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Yan H, Miranda EAD, Jin S, Wilson F, An K, Godbee B, Zheng X, Brau-Rodríguez AR, Lei L. Primary oocytes with cellular senescence features are involved in ovarian aging in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574768. [PMID: 38260383 PMCID: PMC10802418 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In mammalian females, quiescent primordial follicles serve as the ovarian reserve and sustain normal ovarian function and egg production via folliculogenesis. The loss of primordial follicles causes ovarian aging. Cellular senescence, characterized by cell cycle arrest and production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), is associated with tissue aging. In the present study, we report that some quiescent primary oocytes in primordial follicles become senescent in adult mouse ovaries. The senescent primary oocytes share senescence markers characterized in senescent somatic cells. The senescent primary oocytes were observed in young adult mouse ovaries, remained at approximately 15% of the total primary oocytes during ovarian aging from 6 months to 12 months, and accumulated in aged ovaries. Administration of a senolytic drug ABT263 to 3-month-old mice reduced the percentage of senescent primary oocytes and the transcription of the SASP cytokines in the ovary. In addition, led to increased numbers of primordial and total follicles and a higher rate of oocyte maturation and female fertility. Our study provides experimental evidence that primary oocytes, a germline cell type that is arrested in meiosis, become senescent in adult mouse ovaries and that senescent cell clearance reduced primordial follicle loss and mitigated ovarian aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Edgar Andres Diaz Miranda
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Shiying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Faith Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Kang An
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Brooke Godbee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
- College of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
| | - Astrid Roshealy Brau-Rodríguez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211
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Walsh PT, Martínez-Marchal A, Brieño-Enríquez MA. Culture of the Intact Postnatal Naked Mole-Rat Ovary: From Meiotic Prophase to Single-Cell RNASeq. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2818:179-194. [PMID: 39126475 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3906-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that, in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) ovary, there is mitotic expansion of the primordial germ cells (PGCs), and the initiation of the meiotic program occurs postnatally. This is opposite to almost all other mammals, including humans and mice, whose reproductive cycle begins very early in development. In both mouse and human, the ovaries become populated with PGCs in utero; these PGCs will later generate the oogonia. After mitotic proliferation, these cells will trigger the meiotic program and initiate meiotic prophase I. Given that all these processes happen in utero, their analysis has been very challenging; so the ability to study them postnatally and to manipulate them with inhibitors or other substances, in the naked mole-rat, opens new possibilities in the field. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive collection of protocols that permit the culture of whole naked mole-rat ovaries, followed by analysis of germ cells, from PGCs to oocytes, in meiotic prophase I, as well the obtention of single-cell suspension or single-nuclei suspension for RNASeq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Walsh
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana Martínez-Marchal
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Brieño-Enríquez
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Xu LY, Wu WT, Bi N, Yan ZJ, Yang F, Yang WJ, Yang JS. A cytological revisit on parthenogenetic Artemia and the deficiency of a meiosis-specific recombinase DMC1 in the possible transition from bisexuality to parthenogenesis. Chromosoma 2023:10.1007/s00412-023-00790-x. [PMID: 36939898 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Although parthenogenesis is widespread in nature and known to have close relationships with bisexuality, the transitional mechanism is poorly understood. Artemia is an ideal model to address this issue because bisexuality and "contagious" obligate parthenogenesis independently exist in its congeneric members. In the present study, we first performed chromosome spreading and immunofluorescence to compare meiotic processes of Artemia adopting two distinct reproductive ways. The results showed that, unlike conventional meiosis in bisexual Artemia, meiosis II in parthenogenic Artemia is entirely absent and anaphase I is followed by a single mitosis-like equational division. Interspecific comparative transcriptomics showed that two central molecules in homologous recombination (HR), Dmc1 and Rad51, exhibited significantly higher expression in bisexual versus parthenogenetic Artemia. qRT-PCR indicated that the expression of both genes peaked at the early oogenesis and gradually decreased afterward. Knocking-down by RNAi of Dmc1 in unfertilized females of bisexual Artemia resulted in a severe deficiency of homologous chromosome pairing and produced univalents at the middle oogenesis stage, which was similar to that of parthenogenic Artemia, while in contrast, silencing Rad51 led to no significant chromosome morphological change. Our results indicated that Dmc1 is vital for HR in bisexual Artemia, and the deficiency of Dmc1 may be correlated with or even possibly one of core factors in the transition from bisexuality to parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ying Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Ma H, Li T, Xie X, Jiang L, Ye J, Gong C, Jiang H, Fan S, Zhang H, Shi B, Zhang B, Jiang X, Li Y, Zhou J, Xu J, Zhang X, Hou X, Yin H, Zhang Y, Shi Q. RAD51AP2 is required for efficient meiotic recombination between X and Y chromosomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk1789. [PMID: 35020426 PMCID: PMC8754306 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Faithful segregation of X and Y chromosomes requires meiotic recombination to form a crossover between them in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). Unlike autosomes that have approximately 10-fold more double-strand breaks (DSBs) than crossovers, one crossover must be formed from the one or two DSBs in PARs, implying the existence of a sex chromosome–specific recombination mechanism. Here, we found that RAD51AP2, a meiosis-specific partner of RAD51, is specifically required for the crossover formation on the XY chromosomes, but not autosomes. The decreased crossover formation between X and Y chromosomes in Rad51ap2 mutant mice results from compromised DSB repair in PARs due to destabilization of recombination intermediates rather than defects in DSB generation or synapsis. