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Zhou J, Xiong S, Liu M, Yang H, Wei P, Yi F, Ouyang M, Xi H, Long Z, Liu Y, Li J, Ding L, Xiong L. Study on the influence of scaffold morphology and structure on osteogenic performance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127162. [PMID: 37051275 PMCID: PMC10083331 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with bone defects caused by various bone diseases is increasing yearly in the aging population, and people are paying increasing attention to bone tissue engineering research. Currently, the application of bone tissue engineering mainly focuses on promoting fracture healing by carrying cytokines. However, cytokines implanted into the body easily cause an immune response, and the cost is high; therefore, the clinical treatment effect is not outstanding. In recent years, some scholars have proposed the concept of tissue-induced biomaterials that can induce bone regeneration through a scaffold structure without adding cytokines. By optimizing the scaffold structure, the performance of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds is improved and the osteogenesis effect is promoted, which provides ideas for the design and improvement of tissue-engineered bones in the future. In this study, the current understanding of the bone tissue structure is summarized through the discussion of current bone tissue engineering, and the current research on micro-nano bionic structure scaffolds and their osteogenesis mechanism is analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shilang Xiong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanrui Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhisheng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Department of Traumatology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingtang Li
- Department of Traumatology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linghua Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinhua People’s Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Long Xiong,
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Mäkitie RE, Costantini A, Kämpe A, Alm JJ, Mäkitie O. New Insights Into Monogenic Causes of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30858824 PMCID: PMC6397842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by deteriorated bone microarchitecture and low bone mineral density, is a chronic skeletal disease with high worldwide prevalence. Osteoporosis related to aging is the most common form and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Rare, monogenic forms of osteoporosis have their onset usually in childhood or young adulthood and have specific phenotypic features and clinical course depending on the underlying cause. The most common form is osteogenesis imperfecta linked to mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the two genes encoding type I collagen. However, in the past years, remarkable advancements in bone research have expanded our understanding of the intricacies behind bone metabolism and identified novel molecular mechanisms contributing to skeletal health and disease. Especially high-throughput sequencing techniques have made family-based studies an efficient way to identify single genes causative of rare monogenic forms of osteoporosis and these have yielded several novel genes that encode proteins partaking in type I collagen modification or regulating bone cell function directly. New forms of monogenic osteoporosis, such as autosomal dominant osteoporosis caused by WNT1 mutations or X-linked osteoporosis due to PLS3 mutations, have revealed previously unidentified bone-regulating proteins and clarified specific roles of bone cells, expanded our understanding of possible inheritance mechanisms and paces of disease progression, and highlighted the potential of monogenic bone diseases to extend beyond the skeletal tissue. The novel gene discoveries have introduced new challenges to the classification and diagnosis of monogenic osteoporosis, but also provided promising new molecular targets for development of pharmacotherapies. In this article we give an overview of the recent discoveries in the area of monogenic forms of osteoporosis, describing the key cellular mechanisms leading to skeletal fragility, the major recent research findings and the essential challenges and avenues in future diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J. Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Outi Mäkitie
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Dedic C, Hung TS, Shipley AM, Maeda A, Gardella T, Miller AL, Divieti Pajevic P, Kunkel JG, Rubinacci A. Calcium fluxes at the bone/plasma interface: Acute effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and targeted deletion of PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor in the osteocytes. Bone 2018; 116:135-143. [PMID: 30053608 PMCID: PMC6158063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]) in the systemic extracellular fluid, ECF-[Ca2+], is maintained around a genetically predetermined set-point, which combines the operational level of the kidney and bone/ECF interfaces. The ECF-[Ca2+] is maintained within a narrow oscillation range by the regulatory action of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Calcitonin, FGF-23, and 1,25(OH)2D3. This model implies two correction mechanisms, i.e. tubular Ca2+ reabsorption and osteoclast Ca2+ resorption. Although their alterations have an effect on the