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Neutrophils and Macrophages as Targets for Development of Nanotherapeutics in Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121222. [PMID: 33348630 PMCID: PMC7766591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are major components of innate systems, playing central roles in inflammation responses to infections and tissue injury. If they are out of control, inflammation responses can cause the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, such as inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Precisely regulating the functions of neutrophils and macrophages in vivo is a potential strategy to develop immunotherapies to treat inflammatory diseases. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled us to design nanoparticles capable of targeting neutrophils or macrophages in vivo. This review discusses the current status of how nanoparticles specifically target neutrophils or macrophages and how they manipulate leukocyte functions to inhibit their activation for inflammation resolution or to restore their defense ability for pathogen clearance. Finally, we present a novel concept of hijacking leukocytes to deliver nanotherapeutics across the blood vessel barrier. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities in developing nanotherapeutics to target leukocytes for improved treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Sooklert K, Boonwong C, Ekpo P, Rojanathanes R, Patarakul K, Chirathaworn C, Thamakaison S, Sereemaspun A. Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Induced by Leptospira in TLR2-Overexpressed HEK293 Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122522. [PMID: 33339106 PMCID: PMC7765485 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Leptospira infection can cause potential hazards to human health by stimulating inflammation, which is mediated mainly through the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising for medical applications, as they display both bioinert and noncytotoxic characteristics. AuNPs have been shown to have the ability to modify immune responses. To understand the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of AuNPs in a Leptospira infection model, the activation of TLR2 expression was examined in HEK-Blue-hTLR2 cells treated with Leptospira serovars and/or AuNPs (10 and 20 nm). The ability of AuNPs to modulate an inflammatory response induced by Leptospira was examined in terms of transcript expression level modulation of three proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) using two-stage quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The results revealed that the administration of 10 nm AuNPs could augment the Leptospira-induced TLR2 signaling response and upregulate the expression of all three cytokine gene transcripts, whereas the 20 nm AuNPs attenuated the TLR2 activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. This indicates that AuNPs can modulate inflammatory parameters in Leptospira infection and different-sized AuNPs had different immunomodulatory functions in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanidta Sooklert
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Chawikan Boonwong
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.E.)
| | - Pattama Ekpo
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.E.)
| | - Rojrit Rojanathanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.); (C.C.)
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Sasin Thamakaison
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Amornpun Sereemaspun
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(66)9-6569-8859
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Wang L, Zhang H, Sun L, Gao W, Xiong Y, Ma A, Liu X, Shen L, Li Q, Yang H. Manipulation of macrophage polarization by peptide-coated gold nanoparticles and its protective effects on acute lung injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:38. [PMID: 32101146 PMCID: PMC7045427 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage polarization and reprogramming in the lung play a critical role in the initiation, development and progression of acute lung injury (ALI). Regulating the activation and differentiation of pulmonary macrophages may provide a potential therapeutic strategy to treat ALI. We previously developed a novel class of anti-inflammatory nanoparticles (P12) that can potently inhibit Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages. These bioactive nanodevices were made of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with hexapeptides to not only ensure their physiological stability but also enable GNPs with TLR inhibitory activity. Results In this study, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI mouse model, we showed that P12 was able to alleviate lung inflammation and damage through reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the lung. These results prompted us to investigate possible macrophage polarization by P12. We first confirmed that P12 primarily targeted macrophages in the lung to exert anti-inflammatory activity. We then showed that P12 could drive the polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Interestingly, in the ALI mouse model, P12 was able to increase the alveolar M2 macrophages and reduce both the alveolar and interstitial M1 macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues. Conclusion This study demonstrated that peptide-coated GNPs could induce M2 macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo to effectively regulate lung inflammation, protect lung from injuries and promote inflammation resolution. The ability of regulating macrophage polarization together with TLR inhibition made such a bioactive nanodevice a new generation of potent therapeutics to treat ALI.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liya Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Aying Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiali Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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