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Muduroglu-Kirmizibekmez A, Cati C, Onder A, Aydin S, Kara I. Investigation of the acute impact of rosemary consumption on brain activity in healthy volunteers. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38970803 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2370729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a fragrant plant of the mint family, broadly known as a nourishment flavoring agent; it is additionally utilized in conventional people cures for its anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and antibacterial properties. Intense cognitive impacts from devouring plant-based flavonoids can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG), which records unconstrained brain movement. Brain activity can be evaluated amid independent states or whereas performing attentional assignments. This study aimed to determine the impact of rosemary consumption on cognitive consequences. METHODS Twenty volunteers took part in the study. EEG was taken for each volunteer twice, before drinking rosemary extract and around one hour after drinking it. EEG information was recorded with a Micromed recording framework inspecting rate of 512 Hz. EEG signals were prepared to be utilized in EEGLAB, an open-source toolbox within the MATLAB environment. The information obtained after the EEG recording was compared with the preliminary EEG information. RESULTS The signal's power spectral density in theta, delta, and beta frequency bands modestly increased in males and females. Even though there was a significant increase in power at the alpha frequency band in both sexes, this increment was not specific channel-wise. DISCUSSION The obtained data are consistent with the expected results and similar studies conducted, suggesting that the consumption of rosemary is beneficial for cognitive function in the short term. It is anticipated that forthcoming long-term studies will support the existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Cati
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Onder
- SANKARA Brain and Biotechnology Research Center, Entertech Teknocity, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Avcılar Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Aydin
- Division of Biotechnology, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Kara
- SANKARA Brain and Biotechnology Research Center, Entertech Teknocity, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Avcılar Campus, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oresanya IO, Orhan IE. Deciphering Neuroprotective Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) through Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:330-352. [PMID: 38258779 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501255093240117092328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO, rosemary) is a well-known medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herb with traditional use in European folk medicine against memory deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights the different neuroprotective activities of RO investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as in silico molecular docking of bioactive compounds found in RO. The neuroprotective effect of RO was searched through databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Clinical Trials using the keywords "Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, neuroprotective effect, memory, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease." RO, which is rich in secondary metabolites that have memory-enhancing potential, has displayed neuroprotection through different molecular mechanisms such as inhibition of cholinesterase, modulation of dopaminergic and oxytocinergic systems, mediation of oxidative and inflammatory proteins, involved in neuropathic pain, among others. RO extracts exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Also, the plant has shown efficacy in scopolamine-, lipopolysaccharide-, AlCl3-, and H2O2-induced amnesia as well as amyloid-beta- and ibotenic acid-induced neurotoxicity and chronic constriction injury-related oxidative stress memory and cognitive impairments in animal models. A few clinical studies available supported the neuroprotective effects of RO and its constituents. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm results from preclinical studies further and should include not only placebo-controlled studies but also studies including positive controls using approved drugs. Many studies underlined that constituents of RO may have the potential for developing drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease that possess high bioavailability, low toxicity, and enhanced penetration to CNS, as revealed from the experimental and molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun O Oresanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, 06670 Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Martial C, Poirrier AL, Pottier L, Cassol H, Mortaheb S, Panda R, Lopez M, Perrin T, Boilevin A, Gosseries O, Laureys S. From nose to brain: The effect of lemon inhalation observed by whole brain voxel to voxel functional connectivity. Cortex 2023; 165:119-128. [PMID: 37285762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lemon fragrance is known for its stimulating properties, but its mechanisms of action are not well known yet. This study aimed to examine the effect of lemon essential oil inhalation on healthy participants' alertness level and their neural correlates using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-one healthy men underwent functional MRI scans in different conditions: a resting state condition, a condition where they were exposed to passive lemon smelling (alternating exposure to lemon and breathing fresh air), and a control condition without lemon fragrance diffusion -the order of the last two conditions being randomized. Alertness levels were assessed immediately after each condition using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Voxel-wise whole-brain global functional connectivity and graph theory analyses were computed to investigate brain functional connectivity and network topology alterations. After lemon fragrance inhalation, we observed a higher level of alertness as compared to resting state -but not compared to control condition. During lemon fragrance inhalation, we found increased global functional connectivity in the thalamus, paralleled by decreased global connectivity in several cortical regions such as precuneus, postcentral and precentral gyrus, lateral occipital cortex and paracingulate gyrus. Graph theory analysis revealed increased network integration in cortical regions typically involved in olfaction and emotion processing such as olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and thalamus, while decreased network segregation in several regions of the posterior part of the brain during olfaction as compared to resting state. The present findings suggest that lemon essential oil inhalation could increase the level of alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Lise Poirrier
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Pottier
