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Differential Association of Selected Adipocytokines, Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Visfatin and Chemerin, with the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Case Control Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050735. [PMID: 35629157 PMCID: PMC9143828 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sedentary lifestyles, urbanization and improvements in socio-economic status have had serious effects on the burden of diabetes across the world. Diabetes is one of the 10 leading causes of death globally, and individuals with diabetes have a 2–3-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality. Adipose tissue is increasingly understood as a highly active endocrine gland that secretes many biologically active substances, including adipocytokines. However, the exact and discrete pathophysiological links between obesity and T2DM are not yet fully elucidated. Methods: In the current study, we present the association of five diverse adipocytokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin and chemerin, with T2DM in 87 patients (46 males and 41 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 85 healthy controls (44 males and 41 females) from the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. The patients were divided into four groups: normal BMI, overweight, obese and severely obese. The baseline biochemical characteristics, including HbA1c and anthropometric lipid indices, such as BMI and waist–hip ratio, were determined by standard procedures, whereas the selected adipokine levels were assayed by ELISA. Results: The results showed significantly decreased levels of adiponectin in the T2DM patients compared to the control group, and the decrease was more pronounced in obese and severely obese T2DM patients. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the females compared to the males in the controls as well as all the four groups of T2DM patients. In the male T2DM patients, a progressive increase was observed in the leptin levels as the BMI increased, although these only reached significantly altered levels in the obese and severely obese patients. The serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the severely obese female patients compared to the controls, patients with normal BMI, and overweight patients. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese patients compared to the controls, patients with normal BMI, and overweight patients in both genders. The serum resistin levels did not show any significant differences between the males and females in thr controls or in the T2DM groups, irrespective of the BMI status of the T2DM patients. The visfatin levels did not reveal any significant gender-based differences, but significantly higher levels of visfatin were observed in the T2DM patients, irrespective of their level of obesity, although the higher values were observed in the obese and highly obese patients. Similarly, the serum chemerin levels in the controls, as well as in T2DM patients, did not show any significant gender-based differences. However, in the T2DM patients, the chemerin levels showed a progressive increase, with the increase in BMI reaching highly significant levels in the obese and severely obese patients, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, it is concluded that significantly altered concentrations of four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and chemerin, were found in the T2DM patient group compared to the controls, with more pronounced alterations observed in the obese and highly obese patients. Thus, it can be surmised that these four adipokines play a profound role in the onset, progression and associated complications of T2DM. In view of the relatively small sample size in our study, future prospective studies are needed on a large sample size to explore the in-depth relationship between adipokines and T2DM.
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Gong X, You L, Li F, Chen Q, Chen C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xuan W, Sun K, Lao G, Wang C, Li Y, Xu M, Ren M, Yan L. The association of adiponectin with risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in different subgroups: cluster analysis of a general population in south China. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1410-1419. [PMID: 34612844 PMCID: PMC8630761 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with an important role in glucose metabolism. The present study explored the effect of adiponectin in diverse population groups on pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes. METHODS A total of 3300 individuals were enrolled and their data were collected in the analyses dataset from December 2018 to October 2019. Cluster analysis was conducted based on age, BMI, waistline, body fat, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin 1c. Cluster analysis divided the participants into four groups: a young-healthy group, an elderly-hypertension group, a high glucose-lipid group, and an obese group. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with the first quartile of adiponectin, the risk of pre-diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 61% (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI (0.20-0.73)) in the young-healthy group; and the risk of diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 85% (aOR = 0.15, 95% CI (0.02-0.67)) in the obese group. There were no significant correlations between the adiponectin level and diabetes/pre-diabetes in the other two groups. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that adiponectin could significantly improve the diagnosis based on models in the young-healthy group (from 0.640 to 0.675) and the obese group (from 0.714 to 0.761). CONCLUSIONS Increased adiponectin levels were associated with decreased risk of pre-diabetes in the young-healthy population, and with a decreased the risk of diabetes in the obese population. An increased adiponectin level is an independent protective factor for pre-diabetes and diabetes in a specific population in south China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaogang Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojuan Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Ren or L Yan: or
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Ren or L Yan: or
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Murai N, Saito N, Nii S, Nishikawa Y, Suzuki A, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Hashizume M, Kigawa Y, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Endo K, Iizaka T, Otsuka F, Ishibashi S, Nagasaka S. Postloading insulinemia is independently associated with arterial stiffness in young Japanese persons. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1515-1523. [PMID: 34518649 PMCID: PMC8568691 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Associations of arterial stiffness with glucose, insulin, and proinsulin dynamics during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) remain under debate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma glucose (PG), insulin, and proinsulin (Pro) contribute to arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), in young Japanese persons. PG, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and Pro levels were determined in 1193 young Japanese subjects (<40 years of age) with normal glucose tolerance or nondiabetic hyperglycemia before and at 30, 60, and 120 min during a 75-g OGTT. Participants were divided into two groups according to the median PWV. Background factors, PG, IRI, and Pro levels during the OGTT, and insulin sensitivity (SI) indices in each group were compared. Several multiple regression analysis models were used to evaluate factors contributing to PWV. All IRI and Pro levels before and after glucose loading and the area under the curve (AUC) values for IRI and Pro increased with higher PWV. 1/HOMA-IR and ISI-Matsuda as measures of SI decreased with higher PWV. The IRI AUC and Pro level before glucose loading (Pro0) were independently associated with PWV, in addition to male sex, heart rate, and mean blood pressure. The IRI AUC had a stronger relationship with PWV than Pro0. The IRI AUC had an independent relationship with PWV, whereas both SI indices did not. Postloading insulinemia, but not reduced SI, was independently associated with arterial stiffness in young Japanese persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Murai
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoko Saito
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nii
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuto Nishikawa
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Asami Suzuki
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Eriko Kodama
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iida
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kentaro Mikura
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Mai Hashizume
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kigawa
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Rie Tadokoro
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toru Iizaka
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Fumiko Otsuka
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- grid.412808.70000 0004 1764 9041Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan ,grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Alfaqih MA, Al-Mughales F, Al-Shboul O, Al Qudah M, Khader YS, Al-Jarrah M. Association of Adiponectin and rs1501299 of the ADIPOQ Gene with Prediabetes in Jordan. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040117. [PMID: 30360393 PMCID: PMC6316320 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health problem caused by resistance to insulin action. This chronic debilitating diseaseis preceded by a stage, known as prediabetes, in which a healthy lifestyle can delay the disease. The discovery of biochemical changes in prediabetes is important to identify individuals at risk of developing T2DM and in explaining disease pathogenesis. Adiponectin is secreted by fat cells and is linked with insulin resistance. Adiponectin levels are dysregulated in prediabetic subjects. This relationship had not been tested in Jordan. We recruited 130 subjects with prediabetes and 130 control subjects. We measured serum levels of adiponectin and genotyped subjects for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene; rs266729, rs1501299 and rs2241766. In multivariate analysis, we found that serum adiponectin lowers the risk of prediabetes (p = 0.002; odds ratio (OR), 0.764; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.646⁻0.905). The rs1501299 SNP of the ADIPOQ gene was associated with prediabetes in our population (p = 0.041). Specifically, in multivariate analysis, the GT genotype of rs1501299 increased the risk of prediabetes (p = 0.010; OR, 2.350; 95% CI, 1.231⁻4.486) as well as the TT genotype (p = 0.006; OR, 4.774; 95% CI, 1.551⁻14.693). Our findings indicate that serum adiponectin and SNPs in the ADIPOQ gene are associated with prediabetes in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Al Qudah
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Muhammad Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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