1
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Luongo M, Laurenziello P, Cesta G, Bochicchio AM, Omer LC, Falco G, Milone MR, Cibarelli F, Russi S, Laurino S. The molecular conversations of sarcomas: exosomal non-coding RNAs in tumor's biology and their translational prospects. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:172. [PMID: 39174949 PMCID: PMC11340101 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk involving a variety of biomolecules through an intricate signaling network. In recent years, the pivotal role of exosomes and their non-coding RNAs cargo in the development and progression of several cancer types clearly emerged. In particular, tumor bulk and its microenvironment co-evolve through cellular communications where these nanosized extracellular vesicles are among the most relevant actors. Knowledge about the cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved in these communications will pave the way for novel exosome-based delivery of therapeutic RNAs as well as innovative prognostic/diagnostic tools. Despite the valuable therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of exosomes, their role on sarcoma has been vaguely reported because the rarity and high heterogeneity of this type of cancer. Here, we dissected the scientific literature to unravel the multifaceted role of exosomal non-coding RNAs as mediator of cell-to-cell communications in the sarcoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Luongo
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Laurenziello
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesta
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bochicchio
- Experimental Oncology Unit, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Ludmila Carmen Omer
- Experimental Oncology Unit, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy.
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS CROB Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028, Italy
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2
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Ye H, Hu X, Wen Y, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Min L. Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of sarcoma: from biological functions to clinical applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:403. [PMID: 36064358 PMCID: PMC9446729 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The current diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma continue to show limited timeliness and efficacy. In order to enable the early detection and management of sarcoma, increasing attentions have been given to the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is a dynamic network composed of multiple cells, extracellular matrix, vasculature, and exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles derived from various cells in the TME. The major function of exosomes is to promote cancer progress and metastasis through mediating bidirectional cellular communications between sarcoma cells and TME cells. Due to the content specificity, cell tropism, and bioavailability, exosomes have been regarded as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic vehicles for sarcoma. This review summarizes recent studies on the roles of exosomes in TME of sarcoma, and explores the emerging clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Ye
- West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Li Min
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Zhu T, Han J, Yang L, Cai Z, Sun W, Hua Y, Xu J. Immune Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: Components, Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907550. [PMID: 35720360 PMCID: PMC9198725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that tends to threaten children and adolescents, and the 5-year event-free survival rate has not improved significantly in the past three decades, bringing grief and economic burden to patients and society. To date, the genetic background and oncogenesis mechanisms of osteosarcoma remain unclear, impeding further research. The tumor immune microenvironment has become a recent research hot spot, providing novel but valuable insight into tumor heterogeneity and multifaceted mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma has been vigorously discussed, and the landscape of immune and non-immune component infiltration has been intensively investigated. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the classification, features, and functions of the main infiltrating cells, complement system, and exosomes in the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment. In each section, we also highlight the complex crosstalk network among them and the corresponding potential therapeutic strategies and clinical applications to deepen our understanding of osteosarcoma and provide a reference for imminent effective therapies with reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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4
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Yang Q, Liu J, Wu B, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhu D. Role of extracellular vesicles in osteosarcoma. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1216-1226. [PMID: 35928720 PMCID: PMC9346389 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.74137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor characterized by the direct production of osteoid tissue from tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix, which exist widely in various body fluids and cell supernatants, and stably carry some important signaling molecules. They are involved in cell communication, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumor cell growth. Increasing evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles play a significant role in osteosarcoma development, progression, and metastatic process, indicating that extracellular vesicles can be use as biomarker vehicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. This review discusses the basic biological characteristics of extracellular vesicles and focuses on their application in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The first clinical medical college of Bin Zhou Medical College, Street Huanghe 661, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
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5
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Yang L, Huang X, Guo H, Wang L, Yang W, Wu W, Jing D, Shao Z. Exosomes as Efficient Nanocarriers in Osteosarcoma: Biological Functions and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737314. [PMID: 34712664 PMCID: PMC8546119 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Although localized osteosarcoma has an overall survival of >70% in the clinic, metastatic, refractory, and recurrent osteosarcoma have poorer survival rates. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells and originally thought to be a way for cells to discard unwanted products. Currently, exosomes have been reported to be involved in intercellular cross-talk and induce changes in cellular behavior by transferring cargoes (proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids) between cells. Exosomes regulate osteosarcoma progression, and processes such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Increasing evidences shows that exosomes have significant potential in promoting osteosarcoma progression and development. In this review, we describe the current research status of exosomes in osteosarcoma, focusing on the biological functions of osteosarcoma exosomes as well as their application in osteosarcoma as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lutong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Doudou Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Chang X, Ma Z, Zhu G, Lu Y, Yang J. New perspective into mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular mechanisms regulating osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2021; 29:100372. [PMID: 34258182 PMCID: PMC8254115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of osteosarcoma cells from osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells remains controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the development of osteosarcoma by influencing the tumor microenvironment and mediating cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes secreted by them can be used as good genes and drug carriers for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Mesenchymal stem cells from different tissue sources have different regulatory effects on the development of osteosarcoma.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with significant potential for regenerative medicine. The tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma is an intricate system and MSCs act as an indispensable part of this, interacting with the tumor microenvironment (TME) during the process. MSCs link to cells by acting on each component in the TME via autocrine or paracrine extracellular vesicles for cellular communication. Because of their unique characteristics, MSCs can be modified and processed into good biological carriers, loaded with drugs, and transfected with anticancer genes for the targeted treatment of osteosarcoma. Previous high-quality reviews have described the biological characteristics of MSCs; this review will discuss the effects of MSCs on the components of the TME and cellular communication and the prospects for clinical applications of MSCs.