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Héléna Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sepehr Mortaheb
- Physiology of Cognition, GIGA-CRC in Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée Du 6 Août 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rajanikant Panda
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mateo Lopez
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Perrin
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Boilevin
- Valeo, Carlab Health & WellBeing, 100 Rue de Courcelles, 75017, Paris, France; Université Bordeaux Montaigne, UFR Humanités, Département Design Bordeaux, Esplanade des Antilles Domaine Niversitaire, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Centre Du Cerveau(2), University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de L'hôpital, 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium; Joint International Research Unit on Consciousness, CERVO Brain Research Centre, CIUSS, University Laval, 2301 Av. D'Estimauville, QC, G1E 1T2, Québec, Canada
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4
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Riby LM, Edwards S, McDonald H, Moss M. The impact of a rosemary containing drink on event-related potential neural markers of sustained attention. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286113. [PMID: 37262036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that the ingestion or aroma of rosemary enhances cognitive ability in both rodents and humans. However, how rosemary facilitates cognition and the precise therapeutic impacts on information processing remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This pilot study used the temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the cognitive-enhancing benefits of a rosemary drink. Neural markers of sustained attention were used as indices to explore whether rosemary facilitates concentration in general or the allocation of resources to task-relevant information only. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a between-subject design (rosemary vs water control drink), 48 adults performed a 3-stimulus visual oddball task. Participants differentiated between rare target stimuli (index of task-relevant attentional processes; P3b ERP) embedded in a train of frequent stimuli. The presentation of an infrequent novel stimulus was also included (index of task-irrelevant stimulus processing; P3a ERP). Throughout the session, electroencephalograms (EEG) were collected and time-locked to the presentation of the target (P3b) and novel (P3a) stimulus types. RESULTS The primary analyses revealed facilitation of the P3a in particular with a medium Cohen's effect size reported. The investigation of the P3b component, although less reliable, also had a medium effect. The subsidiary consideration of the association between behaviour and the ERPs provided a further level of explanation regarding the therapeutic effect of rosemary on cognition. Indeed, the pattern of associations was suggestive of strategy differences during the performance of the task across the treatment group., although these data should be treated with caution. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data provide critical insights into the utility of rosemary to facilitate different aspects of attention. In particular, data are consistent with rosemary providing additional attentional resources to enhance the processing of stimuli we encounter, irrespective of task relevance. Indeed, the enhancement of both P3a and P3b components following rosemary administration may indicate that the herb enhances the processing of all stimuli in the environment. We argue for the use of both behavioural and EEG methods to explore the therapeutic effects of herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Martin Riby
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sheridan Edwards
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather McDonald
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Moss
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Enwright P, Blank S, Wells BM, Nightingale LM, Torgerud S. Effect of lavender and rosemary aromatherapy on test anxiety in chiropractic students. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2023; 37:26-32. [PMID: 36306254 PMCID: PMC10013597 DOI: 10.7899/jce-21-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test anxiety is a debilitating disorder that can impair cognitive performance and affect academic success. Aromatherapy is commonly used for relaxation therapy. The primary aim of the study was to determine if nasal inhaler aromatherapy, utilizing a blend of rosemary and lavender essential oils, could be a useful strategy to reduce testing anxiety in students. METHODS This study recruited first trimester chiropractic students enrolled in both Neuroanatomy I and Biochemistry I. A randomized crossover design was utilized over 2 study days during final exams, with a 2-day wash-out period. Participants were randomly assigned into groups based on results of test anxiety analysis. On each day, students were given a nasal inhaler with either an aromatherapy blend of lavender and rosemary essential oils or distilled water as the control. Students completed pretest surveys and posttest surveys to rate their anxiety levels. Paired sample t-tests were performed to determine group differences in test anxiety. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted. RESULTS Forty-five students were randomly assigned into the study, whereas only 38 completed per-protocol. Between group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between change in anxiety scores between aromatherapy and control for both intention-to-treat (p =.10) and per-protocol (p =.07). CONCLUSION Use of personal inhalers and aromatherapy diffusers were not shown to reduce test anxiety in a chiropractic population under high-stakes examination. Other options should be explored for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Enwright
- Paige Enwright is in private practice (58 Dangan Heights Newcastle CO, Galway, Ireland H91 Y49Y; )
| | - Samantha Blank
- Samantha Blank is in private practice (1786 Dry Gulch Dr, Helena, MT 95601; )
| | - Breanne M Wells
- Breanne Wells (corresponding author) is an assistant professor in the Technique Department at Palmer College of Chiropractic (1000 Brady St, Davenport, IA 52803; )
| | - Lia M Nightingale
- Lia Nightingale is a professor in the Life Science Division at Palmer College of Chiropractic (1000 Brady St, Davenport, IA 52803; )
| | - Steven Torgerud
- Steven Torgerud is an associate professor in the Life Science Division at Palmer College of Chiropractic (1000 Brady St, Davenport, IA 52803; )