ECF-[Ca2+] maintenance, they cannot fully account for rapid correction of the continuing perturbations of plasma [Ca2+], which occur daily in life. The existence of Ca2+ fluxes at quiescent bone surfaces fulfills the role of a short-term error correction mechanism in Ca2+ homeostasis. To explore the hypothesis that PTH regulates the cell system responsible for the fast Ca2+ fluxes at the bone/ECF interface, we have performed direct real-time measurements of Ca2+ fluxes at the surface of ex-vivo metatarsal bones maintained in physiological conditions mimicking ECF, and exposed to PTH. To further characterize whether the PTH receptor on osteocytes is a critical component of the minute-to-minute ECF-[Ca2+] regulation, metatarsal bones from mice lacking the PTH receptor in these cells were tested ex vivo for rapid Ca2+ exchange. We performed direct real-time measurements of Ca2+ fluxes and concentration gradients by a scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET). To validate ex vivo measurements, we also evaluated acute calcemic response to PTH in vivo in mice lacking PTH receptors in osteocytes vs littermate controls. Our data demonstrated that Ca2+ fluxes at the bone-ECF interface in excised bones as well as acute calcemic response in the short-term were unaffected by PTH exposure and its signaling through its receptor in osteocytes. Rapid minute-to-minute regulation of the ECF-[Ca2+] was found to be independent of PTH actions on osteocytes. Similarly, mice lacking PTH receptor in osteocytes, responded to PTH challenge with similar calcemic increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dedic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tin Shing Hung
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Akira Maeda
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Chugai Pharmaceutical, Japan
| | | | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G Kunkel
- Pickus Center for Biomedical Research, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Sun Q, Choudhary S, Mannion C, Kissin Y, Zilberberg J, Lee WY. Ex vivo replication of phenotypic functions of osteocytes through biomimetic 3D bone tissue construction. Bone 2018; 106:148-155. [PMID: 29066313 PMCID: PMC5694355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, residing as 3-dimensionally (3D) networked cells in bone, are well known to regulate bone and mineral homeostasis and have been recently implicated to interact with cancer cells to influence the progression of bone metastases. In this study, a bone tissue consisting of 3D-networked primary human osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells was constructed using: (1) the biomimetic close-packed assembly of 20-25μm microbeads with primary cells isolated from human bone samples and MLO-A5 cells and (2) subsequent perfusion culture in a microfluidic device. With this 3D tissue construction approach, we replicated ex vivo, for the first time, the mechanotransduction function of human primary osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells by correlating the effects of cyclic compression on down-regulated SOST and DKK1 expressions. Also, as an example of using our ex vivo model to evaluate therapeutic agents, we confirmed previously reported findings that parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases SOST and increases the ratio of RANKL and OPG. In comparison to other in vitro models, our ex vivo model: (1) replicates the cell density, phenotype, and functions of primary human osteocytes and MLO-A5 cells and (2) thus provides a clinically relevant means of studying bone diseases and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Saba Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Ciaran Mannion
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yair Kissin
- Department of Orthopeidc Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- Department of Biomedical Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Woo Y Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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5
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Campos-Obando N, Koek WNH, Hooker ER, van der Eerden BC, Pols HA, Hofman A, van Leeuwen JP, Uitterlinden AG, Nielson CM, Zillikens MC. Serum Phosphate Is Associated With Fracture Risk: The Rotterdam Study and MrOS. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1182-1193. [PMID: 28177140 PMCID: PMC5466477 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extreme phosphate levels (P) have been associated with mineralization defects and increased fracture risk. Whether P within normal range is related to bone health in the general population is not well understood. To investigate the association of P with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk, we assessed two population-based cohorts: the Dutch Rotterdam Study (RS-I, RS-II, RS-III; n = 6791) and the US Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS; n = 5425) study. The relationship of P with lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD was tested in all cohorts via linear models; fracture risk was tested in RS-I, RS-II, and MrOS through Cox models, after follow-up of 8.6, 6.6, and 10.9 years, respectively. Adjustments were made for age, body mass index, smoking, serum levels of calcium, potassium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), FN-BMD, prevalent diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Additional adjustments were made for phosphate