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Key Words
- 3TSR, Three type 1 repeats
- 5 FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AD-MSCs, Adipose-derived MSCs
- AQP1, Aquaporin-1
- BMSC-derived exosomes, BMSC-Exos
- BMSCs, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
- CAFs, Carcinoma-associated-fibroblasts
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CSF, Colony-stimulating factor
- Cellular communication
- Clinical application
- DOX, Doxorubicin
- DP-MSCs, Dental pulp-derived MSCs, hUC-MSCs, Human umbilical cord MSCs
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- EVs, Extracellular vesicles
- GBM, Glioblastoma
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- LINE-1, Long interspersing element 1
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MSC-Exos, MSC-derived exosomes
- MSC-MVs, MSC microvesicles
- MSCs
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- OS, osteosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- PDGFRα, Platelet derived growth factor receptor α
- PDGFRβ, Platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PDGFα, Platelet derived growth factor α
- S TRAIL, Secretable variant of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- SD-MSCs, stressed MSCs
- SDF-1, Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TME
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRA2B, Transformer 2β
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- hASCs, human adipose stem cells
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- yCD::UPRT, Yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyl transferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Guomao Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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7
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Sari AS, Demirçay E, Öztürk A, Terzi A, Karaöz E. The promising effects of BMP2 transfected mesenchymal stem cells on human osteosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:301-313. [PMID: 34377054 PMCID: PMC8313938 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2101-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carrying specific antioncogenes to the tumor was suggested as a treatment option. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) was shown to inhibit the proliferation and aggressiveness of osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Here, we aimed to assess the homing efficiency of intraperitoneally administered hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
to the tumoral site and their effects on OS using an orthotopic xenograft murine model. Orthotopic xenograft murine model of OS in six-week-old female NOD/SCID mice using 143B cells was established. hMSCs transfected with
BMP2
(BMP2+hMSC) were used. In vivo experiments performed on four groups of mice that received no treatment, or intraperitoneally administered BMP2, hMSCs, and BMP2+hMSCs. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were used to evaluate the pathological identification and to assess the dimensions and necrotic foci of the tumor, the features of lung metastases, and immunostaining against p27, Ki-67, and caspase-3 antibodies. The osteogenic differentiation markers BMP2, BMP4, COL1A1, OPN, OCN and PF4 evaluated using RT-PCR. The tumor dimensions in the hMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the remaining groups (p < 0.01). The number of metastatic foci in the BMP2+hMSCs group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.01). The current results showed that the intraperitoneal route could be efficiently used for targeting hMSCs to the tumoral tissues for effective BMP2 delivery. In this study, the effects of BMP2 transfected hMSCs on human OS and metastasis were promising for achieving osteogenic differentiation and reduced metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sinan Sari
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Emre Demirçay
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ayşen Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli Turkey.,Istinye University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul Turkey.,Istinye University, Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice, İstanbul Turkey.,Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul Turkey
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8
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Zhang XB, Zhang RH, Su X, Qi J, Hu YC, Shi JT, Zhang K, Wang KP, Zhou HY. Exosomes in osteosarcoma research and preclinical practice. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:882-897. [PMID: 33841628 PMCID: PMC8014357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare soft-tissue malignant tumor with high lung metastasis and mortality rates. Preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection of the lesion and postoperative chemotherapy are still the main treatments for osteosarcoma. The prognosis, however, is poor for patients with nonresectable, primary metastatic or relapsed disease. Recent studies have shown that targeted therapy for OS based on the characteristics of exosomes is very attractive. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in cell-to-cell communication by transporting biologically active cargo molecules, causing changes in OS cell function and playing important roles in OS disease progression. With the characteristics of secretory cells, exosomes transport cargo (e.g., microRNAs) that can be used to detect the progress of a disease and can serve as markers and/or therapeutic targets for clinical diagnosis of OS. In this review, the roles of exosomes in OS pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, diagnosis and treatment are summarized. In addition, this article elaborates a series of challenges to overcome before exosomes are applied in clinical practice and provides suggestions based on current evidence for the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Province People’s HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Xigu District People’s HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Xigu District People’s HospitalLanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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9