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Komini A, Kokka I, Vlachakis D, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Bacopoulou F. A Systematic Review on the Adult Alpha Brainwave Activity After Essential Oil Inhalation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1425:545-553. [PMID: 37581828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31986-0_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aroma extracts from plant species have been utilized since ancient times for a variety of discomforting circumstances. Aromatherapy is a recognized complementary therapeutic treatment performed in various ways such as massage or dermal application, with its main uses involving relaxation, pain relief, and stress management. Several studies have outlined that inhalation of fragrance may influence the brain function since their components can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with central nervous system receptors. The aim of this review was to systematically present findings regarding alpha brain wave activity reported exclusively by electroencephalography. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed and Scopus databases were screened for relevant papers, based on specific eligibility criteria. The final step of the process resulted in 13 studies published between 1998 and 2021, using different essential oils. Most of the studies revealed the increase of alpha brainwave activity post-essential oil inhalation. Given the proven positive outcomes of increased alpha wave activity on several domains such as cognitive performance and better mental state, further research on the impact of essential oil inhalation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Komini
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Kokka
- Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine, and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Gunasekara N, Gaeta G, Levy A, Boot E, Tachtsidis I. fNIRS neuroimaging in olfactory research: A systematic literature review. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1040719. [PMID: 36620865 PMCID: PMC9815777 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of key features which make olfaction difficult to study; subjective processes of odor detection, discrimination and identification, and individualistic odor hedonic perception and associated odor memories. In this systematic review we explore the role functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has played in understanding olfactory perception in humans. fNIRS is an optical neuroimaging technique able to measure changes in brain hemodynamics and oxygenation related to neural electrical activity. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, results of this search found that generally the majority of studies involving healthy adult subjects observed increased activity in response to odors. Other population types were also observed, such as infants, individuals with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dysosmia. fNIRS coverage heavily favored the prefrontal cortex, temporal and parietal regions. This review finds that odor induced cortical activation is dependent on multiple factors, such as odorant type, gender and population type. This review also finds that there is room for improvement in areas such as participant diversity, use of wearable fNIRS systems, physiological monitoring and multi-distance channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gunasekara
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Natalie Gunasekara
| | - Giuliano Gaeta
- Health and Well-being Centre of Excellence, Givaudan UK Limited, Ashford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Levy
- MetaboLight Ltd., London, United Kingdom,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom,MetaboLight Ltd., London, United Kingdom
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Trombin de Souza M, Trombin de Souza M, Bernardi D, Oliveira DDC, Morais MC, de Melo DJ, Richardi VS, Zarbin PHG, Zawadneak MAC. Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis Ecotypes and Their Major Compounds: Insecticidal and Histological Assessment Against Drosophila suzukii and Their Impact on a Nontarget Parasitoid. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:955-966. [PMID: 34865075 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) produced by plants in the Lamiaceae family may provide new insecticidal molecules. Novel control compounds are needed to control Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), a severe economic invasive pest of thin-skinned fruit crops. Thus, we characterized the main compounds of EOs from three rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis ecotypes (ECOs) and evaluated their toxicity to D. suzukii adults, deterrence of oviposition behavior, and histological alterations in larvae. Additionally, we analyzed the lethal and sublethal effect on the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae. The main compounds identified in the R. officinalis ECOs were α-pinene, camphor and 1,8-cineole. In bioassays via topical application or ingestion, ECOs and their major compounds showed high toxicity on D. suzukii adults and a lower concentration could kill 50% and 90% of flies compared to spinetoram. The dry residues of a-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor provided a repellent effect by reducing D. suzukii oviposition by ~47% compared to untreated fruit. Histological sections of 3rd instar larval D. suzukii posttreatment revealed damage to the fat body, Malpighian tubules, brain, salivary gland, and midgut, which contributed to high larval and pupal mortality. Survival and parasitism by adult T. anastrephae were not affected. Thus, R. officinalis EO and their compounds have potential for developing novel insecticides to manage D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daiana da Costa Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Effects of Olfactory Stimulation with Aroma Oils on Psychophysiological Responses of Female Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095196. [PMID: 35564590 PMCID: PMC9102723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of olfactory stimulation with aroma oils on the psychophysiological responses in women. Ten aromatic oils (lavender, rosemary, rose, eucalyptus, jasmine, geranium, chamomile, clary sage, thyme, and peppermint) were used on 23 women aged between 20 and 60 years. They inhaled the scent for 90 s through a glass funnel attached to their lab apron, 10 cm below their nose, while the pump was activated. Electroencephalography, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and during inhalation of the aroma oils. The relative alpha (RA) power spectrums indicating relaxation and resting state of the brain significantly increased when lavender, rosemary, eucalyptus, jasmine, chamomile, clary sage, and thyme oils were inhaled compared to those of before olfactory stimulation. The ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB), an indicator of brain stability and relaxation, significantly increased when rosemary, jasmine, clary sage, and peppermint oils were inhaled. The relative low beta (RLB) power spectrum, an indicator of brain activity in the absence of stress, significantly increased when stimulated with lavender, rosemary, rose, and geranium scents. Further, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after introduction of all 10 types of aromatic oils, which indicates stress reduction. Thus, olfactory stimulation with aroma oil had a stabilizing effect on the prefrontal cortex and brain activity and decreased systolic blood pressure.
