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Nolt GL, Keeble AR, Wen Y, Strong AC, Thomas NT, Valentino TR, Brightwell CR, Murach KA, Patrizia S, Weinstabl H, Gollner A, McCarthy JJ, Fry CS, Franti M, Filareto A, Peterson CA, Dungan CM. Inhibition of p53-MDM2 binding reduces senescent cell abundance and improves the adaptive responses of skeletal muscle from aged mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:2153-2176. [PMID: 37872294 PMCID: PMC10828311 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adaptation to external stimuli, such as regeneration following injury and hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise, are blunted with advanced age. The accumulation of senescent cells, along with defects in myogenic progenitor cell (MPC) proliferation, have been strongly linked as contributing factors to age-associated impairment in muscle adaptation. p53 plays an integral role in all these processes, as upregulation of p53 causes apoptosis in senescent cells and prevents mitotic catastrophe in MPCs from old mice. The goal of this study was to determine if a novel pharmaceutical agent (BI01), which functions by upregulating p53 through inhibition of binding to MDM2, the primary p53 regulatory protein, improves muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in old mice. BI01 effectively reduced the number of senescent cells in vitro but had no effect on MPC survival or proliferation at a comparable dose. Following repeated oral gavage with 2 mg/kg of BI01 (OS) or vehicle (OV), old mice (24 months) underwent unilateral BaCl2 injury in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, with PBS injections serving as controls. After 7 days, satellite cell number was higher in the TA of OS compared to OV mice, as was the expression of genes involved in ATP production. By 35 days, old mice treated with BI01 displayed reduced senescent cell burden, enhanced regeneration (higher muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area) and restoration of muscle function relative to OV mice. To examine the impact of 2 mg/kg BI01 on muscle hypertrophy, the plantaris muscle was subjected to 28 days of mechanical overload (MOV) in OS and OV mice. In response to MOV, OS mice had larger plantaris muscles and muscle fibers than OV mice, particularly type 2b + x fibers, associated with reduced senescent cells. Together our data show that BI01 is an effective senolytic agent that may also augment muscle metabolism to enhance muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia L Nolt
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aubrey C Strong
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Taylor R Valentino
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sini Patrizia
- Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Vienna, Austria
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael Franti
- Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Antonio Filareto
- Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA.
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cory M Dungan
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, Waco, TX, 76706, USA.
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Pajski ML, Byrd C, Nandigama N, Seguin E, Seguin A, Fennell A, Graber TG. Endurance exercise preserves physical function in adult and older male C57BL/6 mice: high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus voluntary wheel running (VWR). FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1356954. [PMID: 38523671 PMCID: PMC10958787 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1356954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve physical function, mitigate aspects of chronic disease and to potentially alter the trajectory of age-related onset of frailty and sarcopenia. Reliable and valid preclinical models are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms at the intersection of age, exercise, and functional decline. The purpose of this study was to compare, head to head, the effects of two common pre-clinical models of endurance exercise: high intensity interval training (HIIT) and voluntary wheel running (VWR). The hypothesis was that a prescribed and regimented exercise program, HIIT, would prove to be a superior training method to unregulated voluntary exercise, VWR. To investigate this hypothesis, we evaluated adult (n = 24, designated 10 m, aged 6 months at the beginning of the study, 10 months at its completion) and older adult (n = 18, designated 26 m, aging from 22 months to 26 months over the course of the study) C57BL/6 male mice. These mice were randomly assigned (with selection criteria) to a 13-week program of voluntary wheel running (VWR), high intensity interval training (HIIT), or sedentary control (SED). The functional aptitude of each mouse was determined pre- and post-training using our composite CFAB (comprehensive functional assessment battery) scoring system consisting of voluntary wheel running (volitional exercise and activity rate), treadmill (endurance), rotarod (overall motor function), grip meter (forelimb strength), and inverted cling (whole body strength/endurance). To measure sarcopenia, we tracked body mass, body composition (with EchoMRI), plantar flexor torque (in 10 m), and measured muscle wet mass post-training. Overall, adult CFAB scores decreased while body mass and percent body fat increased as they matured; however, exercise significantly mitigated the changes (p < 0.05) compared to SED. Older adults demonstrated preservation of function (CFAB) and reduced body fat (p < 0.05) compared to SED. To conclude, both types of exercise maintained physical function equally in older mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Pajski
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Chris Byrd
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nainika Nandigama
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Emily Seguin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Anna Seguin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Alyssa Fennell
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ted G. Graber
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- East Carolina Obesity and Diabetes Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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