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Gunjača I, Babić Leko M, Pleić N, Jurić A, Brdar D, Torlak V, Vuletić M, Punda A, Polašek O, Hayward C, Zemunik T. Impact of dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors on calcitonin levels in a healthy population. Bone 2024; 187:117214. [PMID: 39068960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT), a hormone secreted by thyroid parafollicular C cells, plays a role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Understanding the relationship between CT levels and dietary, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors is essential for public health and hormonal balance studies. This study encompassed 3323 healthy participants from the Croatian biobank. We utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce food items into dietary patterns. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between CT levels and data collected through questionnaires, accounting for age and sex. CT levels exhibited sex-specific differences, with higher values observed in males. Positive associations were found between CT levels and age, body mass index (BMI), as well as weekly consumption of white and red wine mixed with water. While height and sternal notch-finger length initially correlated positively with CT levels, this relationship reversed upon adjusting for age and sex. Regarding sport activities, CT levels were significantly increased in non-participants compared to occasional sport participants (p = 0.043). Dietary factors yielded intriguing findings, with frequent consumption of butter, animal fat and veal associated with lower CT levels, while higher CT levels were associated with the frequent consumption of white fish, blue fish, pasta, and rice. However, no significant correlation was found between CT levels and bone mineral density (BMD), weight, or body surface area (BSA). This study highlights the complex interplay of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors influencing CT levels. These findings suggest that a broad range of factors should be considered in hormonal balance studies, underlining their potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ante Jurić
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Dubravka Brdar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Marko Vuletić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, School of Medicine Split, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2a, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
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Trimboli P, Peloni G, Confalonieri D, Gamarra E, Piticchio T, Frasca F, Makovac P, Piccardo A, Ruinelli L. Determinants of circulating calcitonin value: analysis of thyroid features, demographic data, anthropometric characteristics, comorbidities, medications, and smoking habits in a population with histological full exclusion of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1278816. [PMID: 38347847 PMCID: PMC10859508 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1278816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcitonin (Ctn) measurement is crucial for the early diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, Ctn levels can be skewed/elevated due to other reasons, and the Ctn upper reference value remains controversial. In this field, studies have heterogeneous settings, published data are controversial, and no evidence has been achieved. The study's aim was to evaluate all previously investigated Ctn determinants in a population with histological exclusion of MTC. Methods The institutional records from 2010 to 2022 were reviewed to select patients with thyroid nodules who had undergone total thyroidectomy with histological exclusion of MTC and who had tested for Ctn just before surgery. Thyroid features, demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, medications, and lifestyle information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 127 cases were included. The median age for thyroidectomy was 51 years. Median Ctn was 1.04 pg/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 1.04-2.77), with two cases having values above 10 pg/mL. In univariate analysis, Ctn was correlated with gender (p < 0.001), body weight (p = 0.016), height (p = 0.031), body surface area (p = 0.016), thyroid size (p = 0.03), thyroglobulin (p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, the model with the highest accuracy included gender, chronic kidney disease, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with an adjusted R-squared of 0.4. Conclusions This study demonstrates, in a population histologically proven as MTC-free, that the Ctn value is mainly influenced by gender, anthropometric/thyroid features, and chronic kidney disease, with the further impact of TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Peloni
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Dorotea Confalonieri
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gamarra
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Piticchio
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Petra Makovac
- Servizio di Chirurgia, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. "Ospedali Galliera", Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ruinelli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Team Data Science & Research, Area ICT, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Ahmad HM, Zaki ZM, Mohamed AS, Ahmed AE. Some genetic differences in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:274. [PMID: 37849009 PMCID: PMC10580500 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D is important for bone and cartilage metabolism. Changes in vitamin D blood level may be related to pathological disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The main aim of this study is to investigate the association between RA and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes FokI and TaqI polymorphisms. One hundred RA patients and fifty healthy matched controls were assessed for VDR FokI and TaqI genotyping. Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) levels were measured, categorized, and compared between the cases and control groups. RESULTS We found that the FokI genotype frequencies for the RA cases and control groups were FF:Ff:ff = 46%:52%:2% and 50%:50%:0%, respectively (P = 0.76). The TaqI genotype frequencies for the RA cases and control groups were TT:Tt:tt = 45%:44%:11% and 42%:42%:16%, respectively (P = 0.69). A statistically significant high serum PTH level was associated with the ff genotype (p = 0.03), and a significantly low serum Ca level was associated with the TT genotype (p = 0.003). In comparison with controls, no influence of VDR FokI and TaqI genotypes on RA susceptibility or risk was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam M. Ahmad