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Itoh M, Kitagawa A, Ouchi H, Yamaguchi M, Watanabe R, Sone H, Kamiyama S. Effects of visual and aromatic stimulations on the perception of five fundamental tastes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:655-664. [PMID: 35244672 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Taste perception is affected by various environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of visual and aromatic stimulations on stress responses and taste perception. Fourteen young healthy participants were assessed for stress levels and taste intensities under 5 different conditions: normal (no stimuli), watching an action scene, watching a forest scene, sniffing a rosemary aroma, and sniffing a lavender aroma. Compared to participants under the action scene condition, participants under the forest scene or under the rosemary aroma condition showed significantly lower stress levels. Furthermore, the forest scene condition significantly increased the saltiness intensity, whereas the rosemary aroma condition significantly increased the bitterness intensity. A positive or negative correlation was observed between the stress level and taste intensity of sourness and saltiness, respectively. These findings indicate that visual image and aroma have the potential to change taste perception as well as modulate stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Itoh
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aya Kitagawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Harumi Ouchi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mana Yamaguchi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ran Watanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sone
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Higashi-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Soares GABE, Bhattacharya T, Chakrabarti T, Tagde P, Cavalu S. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Essential Oils on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010021. [PMID: 35009027 PMCID: PMC8747111 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been traditionally used as ancient remedies to treat many health disorders due to their enormous biological activities. As mainstream allopathic medication currently used for CNS disorders is associated with adverse effects, the search to obtain safer alternatives as compared to the currently marketed therapies is of tremendous significance. Research conducted suggests that concurrent utilization of allopathic medicines and EOs is synergistically beneficial. Due to their inability to show untoward effects, various scientists have tried to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms by which these oils exert beneficial effects on the CNS. In this regard, our review aims to improve the understanding of EOs' biological activity on the CNS and to highlight the significance of the utilization of EOs in neuronal disorders, thereby improving patient acceptability of EOs as therapeutic agents. Through data compilation from library searches and electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., recent preclinical and clinical data, routes of administration, and the required or maximal dosage for the observation of beneficial effects are addressed. We have also highlighted the challenges that require attention for further improving patient compliance, research gaps, and the development of EO-based nanomedicine for targeted therapy and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A. Borges e Soares
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Innovation, Incubation & Industry (I-Cube) Laboratory, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur 313003, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Science & Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Tulika Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur 313601, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University Bhopal, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India;
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Bhopal 462042, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Kaushik P, Ahlawat P, Singh K, Singh R. Chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and uses of common ayurvedic medicinal plants: a future source of new drugs. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wells BM, Nightingale LM, Derby DC, Salsbury SA, Lawrence D. Aromatherapy for test anxiety in chiropractic students. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2021; 35:50-58. [PMID: 32543886 PMCID: PMC7958665 DOI: 10.7899/jce-18-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up to 85% of college students experience test anxiety, which may contribute to decreased academic performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting chiropractic students for a randomized trial involving aromatherapy for anxiety reduction. METHODS This study enrolled chiropractic students who were randomly assigned to separate rooms during a biochemistry test. Waterless diffusers dispersed a lemon and rosemary blend of essential oils in the experimental room and water in the control room. Students completed pretest surveys rating current and general anxiety. Posttest surveys included rating current anxiety. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was preformed to determine within- and between-group differences for current anxiety. Feasibility was the primary aim, and the statistical significance of anxiety test scores between rooms was the secondary aim. RESULTS Sixty-four students were included in the study. The feasibility of research methods was noted for adherence to the study protocol (informed consent, randomization, and survey distribution and completion) and resource allocation. Design improvements are required in recruitment methods, follow-up surveys, and intervention blinding. ANCOVA for between-group comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between groups' pre- and posttest anxiety scores (p = .22). Two reported side effects, eye and sinus irritation, could not be attributed to treatment group. Most students were willing to use aromatherapy for test anxiety in the future. CONCLUSION We demonstrated feasibility in conducting a randomized study to measure the influence of aromatherapy on test anxiety in chiropractic students. A powered, randomized study is needed to determine if aromatherapy may be effective in reducing test anxiety.