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence that XY recombination may use a PAR-specific DSB repair mechanism mediated by factors that are not essential for recombination on autosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Yin
- Corresponding author. (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | | | - Qinghua Shi
- Corresponding author. (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
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Bergero R, Ellis P, Haerty W, Larcombe L, Macaulay I, Mehta T, Mogensen M, Murray D, Nash W, Neale MJ, O'Connor R, Ottolini C, Peel N, Ramsey L, Skinner B, Suh A, Summers M, Sun Y, Tidy A, Rahbari R, Rathje C, Immler S. Meiosis and beyond - understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:822-841. [PMID: 33615674 PMCID: PMC8246768 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The separation of germ cell populations from the soma is part of the evolutionary transition to multicellularity. Only genetic information present in the germ cells will be inherited by future generations, and any molecular processes affecting the germline genome are therefore likely to be passed on. Despite its prevalence across taxonomic kingdoms, we are only starting to understand details of the underlying micro-evolutionary processes occurring at the germline genome level. These include segregation, recombination, mutation and selection and can occur at any stage during germline differentiation and mitotic germline proliferation to meiosis and post-meiotic gamete maturation. Selection acting on germ cells at any stage from the diploid germ cell to the haploid gametes may cause significant deviations from Mendelian inheritance and may be more widespread than previously assumed. The mechanisms that affect and potentially alter the genomic sequence and allele frequencies in the germline are pivotal to our understanding of heritability. With the rise of new sequencing technologies, we are now able to address some of these unanswered questions. In this review, we comment on the most recent developments in this field and identify current gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JTU.K.
| | - Peter Ellis
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | | | - Lee Larcombe
- Applied Exomics LtdStevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenageSG1 2FXU.K.
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Tarang Mehta
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Mette Mogensen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - David Murray
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - Will Nash
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Matthew J. Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9RHU.K.
| | | | | | - Ned Peel
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Luke Ramsey
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAU.K.
| | - Ben Skinner
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQU.K.
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
- Department of Organismal BiologyUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DUppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Michael Summers
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
- The Bridge Centre1 St Thomas Street, London BridgeLondonSE1 9RYU.K.
| | - Yu Sun
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, Colney LnNorwichNR4 7UGU.K.
| | - Alison Tidy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Plant Science, Sutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDU.K.
| | | | - Claudia Rathje
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | - Simone Immler
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
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Little TM, Jordan PW. PLK1 is required for chromosome compaction and microtubule organization in mouse oocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1206-1217. [PMID: 32267211 PMCID: PMC7353151 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Errors during meiotic resumption in oocytes can result in chromosome missegregation and infertility. Several cell cycle kinases have been linked with roles in coordinating events during meiotic resumption, including polo-like kinases (PLKs). Mammals express four kinase-proficient PLKs (PLK1-4). Previous studies assessing the role of PLK1 have relied on RNA knockdown and kinase inhibition approaches, as Plk1 null mutations are embryonically lethal. To further assess the roles of PLK1 during meiotic resumption, we developed a Plk1 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse to specifically mutate Plk1 in oocytes. Despite normal oocyte numbers and follicle maturation, Plk1 cKO mice were infertile. From analysis of meiotic resumption, Plk1 cKO oocytes underwent nuclear envelope breakdown with the same timing as control oocytes. However, Plk1 cKO oocytes failed to form compact bivalent chromosomes, and localization of cohesin and condensin were defective. Furthermore, Plk1 cKO oocytes either failed to organize α-tubulin or developed an abnormally small bipolar spindle. These abnormalities were attributed to aberrant release of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) linker protein, C-NAP1, and the failure to recruit MTOC components and liquid-like spindle domain (LISD) factors. Ultimately, these defects result in meiosis I arrest before homologous chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Little
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Philip W. Jordan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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