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d'Isa R, Gerlai R. Designing animal-friendly behavioral tests for neuroscience research: The importance of an ethological approach. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1090248. [PMID: 36703720 PMCID: PMC9871504 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele d'Isa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience (DNS), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Aloum L, Alefishat E, Shaya J, Petroianu GA. Remedia Sternutatoria over the Centuries: TRP Mediation. Molecules 2021; 26:1627. [PMID: 33804078 PMCID: PMC7998681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sneezing (sternutatio) is a poorly understood polysynaptic physiologic reflex phenomenon. Sneezing has exerted a strange fascination on humans throughout history, and induced sneezing was widely used by physicians for therapeutic purposes, on the assumption that sneezing eliminates noxious factors from the body, mainly from the head. The present contribution examines the various mixtures used for inducing sneezes (remedia sternutatoria) over the centuries. The majority of the constituents of the sneeze-inducing remedies are modulators of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The TRP channel superfamily consists of large heterogeneous groups of channels that play numerous physiological roles such as thermosensation, chemosensation, osmosensation and mechanosensation. Sneezing is associated with the activation of the wasabi receptor, (TRPA1), typical ligand is allyl isothiocyanate and the hot chili pepper receptor, (TRPV1), typical agonist is capsaicin, in the vagal sensory nerve terminals, activated by noxious stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Aloum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (E.A.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Janah Shaya
- Pre-Medicine Bridge Program, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Georg A. Petroianu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.); (E.A.)
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Yeh TY, Luo IW, Hsieh YL, Tseng TJ, Chiang H, Hsieh ST. Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: From Experimental Models to Potential Therapeutic Targets in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122725. [PMID: 33371371 PMCID: PMC7767346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain exerts a global burden caused by the lesions in the somatosensory nerve system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. The mechanisms of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain involve multiple mechanisms, various signaling pathways, and molecules. Currently, poor efficacy is the major limitation of medications for treating neuropathic pain. Thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms should shed light on the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. Several well-established in vivo pain models were used to investigate the detail mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain. Molecular mediators of pain are regulated differentially in various forms of neuropathic pain models; these regulators include purinergic receptors, transient receptor potential receptor channels, and voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Meanwhile, post-translational modification and transcriptional regulation are also altered in these pain models and have been reported to mediate several pain related molecules. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms and mediators of neuropathic pain with their corresponding transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification underlying peripheral sensitization in the dorsal root ganglia. Taken together, these molecular mediators and their modification and regulations provide excellent targets for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - I-Wei Luo
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hostpital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | | | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brian and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88182); Fax: +886-223915292
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Koren-Iton A, Salomon-Zimri S, Smolar A, Shavit-Stein E, Dori A, Chapman J, Michaelson DM. Central and Peripheral Mechanisms in ApoE4-Driven Diabetic Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1289. [PMID: 32075060 PMCID: PMC7072920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prime risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite evidence linking T2DM and apoE4, the mechanism underlying their interaction is yet to be determined. In the present study, we employed a model of APOE-targeted replacement mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance to investigate diabetic mechanisms associated with apoE4 pathology and the extent to which they are driven by peripheral and central processes. Results obtained revealed an intriguing pattern, in which under basal conditions, apoE4 mice display impaired glucose and insulin tolerance and decreased insulin secretion, as well as cognitive and sensorimotor characteristics relative to apoE3 mice, while the HFD impairs apoE3 mice without significantly affecting apoE4 mice. Measurements of weight and fasting blood glucose levels increased in a time-dependent manner following the HFD, though no effect of genotype was observed. Interestingly, sciatic electrophysiological and skin intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) peripheral measurements were not affected by the APOE genotype or HFD, suggesting that the observed sensorimotor and cognitive phenotypes are related to central nervous system processes. Indeed, measurements of hippocampal insulin receptor and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation revealed a pattern similar to that obtained in the behavioral measurements while Akt activation presented a dominant effect of diet. HFD manipulation induced genotype-independent hyperlipidation of apoE, and reduced levels of brain apoE in apoE3 mice, rendering them similar to apoE4 mice, whose brain apoE levels were not affected by the diet. No such effect was observed in the peripheral plasma levels of apoE, suggesting that the pathological effects of apoE4 under the control diet and apoE3 under HFD conditions are related to the decreased levels of brain apoE. Taken together, our data suggests that diabetic mechanisms play an important role in mediating the pathological effects of apoE4 and that consequently, diabetic-related therapy may be useful in treating apoE4 pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Koren-Iton
- Department of Neurobiology, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.K.-I.); (S.S.-Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Shiran Salomon-Zimri
- Department of Neurobiology, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.K.-I.); (S.S.-Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Alex Smolar
- Department of Neurobiology, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.K.-I.); (S.S.-Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5261, Israel; (E.S.-S.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5261, Israel; (E.S.-S.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5261, Israel; (E.S.-S.); (A.D.); (J.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel M. Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.K.-I.); (S.S.-Z.); (A.S.)
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Lin CL, Chang CH, Chang YS, Lu SC, Hsieh YL. Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prevents mechanical allodynia in resiniferatoxin neuropathy in a mouse model. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039511. [PMID: 30578250 PMCID: PMC6361210 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized microdomains which have cholesterol-rich membrane regions contain transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) are involved in pain development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) – a membrane-bound ectonucleotidase – and disordered adenosine signaling reduce the antinociceptive effect. The role of membrane integrity in the PAP-mediated antinociceptive effect in small-fiber neuropathy remains unclear, especially with respect to whether TRPV1 and PAP are colocalized in the same microdomain which is responsible for PAP-mediated antinociception. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on the dorsal root ganglion to identify the membrane compositions, and pharmacological interventions were conducted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβC) – a membrane integrity disruptor that works by depleting cholesterol – in pure small-fiber neuropathy with resiniferatoxin (RTX). Immunohistochemical evidence indicated that TRPV1 and PAP were highly colocalized with flotillin 1 (66.7%±9.7%) and flotillin 2 (73.7%±6.0%), which reside in part in the microdomain. MβC mildly depleted PAP, which maintained the ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and delayed the development of mechanical allodynia. MβC treatment had no role in thermal transduction and neuronal injury following RTX neuropathy. In summary, this study demonstrated the following: (1) membrane cholesterol depletion preserves PAP-mediated antinociception through PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis and (2) pain hypersensitivity that develops after TRPV1(+) neuron depletion-mediated neurodegeneration following RTX neuropathy is attributable to the downregulation of PAP analgesic signaling. Summary: The role and mechanism of cholesterol-rich membrane integrity in pain development for small-fiber neuropathy remains unclear. Depletion of membrane cholesterol contents preserves functional PAP profiles and the antinociceptive effect after RTX neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Chin Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Ultrastructural Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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