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The effect of rosemary essential oil inhalation on sleepiness and alertness of shift-working nurses: A randomized, controlled field trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101326. [PMID: 33550193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleepiness during the night shift is a common complaint of shift workers, including the nurses. This study investigated the effects of inhaled rosemary oil on sleepiness and alertness of shift-working nurses. METHODS Eighty shift-working nurses were selected and assigned randomly into control (n = 40) and intervention (n = 40) groups. Both groups completed the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Survey before the intervention. The intervention group received one drop of rosemary essential oil using a mask. The control group received a drop of distilled water instead, after which the questionnaires were completed for a second time. RESULTS The sleepiness mean score in the intervention group reduced from 12.15 to 8.3, while it increased from 11.41 to 13.76 in the control group (P < 0.001). The alertness mean scores changed from 4.45 to 3.25 and from 4.41 to 5.34 in intervention and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Rosemary aroma decreased sleepiness and increased alertness in shift-working nurses.
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15
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Seibel R, Schneider RH, Gottlieb MGV. Effects of Spices (Saffron, Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric and Ginger) in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:347-357. [PMID: 34279199 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210716122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in the elderly, causing disability, physical, psychological, social, and economic damage to the individual, their families, and caregivers. Studies have shown some spices, such as saffron, rosemary, cinnamon, turmeric, and ginger, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that act in inhibiting the aggregation of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid in AD. For this reason, spices have been studied as beneficial sources against neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In this sense, this study aims to present a review of some spices (Saffron, Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric and Ginger) and their bioactive compounds, most consumed and investigated in the world regarding AD. In this article, scientific evidence is compiled in clinical trials in adults, the elderly, animals, and in vitro, on properties considered neuroprotective, having no or negative effects on neuroprotection of these spices and their bioactive compounds. The importance of this issue is based on the pharmacological treatment for AD that is still not very effective. In addition, the recommendations and prescriptions of these spices are still permeated by questioning and lack of robust evidence of their effects on neurodegeneration. The literature search suggests all spices included in this article have bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions associated with neuroprotection. To date, the amounts of spice ingestion in humans are not uniform, and there is no consensus on its indication and chronic consumption guarantees safety and efficacy in neuroprotection. Therefore, clinical evidence on this topic is necessary to become a formal adjuvant treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Seibel
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo H Schneider
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Maria G V Gottlieb
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
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16
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Chandharakool S, Koomhin P, Sinlapasorn J, Suanjan S, Phungsai J, Suttipromma N, Songsamoe S, Matan N, Sattayakhom A. Effects of Tangerine Essential Oil on Brain Waves, Moods, and Sleep Onset Latency. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204865. [PMID: 33096890 PMCID: PMC7587980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangerine (Citrus tangerina) is one of the most important crops of Thailand with a total harvest that exceeds 100,000 tons. Citrus essential oils are widely used as aromatherapy and medicinal agents. The effect of tangerine essential oil on human brain waves and sleep activity has not been reported. In the present study, we therefore evaluated these effects of tangerine essential oil by measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) activity with 32 channel platforms according to the international 10-20 system in 10 male and 10 female subjects. Then the sleep onset latency was studied to further confirm the effect on sleep activity. The results revealed that different concentrations, subthreshold to suprathreshold, of tangerine oil gave different brain responses. Undiluted tangerine oil inhalation reduced slow and fast alpha wave powers and elevated low and mid beta wave powers. The subthreshold and threshold dilution showed the opposite effect to the brain compared with suprathreshold concentration. Inhalation of threshold concentration showed effectively decreased alpha and beta wave powers and increased theta wave power, which emphasize its sedative effect. The reduction of sleep onset latency was confirmed with the implementation of the observed sedative effect of tangerine oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaya Chandharakool
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Phanit Koomhin
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (N.M.)
- Research Group in Applied, Computational and Theoretical Science (ACTS), Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Jennarong Sinlapasorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Sarunnat Suanjan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Jantamas Phungsai
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Noppharat Suttipromma
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Sumethee Songsamoe
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (N.M.)
- School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Narumol Matan
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (N.M.)
- School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Apsorn Sattayakhom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.C.); (J.S.); (S.S.); (J.P.); (N.S.)