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Razzo BM, Ludwig N, Hong CS, Sharma P, Fabian KP, Fecek RJ, Storkus WJ, Whiteside TL. Tumor-derived exosomes promote carcinogenesis of murine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:625-633. [PMID: 31245809 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) interact with a variety of cells in cancer-bearing hosts, leading to cellular reprogramming which promotes disease progression. To study TEX effects on the development of solid tumors, immunosuppressive exosomes carrying PD-L1 and FasL were isolated from supernatants of murine or human HNSCC cell lines. TEX were delivered (IV) to immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing premalignant oral/esophageal lesions induced by the carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Progression of the premalignant oropharyngeal lesions to malignant tumors was monitored. A single TEX injection increased the number of developing tumors (6.2 versus 3.2 in control mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline; P < 0.0002) and overall tumor burden per mouse (P < 0.037). The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the developing tumors were coordinately reduced (P < 0.01) in mice injected with SCCVII-derived TEX relative to controls. Notably, TEX isolated from mouse or human tumors had similar effects on tumor development and immune cells. A single IV injection of TEX was sufficient to condition mice harboring premalignant OSCC lesions for accelerated tumor progression in concert with reduced immune cell migration to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice M Razzo
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chang-Sook Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kellsye P Fabian
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196985. [PMID: 32977425 PMCID: PMC7582690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is an ideal fertile soil for both primary and secondary tumors to seed. The occurrence and development of osteosarcoma, as a primary bone tumor, is closely related to the bone microenvironment. Especially, the metastasis of osteosarcoma is the remaining challenge of therapy and poor prognosis. Increasing evidence focuses on the relationship between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma metastasis. Many elements exist in the bone microenvironment, such as acids, hypoxia, and chemokines, which have been verified to affect the progression and malignance of osteosarcoma through various signaling pathways. We thoroughly summarized all these regulators in the bone microenvironment and the transmission cascades, accordingly, attempting to furnish hints for inhibiting osteosarcoma metastasis via the amelioration of the bone microenvironment. In addition, analysis of the cross-talk between the bone microenvironment and osteosarcoma will help us to deeply understand the development of osteosarcoma. The cellular and molecular protagonists presented in the bone microenvironment promoting osteosarcoma metastasis will accelerate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies towards osteosarcoma.
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11
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Masaoutis C, Korkolopoulou P, Theocharis S. Exosomes in sarcomas: Tiny messengers with broad implications in diagnosis, surveillance, prognosis and treatment. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:172-177. [PMID: 30779943 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, which contain an array of biomolecules, such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lipids, take part in intercellular communication and mediate tumor-host interactions. They are increasingly considered as a source of biomarkers for liquid biopsies as well as potential drug vectors. Sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumours and due to their relative rarity exosomes have not been investigated in as extensively as in epithelial malignancies. Nonetheless, valuable information has been gathered over the last years on the roles of exosomes in sarcomas. In the present review we summarize all relevant data obtained so far from cell lines, animal models and patients with emphasis on their potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Abello J, Nguyen TDT, Marasini R, Aryal S, Weiss ML. Biodistribution of gadolinium- and near infrared-labeled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in tumor bearing mice. Theranostics 2019; 9:2325-2345. [PMID: 31149047 PMCID: PMC6531310 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We speculate that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUC-MSCs) will accumulate within tumors and have the potential for both tumor location or drug delivery. Methods: To determine proof of concept, HUC-MSC exosomes were labeled with an MRI contrast agent, gadolinium, or a near infrared dye. Exosome accumulation within ectopic osteosarcoma tumor-bearing mice was determined by 14.1 T MRI or bioimaging over 24-48 h after injection. In vitro studies examine the accumulation and physiological effect of exosomes on human and mouse osteosarcoma cell lines by MTT assay, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Results: Systemic HUC-MSC exosomes accumulated continuously in tumor over a 24-48 h post-injection period. In contrast, synthetic lipid nanoparticles accumulate in tumor only for the first 3 h post-injection. Conclusion: These results suggest that HUC-MSCs exosomes accumulate within human or mouse osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo over a 24 to 48 h after infusion.
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