intake, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in MrOS. We further stratified by eGFR. Results were pooled through study-level meta-analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) and betas (β) (from meta-analyses) are expressed per 1 mg/dL P increase. P was positively associated with fracture risk in men and women from RS, and findings were replicated in MrOS (pooled HR all [95% CI]: 1.47 [1.31-1.65]). P was associated with fracture risk in subjects without chronic kidney disease (CKD): all (1.44 [1.26-1.63]) and in men with CKD (1.93 [1.42-2.62]). P was inversely related to LS-BMD in men (β: -0.06 [-0.11 to -0.02]) and not to FN-BMD in either sex. In summary, serum P was positively related to fracture risk independently from BMD and phosphate intake after adjustments for potential confounders. P and LS-BMD were negatively related in men. Our findings suggest that increased P levels even within normal range might be deleterious for bone health in the normal population. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Nadia H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth R Hooker
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Huibert A Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie M Nielson
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiang B, Liu Y, Xie L, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Gan X, Yu H. The osteoclasts attach to the bone surface where the extracellular calcium concentration decreases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:553-558. [PMID: 27718044 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts demineralize and resorb bone once they attach to its surface. However, it's still unclear how the osteoclasts choose the specific sites for their attachments. It is postulated in this article that the decreased extracellular free ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+[e]) can provide a microenvironment for osteoclasts to recognize and then initiate the attachment process. The osteoclasts initially attach to the bone surface via integrating its integrin αvβ3 and RGD containing ligands in bone matrix. Through the interaction with RGD-containing ligand, the integrin αvβ3 forms carboxylate oxygen noncovalent, which is further stabilized by accompanied electrostatic interaction between the Ca2+ and the β3 subunit. There are two types of cation-binding sites on the β3 subunit: the high affinity Ca2+ binding site ("LC" site) that activates the osteoclasts by promoting the combination; the low affinity Ca2+ binding site ("I" site, also named ADMIDAS) that deactivates the osteoclasts by dissociating the combination and it can override the "LC" site's positive effect on osteoclasts when necessary. Normally the Ca2+ concentration of bone extracellular fluid is maintained within a normal range by osteocytes, keeping the "I" sites activated. When the osteocytes' function stalls and the ambient Ca2+ concentration falls below the affinity discrimination threshold between the "I" site and the "LC" site, the "LC" site's promoting function starts to out compete the "I" site in its inhibitory effect, in which case the inactive integrin αvβ3 turns into an extended active form and the osteoclasts start to attach, signifying the initiation of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilu Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China.
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Jang MG, Lee JY, Yang JY, Park H, Kim JH, Kim JE, Shin CS, Kim SY, Kim SW. Intermittent PTH treatment can delay the transformation of mature osteoblasts into lining cells on the periosteal surfaces. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:532-9. [PMID: 26303221 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature osteoblasts have three fates: as osteocytes, quiescent lining cells, or osteoblasts that undergo apoptosis. However, whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) can modulate the fate of mature osteoblasts in vivo is uncertain. We performed a lineage-tracing study using an inducible gene system. Dmp1-CreERt2 mice were crossed with Rosa26R reporter mice to obtain targeted mature osteoblasts and their descendants, lining cells or osteocytes, which were detected using X-gal staining. Rosa26R:Dmp1-CreERt2(+) mice were injected with 0.25 mg 4-OH-tamoxifen (4-OHTam) on postnatal days 5, 7, 9, 16, and 23. In a previous study, at 22 days after the last 4-OHTam, most LacZ+ cells on the periosteal surface were inactive lining cells. On day 25 (D25), the mice were challenged with an injection of human PTH (1-34, 80 μg/kg) or vehicle daily for 10 (D36) or 20 days (D46). We evaluated the number and thickness of LacZ+ osteoblast descendants in the calvaria and tibia. In the vehicle group, the number and thickness of LacZ+ osteoblast descendants at both D36 and D46 significantly decreased compared to D25, which was attenuated in the PTH group. In line with these results, PTH inhibited the decrease in the number of LacZ+/osteocalcin-positive cells compared to vehicle at both D36 and D46. As well, the serum levels of sclerostin decreased, as did the protein expression of sclerostin in the cortical bone. These results suggest that intermittent PTH treatment can increase the number of periosteal osteoblasts by preventing mature osteoblasts from transforming into lining cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University, 20 Boramae-Ro 5-Gil, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-707, Republic of Korea.