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81868-0153
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Khalid A, Abbasi UA, Amber S, Sumera, Mirza FJ, Asif M, Javed A, Zahid S. Methylphenidate and Rosmarinus officinalis improves cognition and regulates inflammation and synaptic gene expression in AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7861-7870. [PMID: 33011892 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychotropic medication is commonly used for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study we elucidated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of MPH and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract, an ancient aromatic herb with several applications in traditional medicine. Briefly, six groups of mice (n = 8 each group), were specified for the study and behavioral analysis was performed to analyze spatial memory followed by histological assessment and gene expression analysis of synaptic (Syn I, II and III) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα and GFAP) via qRT-PCR, in an AlCl3-induced mouse model for neurotoxicity. The behavioral analysis demonstrated significant cognitive decline, memory defects and altered gene expression in AlCl3-treated group. Rosemary extract significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory and synaptic markers to the similar levels as that of MPH. The present findings suggested the neuroprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. However, further characterization of its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and MPH is required to strategize future treatments for several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibah Khalid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umme Aimen Abbasi
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanila Amber
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed Mirza
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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18
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Lizarraga-Valderrama LR. Effects of essential oils on central nervous system: Focus on mental health. Phytother Res 2020; 35:657-679. [PMID: 32860651 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils have been used as remedies since ancient times for the treatment of numerous illnesses on account of their wide range of biological activities. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown varying pharmacological responses in the nervous system leading to anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects. Experimentation in animal models has evidenced the involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems in the mode of action of essential oils, resulting in measurable physiological effects in the brain. Additionally, clinical trials have demonstrated the influence of essential oils in physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, brain waves composition, and cortisol serum levels with concomitant psychological effects. Although there is growing evidence of measurable effects of essential oils in animal brains, more clinical research is required to validate their influence in the human central nervous system. This will enable the development of essential oil-based drugs for the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena R Lizarraga-Valderrama
- Research and Innovation, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,Made for Life Organics, Cornwall, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
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19
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Koyama S, Heinbockel T. The Effects of Essential Oils and Terpenes in Relation to Their Routes of Intake and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1558. [PMID: 32106479 PMCID: PMC7084246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been used in multiple ways, i.e., inhaling, topically applying on the skin, and drinking. Thus, there are three major routes of intake or application involved: the olfactory system, the skin, and the gastro-intestinal system. Understanding these routes is important for clarifying the mechanisms of action of essential oils. Here we summarize the three systems involved, and the effects of essential oils and their constituents at the cellular and systems level. Many factors affect the rate of uptake of each chemical constituent included in essential oils. It is important to determine how much of each constituent is included in an essential oil and to use single chemical compounds to precisely test their effects. Studies have shown synergistic influences of the constituents, which affect the mechanisms of action of the essential oil constituents. For the skin and digestive system, the chemical components of essential oils can directly activate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and transient receptor potential channels (TRP) channels, whereas in the olfactory system, chemical components activate olfactory receptors. Here, GABA receptors and TRP channels could play a role, mostly when the signals are transferred to the olfactory bulb and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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20
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Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, El Bishbishy MH, Mnayer D, Sharopov F, Kılıç CS, Neagu M, Constantin C, Sharifi-Rad M, Atanassova M, Nicola S, Pignata G, Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Martins N. Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1474-1518. [PMID: 32058653 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Mahitab H El Bishbishy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Dima Mnayer
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ceyda S Kılıç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, UCTM, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignata
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Patrick V T Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Behavioral and Neural Changes Induced by a Blended Essential Oil on Human Selective Attention. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:5842132. [PMID: 31737125 PMCID: PMC6815549 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5842132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective attention refers to the selecting and preferential processing of specific information while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant distractors, activities linked to various cognitive skills and academic achievements. The influence of essential oils on the cognition of humans has been extensively explored. However, the effects of essential oils on human selective attention and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, participants were divided into a “blended essential oil” group and a “no essential oil” group and enrolled on a negative priming task, including a control condition and a negative priming condition. The event-related potential technique was used to examine the brain mechanisms underlying the blended essential oil effects on human selective attention. Behavioral results showed that individuals responded more quickly in the negative priming condition when exposed to the blended essential oil. In addition, the blended essential oil eliminated the differences in the P300 amplitude in the postcentral area of the brain between the negative priming condition and the control condition. Moreover, the blended essential oil led to stronger functional connectivity during the task. The present study thus suggests that blended essential oil can significantly change brain activity and functional connections in human beings, which may improve human selective attention.