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 61511 Egypt
- Internal Medicine and Biomedical Chemistry Departments, Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Minia, Egypt
| | - Zaki M. Zaki
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511 Egypt
| | - Asmaa S. Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526 Egypt
| | - Amr E. Ahmed
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 61511 Egypt
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Cvek M, Punda A, Brekalo M, Plosnić M, Barić A, Kaličanin D, Brčić L, Vuletić M, Gunjača I, Torlak Lovrić V, Škrabić V, Boraska Perica V. Presence or severity of Hashimoto's thyroiditis does not influence basal calcitonin levels: observations from CROHT biobank. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:597-605. [PMID: 34617251 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) on calcitonin (Ct) production is unresolved question. The aim of this study was to explore if basal Ct levels are influenced by the presence/severity of HT or correlated with clinical phenotypes of HT patients. METHODS We included 467 HT patients and 184 control participants, from Croatian Biobank of HT patients (CROHT), in this retrospective study. Calcitonin levels between HT patients and controls were compared using Mann-Whitney test. Ct levels between two subgroups of HT patients, divided by intake of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy, were additionally tested to take into account the illness severity. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze correlations between Ct levels and 14 relevant phenotypes. RESULTS We have not detected significant differences in median Ct levels between HT patients and controls (2.2 vs 2.35 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.717) nor in-between two subgroups of HT patients (P = 0.347). We have not detected statistically significant correlations between Ct levels and clinical phenotypes, although we identified three weak nominal correlations: negative correlation of Ct with TgAb in all HT patients (r = - 0.1, P = 0.04); negative correlation of Ct with age in subgroup of HT patients without LT4 therapy (r = - 0.13, P = 0.04); positive correlation of Ct with BSA in subgroup of HT patients on LT4 therapy (r = 0.16, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HT patients of all disease stages preserve Ct production as healthy individuals and there is no need for Ct measurements in the absence of a nodule. Additional confirmation and clarification of observed nominal correlations are needed due to potential clinical relevance of TgAb and age-dependent Ct decrease in HT women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cvek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - A Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Brekalo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Plosnić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - A Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - D Kaličanin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - L Brčić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - M Vuletić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - I Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - V Torlak Lovrić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Škrabić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
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Environmental Factors That Affect Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010044. [PMID: 35008468 PMCID: PMC8744774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are involved in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism and maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body. Therefore, an understanding of environmental and genetic factors influencing PTH and calcitonin levels is crucial. Genetic factors are estimated to account for 60% of variations in PTH levels, while the genetic background of interindividual calcitonin variations has not yet been studied. In this review, we analyzed the literature discussing the influence of environmental factors (lifestyle factors and pollutants) on PTH and calcitonin levels. Among lifestyle factors, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diet, alcohol, and exercise were analyzed; among pollutants, heavy metals and chemicals were analyzed. Lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with PTH levels were smoking, BMI, exercise, and micronutrients taken from the diet (vitamin D and calcium). Smoking, vitamin D, and calcium intake led to a decrease in PTH levels, while higher BMI and exercise led to an increase in PTH levels. In terms of pollutants, exposure to cadmium led to a decrease in PTH levels, while exposure to lead increased PTH levels. Several studies have investigated the effect of chemicals on PTH levels in humans. Compared to PTH studies, a smaller number of studies analyzed the influence of environmental factors on calcitonin levels, which gives great variability in results. Only a few studies have analyzed the influence of pollutants on calcitonin levels in humans. The lifestyle factor with the clearest relationship with calcitonin was smoking (smokers had increased calcitonin levels). Given the importance of PTH and calcitonin in maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone mineral metabolism, additional studies on the influence of environmental factors that could affect PTH and calcitonin levels are crucial.
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