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Rosa N, Simoes R, Magalhães FD, Marques AT. From mechanical stimulus to bone formation: A review. Med Eng Phys 2016; 37:719-28. [PMID: 26117332 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a remarkable tissue that can respond to external stimuli. The importance of mechanical forces on the mass and structural development of bone has long been accepted. This adaptation behaviour is very complex and involves multidisciplinary concepts, and significant progress has recently been made in understanding this process. In this review, we describe the state of the art studies in this area and highlight current insights while simultaneously clarifying some basic yet essential topics related to the origin of mechanical stimulus in bone, the biomechanisms associated with mechanotransduction, the nature of physiological bone stimuli and the test systems most commonly used to study the mechanical stimulation of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rosa
- DEMec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Simoes
- Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, School of Technology, Campus do IPCA, 4750-810 Barcelos, Portugal; Institute for Polymers and Composites IPC/I3N, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Torres Marques
- DEMec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Recknor CP, Recker RR, Benson CT, Robins DA, Chiang AY, Alam J, Hu L, Matsumoto T, Sowa H, Sloan JH, Konrad RJ, Mitlak BH, Sipos AA. The Effect of Discontinuing Treatment With Blosozumab: Follow-up Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1717-25. [PMID: 25707611 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Administration of blosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin, increases bone formation and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with low BMD. To evaluate the effect of discontinuing blosozumab, we studied women enrolled in a 1-year randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial for an additional year after they completed treatment. Of the 120 women initially enrolled in the study, 106 women completed treatment and continued into follow-up; 88 women completed 1 year of follow-up. At the beginning of follow-up, groups remained balanced for age, race, and body mass index, but lumbar spine and total hip BMD were increased in prior blosozumab groups, reflecting an anabolic treatment effect. At the end of follow-up, 1 year after discontinuing treatment, lumbar spine BMD remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (6.9% and 3.6% above baseline, respectively). Total hip BMD also declined after discontinuation of treatment but at 1 year after treatment remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg Q2W and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (3.9% and 2.6% above baseline, respectively). During follow-up, median serum P1NP was not consistently different between the prior blosozumab groups and placebo. A similar pattern was apparent for median serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) levels, with more variability. Mean serum total sclerostin concentration increased with blosozumab, indicating target engagement, and declined to baseline after discontinuation. There were no adverse events considered related to prior treatment with blosozumab. Anti-drug antibodies generally declined in patients who had detectable levels during prior treatment. These findings support the continued study of blosozumab as an anabolic therapy for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leijun Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fuji Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Kato H, Ochiai-Shino H, Onodera S, Saito A, Shibahara T, Azuma T. Promoting effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 in osteogenic differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells to osteocyte-like cells. Open Biol 2015; 5:140201. [PMID: 25652541 PMCID: PMC4345281 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a new method to purify the induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived osteoprogenitors (iPSop). In this paper, we optimized the procedure and characterized cells at each process step. We observed that 10 days of treatment with FGF-2, IGF-1 and TGF-β (FIT) resulted in early-phase osteoblasts and 14 days of treatment resulted in late-phase osteoblasts. We found that treatment with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 increased expression of osteocalcin and decreased expression of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in iPSop-day14 cells (cells treated with FIT for 14 days). Therefore, iPSop-day14 cells were promoted to mature osteoblasts by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 treatment. In addition, we found that 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 treatment for 14 days enhanced not only mineralization but also expression of osteocyte markers, including dentin matrix protein-1 and fibroblast growth factor-23, in iPSop cells. Therefore, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 is a potent promoter of osteoblast–osteocyte transition. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to evaluate both early- and late-phase osteoblasts and to apply cells to drug screening for anabolic drugs that stimulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shibahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Lee WY. Brief review of articles in 'endocrinology and metabolism' in 2013. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:251-6. [PMID: 25309783 PMCID: PMC4192822 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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