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Arihara K, Yokoyama I, Ohata M. DMHF (2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone), a volatile food component with attractive sensory properties, brings physiological functions through inhalation. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:239-258. [PMID: 31351527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) is an aroma compound found in various foods, and used widely in the flavor and perfume industry. Dilute DMHF solutions exhibit a strawberry-like flavor while DMHF concentrates have a caramel-like aroma. DMHF is an important flavor compound contributing to the sensory properties of various natural products and thermally processed foods. DMHF is generated by the Maillard reaction during cooking and processing and affects the palatability of foods. Although Maillard reaction products (e.g., melanoidins) have physiologically positive effects, effects of odors generated from by this reaction are relatively unknown. This chapter initially overviewed the Maillard reaction and the generation of volatile compounds. Then, properties of DMHF, which is an attractive volatile food component, is discussed. We focused particularly on bioactivities of DMHF inhalation in our previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arihara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - I Yokoyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ohata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Filiptsova O, Gazzavi-Rogozina L, Timoshyna I, Naboka O, Dyomina Y, Ochkur A. The effect of the essential oils of lavender and rosemary on the human short-term memory. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O.V. Filiptsova
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 , Pushkinska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
| | | | - I.A. Timoshyna
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 , Pushkinska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
| | - O.I. Naboka
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 , Pushkinska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
| | - Ye.V. Dyomina
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 , Pushkinska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
| | - A.V. Ochkur
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 , Pushkinska str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
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24
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Park KH, Kim HJ, Oh B, Seo M, Lee E, Ha J. Evaluation of human electroencephalogram change for sensory effects of fragrance. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:526-531. [PMID: 30762249 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stabilizing effect of lavender and the arousal effect of peppermint essential oils are acknowledged and used widely in aromatherapy and the cosmetics industry. However, no evaluation method confirms the effects of essential oils through quantitative and objective electroencephalogram (EEG) results; instead, only a psychological and subjective method exists. Therefore, this study aims to create a new emotional cosmetic evaluation paradigm using EEG values. Moreover, it enables quantitative interpretation of the results in addition to the subjective survey outcomes. METHODS For this study, 12 healthy female Korean participants were recruited and three fragrances were used. The EEG results were collected for 3 minutes (1 minute each before, during, and after inhalation of every fragrance). RESULTS The quantitative EEG outcomes indicate changes in the participant's brainwaves before and after inhalation. Significant changes in the EEG were observed. Based on the results, the effects of fragrances were confirmed to be stabilizing for lavender, and arousing for peppermint and coffee aroma. Furthermore, the subjective questionnaire results indicate similar tendency as that of the quantitative EEG results. CONCLUSION In addition to psychological and subjective assessments, our emotional evaluation method can verify the cosmetic fragrance effects through quantitative and objective results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bobae Oh
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Minji Seo
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Skin Research Institute, IEC Korea, Suwon, Korea
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25
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Karageorghis CI, Bigliassi M, Guérin SMR, Delevoye-Turrell Y. Brain mechanisms that underlie music interventions in the exercise domain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 240:109-125. [PMID: 30390826 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we review recent work from the realms of neuroscience and neuropsychology to explore the brain mechanisms that underlie the effects of music on exercise. We begin with an examination of the technique of electroencephalography (EEG), which has proven popular with researchers in this domain. We go on to appraise work conducted with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and then, looking more toward the future, we consider the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study brain hemodynamics. The experimental findings expounded herein indicate that music has the potential to guide attention toward environmental sensory cues and prevent internal, fatigue-related signals from entering focal awareness. The brain mechanisms underlying such effects are primarily associated with the downregulation of theta waves across the cortex surface, reduction of communication among somatosensory regions, and increased activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Taken holistically, research in this subfield of exercise psychology demonstrates a vibrant and reflexive matrix of attentional, emotional, behavioral, physiological, and psychophysiological responses to music across a variety of exercise modalities and intensities. The emergent hypotheses that we propose can be used to frame future research efforts.
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Effect of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Chrysanthemum indicum Linné on Blood Pressure and Electroencephalogram. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082063. [PMID: 30126122 PMCID: PMC6222417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified the volatile organic compounds in the essential oils that are extracted from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné (C. indicum Linné) and investigated the effects of the inhalation of these compounds. We detected a total of 41 volatile organic compounds, including 32 hydrocarbons, four acids, three alcohols, two ketones, and one aldehyde. In a sniffing test, seven types of volatile organic compounds were identified. Furthermore, the volatile organic compounds in C. indicum Linné that were identified were found to be derived from 1,8-cineole and camphor. After inhalation of the essential oils, the subjects’ systolic blood pressure and heart rate decreased. This indicates that inhalation of the essential oils extracted from C. indicum Linné provides mental and physical relaxation. We examined the changes in electroencephalogram findings that are observed after C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation. An increase in theta and alpha waves, which usually appear during relaxation, as well as a decrease in beta and gamma waves, which appear during brain activity such as excessive attention, were noted. These results indicate that C. indicum Linné essential oil inhalation helps to reduce blood pressure and may provide mental and physical relaxation.
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Cannabis Essential Oil: A Preliminary Study for the Evaluation of the Brain Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1709182. [PMID: 29576792 PMCID: PMC5822802 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1709182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of essential oil from legal (THC <0.2% w/v) hemp variety on the nervous system in 5 healthy volunteers. GC/EIMS and GC/FID analysis of the EO showed that the main components were myrcene and β-caryophyllene. The experiment consisted of measuring autonomic nervous system (ANS) parameters; evaluations of the mood state; and electroencephalography (EEG) recording before treatment, during treatment, and after hemp inhalation periods as compared with control conditions. The results revealed decreased diastolic blood pressure, increased heart rate, and significant increased skin temperature. The subjects described themselves as more energetic, relaxed, and calm. The analysis EEG showed a significant increase in the mean frequency of alpha (8–13 Hz) and significant decreased mean frequency and relative power of beta 2 (18,5–30 Hz) waves. Moreover, an increased power, relative power, and amplitude of theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha brain waves activities and an increment in the delta wave (0,5–4 Hz) power and relative power was recorded in the posterior region of the brain. These results suggest that the brain wave activity and ANS are affected by the inhalation of the EO of Cannabis sativa suggesting a neuromodular activity in cases of stress, depression, and anxiety.
