1), in these processes has been evidenced by several works, but information on the "surfactants" lowering σ in actual atmospheric particles remains scarce. In this work, PM1 aerosols from urban, coastal, and remote regions of Europe (Lyon, France, Rogoznica, Croatia, and Pallas, Finland, respectively) were investigated and found to contain amphiphilic surfactants in concentrations up to 2.8 μg m-3 in the air and 1.3 M in the particle dry volume. In Pallas, correlations with the PM1 chemical composition showed that amphiphilic surfactants were present in the entire range of particle sizes, supporting recent works. This implied that they were present in hundreds to thousands of particles cm-3 and not only in a few large particles, as it has been hypothesized. Their adsorption isotherms and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined. The low CMC obtained (3 × 10-5-9 × 10-3 M) implies that surface tension depression should be significant for all the particles containing these compounds, even at activation (growth factor ∼ 10). Amphiphilic surfactants are thus likely to enhance the CCN ability of submicrometer atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Gérard
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS , Université Lyon 1 , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Barbara Noziere
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS , Université Lyon 1 , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Ludovic Fine
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS , Université Lyon 1 , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Corinne Ferronato
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS , Université Lyon 1 , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Singh
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS , Université Lyon 1 , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Amanda A Frossard
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Eija Asmi
- Atmospheric Composition Research , Finnish Meteorological Institute , 00101 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heikki Lihavainen
- Atmospheric Composition Research , Finnish Meteorological Institute , 00101 Helsinki , Finland
- Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System , 9171 Longyearbyen , Norway
| | - Niku Kivekäs
- Atmospheric Composition Research , Finnish Meteorological Institute , 00101 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Minna Aurela
- Atmospheric Composition Research , Finnish Meteorological Institute , 00101 Helsinki , Finland
| | - David Brus
- Atmospheric Composition Research , Finnish Meteorological Institute , 00101 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb 10000 , Croatia
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Frossard AA, Gérard V, Duplessis P, Kinsey JD, Lu X, Zhu Y, Bisgrove J, Maben JR, Long MS, Chang RYW, Beaupré SR, Kieber DJ, Keene WC, Nozière B, Cohen RC. Properties of Seawater Surfactants Associated with Primary Marine Aerosol Particles Produced by Bursting Bubbles at a Model Air-Sea Interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9407-9417. [PMID: 31329419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants account for minor fractions of total organic carbon in the ocean but can significantly influence the production of primary marine aerosol particles (PMA) at the sea surface via modulation of bubble surface tension. During September and October 2016, model PMA (mPMA) were produced from seawater by bursting bubbles at two biologically productive and two oligotrophic stations in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Total concentrations of surfactants extracted from mPMA and seawater were quantified and characterized via measurements of surface tension isotherms and critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). Surfactant CMCs in biologically productive seawater were lower than those in the oligotrophic seawater suggesting that surfactant mixtures in the two regions were chemically distinct. mPMA surfactants were enriched in all regions relative to those in the associated seawater. Surface tension isotherms indicate that mPMA surfactants were weaker than corresponding seawater surfactants. mPMA from biologically productive seawater contained higher concentrations of surfactants than those produced from oligotrophic seawater, supporting the hypothesis that seawater surfactant properties modulate mPMA surfactant concentrations. Diel variability in concentrations of seawater and mPMA surfactants in some regions is consistent with biological and/or photochemical processing. This work demonstrates direct links between surfactants in mPMA and those in the associated seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Frossard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Violaine Gérard
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , CNRS, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne 69626 , France
| | - Patrick Duplessis
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Joanna D Kinsey
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences , Quinnipiac University , Hamden , Connecticut 06518 , United States
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11790 , United States
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - John Bisgrove
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - John R Maben
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22903 , United States
| | - Michael S Long
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Rachel Y-W Chang
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Steven R Beaupré
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11790 , United States
| | - David J Kieber
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - William C Keene
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22903 , United States
| | - Barbara Nozière
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , CNRS, Université Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne 69626 , France
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Azeem HA, Tolcha T, Hyberg PE, Essén S, Stenström K, Swietlicki E, Sandahl M. Extending the scope of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for trace analysis of 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid in atmospheric aerosols leading to the discovery of iron(III) complexes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2937-2944. [PMID: 30931501 PMCID: PMC6522453 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) is a secondary organic aerosol and can be used as a unique emission marker of biogenic emissions of monoterpenes. Seasonal variations and differences in vegetation cover around the world may lead to low atmospheric MBTCA concentrations, in many cases too low to be measured. Hence, an important tool to quantify the contribution of terrestrial vegetation to the loading of secondary organic aerosol may be compromised. To meet this challenge, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, known for the extraction of hydrophobic compounds, was extended to the extraction of polar organic compounds like MBTCA without compromising the efficiency of the method. The extraction solvent was fine-tuned using tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide as additive. A multivariate experimental design was applied for deeper understanding of significant variables and interactions between them. The optimum extraction conditions included 1-octanol with 15% tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (w/w) as extraction solvent, methanol as dispersive solvent, 25% NaCl dissolved in 5 mL sample (w/w) acidified to pH 2 using HNO3, and extraction time of 15 min. A limit of detection of 0.12 pg/m3 in air was achieved. Furthermore, unique complexation behavior of MBTCA with iron(III) was found when analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–QToF). A comprehensive overview of this complexation behavior of MBTCA was examined with systematically designed experiments. This newly discovered behavior of MBTCA will be of interest for further research on organometallic photooxidation chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. a) Additive assisted DLLME and MBTCA complexes with Fe(III), b) A good quality figure is attached in ppt format to facilitate editable objects ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Petter Ekman Hyberg
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Essén
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Stenström
- Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Swietlicki
- Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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