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Chemotypic Characterization and Biological Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis. Foods 2017; 6:foods6030020. [PMID: 28273883 PMCID: PMC5368539 DOI: 10.3390/foods6030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular herb in cooking, traditional healing, and aromatherapy. The essential oils of R. officinalis were obtained from plants growing in Victoria (Australia), Alabama (USA), Western Cape (South Africa), Kenya, Nepal, and Yemen. Chemical compositions of the rosemary oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as chiral gas chromatography. The oils were dominated by (+)-α-pinene (13.5%–37.7%), 1,8-cineole (16.1%–29.3%), (+)-verbenone (0.8%–16.9%), (−)-borneol (2.1%–6.9%), (−)-camphor (0.7%–7.0%), and racemic limonene (1.6%–4.4%). Hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the compositions of these essential oils in addition to 72 compositions reported in the literature, revealed at least five different chemotypes of rosemary oil. Antifungal, cytotoxicity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity screenings were carried out, but showed only marginal activities.
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Zhou L, Ohata M, Arihara K. Effects of odor generated from the glycine/glucose Maillard reaction on human mood and brainwaves. Food Funct 2016; 7:2574-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the odor generated from the glycine/glucose Maillard reaction on human mood and brainwaves were investigated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxi Zhou
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Kitasato University
- Aomori 034-8628
| | - Motoko Ohata
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Kitasato University
- Aomori 034-8628
| | - Keizo Arihara
- Laboratory of Food Function and Safety
- Department of Animal Science
- School of Veterinary Medicine
- Kitasato University
- Aomori 034-8628
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Mehrabi T, Gorji S, Zolfaghari B, Razmjoo R. The effect of Rosmarinus herbal tea on occupational burnout in Iran Chemical Industry Investment company employees. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2015; 20:460-4. [PMID: 26257801 PMCID: PMC4525344 DOI: 10.4103/1735-9066.161004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is one of the most important problems that the employees encounter. Many health problems arise due to burnout which is to be dealt with by the employees and the owners in the industry. Among many different ways of dealing with this problem, herbal therapy seems to be a promising solution. The present study intended to investigate the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) on burnout in employees who work in industrial environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental study was performed to see whether RO has an effect on burnout or not. A total of 66 employees, aged between 20 and 60 years, who had worked for at least 1 year in the technical wards of Iran Chemical Industry Investment Company took part in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of control (n = 33) and RO (n = 33). The RO group received 4 g of Rosemary in 150 cc water per day for 2 months. The control group, on the other hand, did not receive anything. The data were collected via Geldard (1989) Burnout Inventory before and after the treatment. A t-test was performed to analyze the collected data. RESULTS The results of statistical tests showed that after intervention, the score of occupational burnout in RO group was better, and a significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups (P = 0.03), in favor of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study revealed that Rosmarinus had a positive effect on burnout in employees in this study. Further studies in this field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Mehrabi
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gorji
- Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasool Razmjoo
- Head of Clinic Unit of Iran Chemical Industry Investment Company, Department of Medicine, Najafabad Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin Wound Healing and Phytomedicine: A Review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:303-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000357477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fernández LF, Palomino OM, Frutos G. Effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil as antihypotensive agent in primary hypotensive patients and its influence on health-related quality of life. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:509-516. [PMID: 24269249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To study Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) essential oil effect on primary hypotension and its influence on both physical and psychological aspects responsible for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients. METHODOLOGY Thirty-two patients with diagnosed hypotension were recruited between March 2007 and September 2008 for a prospective study for 72 weeks in a Spanish pharmacy. Clinical evaluation was carried out through the control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels (SBP and DBP, respectively) according to the International Standards from the American Society of Hypertension. HRQOL data were recorded within the SF-36 Health Survey(®) questionnaire throughout the study. Statistical methods were used as the essential tools to evaluate the effectiveness of Rosemary essential oil and to assess the relationship between the two quantitative variables (SBP and DBP) and scores from physical and mental summary components (PSC and MSC) obtained from the SF-36 Health Survey. RESULTS Both blood pressure variables of SBP and DBP reflect the clinically significant antihypotensive effect of Rosemary essential oil that was maintained throughout the treatment period. After validation of the use of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient>0.82), statistically significant differences have been found between pre-treatment and post-treatment values of PSC and MSC, which indicate an improvement in these parameters that is directly related to the variation in blood pressure values. CONCLUSIONS The increase achieved in blood pressure values after administration of Rosemary essential oil is clinically significant. The results obtained from this prospective clinical trial prove the effectiveness of statistical methodology as a new approach to explain the antihypotensive effect of rosemary essential oil and its relationship with the improvement in patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - O M Palomino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Frutos
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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