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Malicka MI, Field RW, Ryzner S, Stasik A, Ubachs W, Heays AN, de Oliveira N, Szajna W, Hakalla R. FT-spectroscopy of the 12C 18O rare isotopologue and deperturbation analysis of the A 1Π(v = 3) level. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124011. [PMID: 38428210 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Research on 12C18O was carried out using two complementary Fourier-transform methods: (1) vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, with an accuracy ca. 0.03 cm-1 on the DESIRS beamline (SOLEIL synchrotron) and (2) visible emission spectroscopy with an accuracy of about 0.005-0.007 cm-1 by means of the Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer (University of Rzeszów). The maximum rotational quantum number of the energy levels involved in the observed spectral lines was Jmax = 54. An effective Hamiltonian and the term-value fitting approach were implemented for the precise analysis of the A1Π(v = 3) level in 12C18O. It was performed by means of the PGOPHER code. The data set consisted of 571 spectral lines belonging to the A1Π-X1Σ+(3, 0), B1Σ+-A1Π(0, 3), C1Σ+-A1Π(0, 3) bands and several lines involving states that perturb the A1Π(v = 3) level as well as to the previously analysed B1Σ+-X1Σ+(0, 0) and C1Σ+-X1Σ+(0, 0) transitions. A significantly extended quantum-mechanical description of the A1Π(v = 3) level in 12C18O was provided. It consists of the 5 new unimolecular interactions of the spin-orbit and rotation-electronic nature, which had not been taken into account previously in the literature. The ro-vibronic term values of the A1Π(v = 3, Jmax = 55), a'3Σ+(v = 13), D1Δ(v = 4) and I1Σ-(v = 5) levels were determined with precision improved by a factor of 10 relative to the previously known values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Malicka
- The Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 8 Street, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - R W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA02139, USA
| | - S Ryzner
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1 Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; Doctoral School of the University of Rzeszów, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16C Street, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - A Stasik
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1 Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A N Heays
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - N de Oliveira
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Orme de Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - W Szajna
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1 Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - R Hakalla
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1 Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Bai QQ, Fang ZJ, Wang XF, Zhang Y, Zhao XH, Zhao PD. Charge Transfer and Level Lifetime in Molecular Photon-Absorption upon the Quantum Impedance Lorentz Oscillator. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19950-19962. [PMID: 37305236 PMCID: PMC10249119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On the strength of the new quantum impedance Lorentz oscillator (QILO) model, a charge-transfer method in molecular photon-absorption is proposed and imaged via the numerical simulations of 1- and 2-photon-absorption (1PA and 2PA) behaviors of the organic compounds LB3 and M4 in this paper. According to the frequencies at the peaks and the full width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of the linear absorptive spectra of the two compounds, we first calculate the effective quantum numbers before and after the electronic transitions. Thus, we obtain the molecular average dipole moments, i.e., 1.8728 × 10-29 C·m (5.6145 D) for LB3 and 1.9626 × 10-29 C·m (5.8838 D) for M4 in the ground state in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Then, the molecular 2PA cross sections corresponding to wavelength are theoretically inferred and figured out by QILO. As a result, the theoretical cross sections turn out to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. Our results reveal such a charge-transfer image in 1PA near wavelength 425 nm, where an atomic electron of LB3 jumps from the ground-state ellipse orbit with the semimajor axis ai = 1.2492 × 10-10m = 1.2492 Å and semiminor axis bi = 0.4363 Å to the excited-state circle (aj = bj = 2.5399 Å). In addition, during its 2PA process, the same transitional electron in the ground state is excited to the elliptic orbit with aj = 2.5399 Å and bj =1.3808 Å, in which the molecular dipole moment reaches as high as 3.4109 × 10-29 C·m (10.2256 D). In addition, we obtain a level-lifetime formula with the microparticle collision idea of thermal motion, which indicates that the level lifetime is proportional (not inverse) to the damping coefficient or FWHM of an absorptive spectrum. The lifetimes of the two compounds at some excited states are calculated and presented. This formula may be used as an experimental method to verify 1PA and 2PA transition selection rules. The QILO model exhibits the advantage of simplifying the calculation complexity and reducing the high cost associated with the first principle in dealing with quantum properties of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Bai
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zheng-Ji Fang
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xing-Hua Zhao
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Pei-De Zhao
- School
of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Hebei
Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
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Lewis TN, Wang C, Daniel JR, Dhital M, Bardeen CJ, Hemmerling B. Optimizing pulsed-laser ablation production of AlCl molecules for laser cooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22785-22793. [PMID: 34610064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum monochloride (AlCl) has been proposed as a promising candidate for laser cooling to ultracold temperatures, and recent spectroscopy results support this prediction. It is challenging to produce large numbers of AlCl molecules because it is a highly reactive open-shell molecule and must be generated in situ. Here we show that pulsed-laser ablation of stable, non-toxic mixtures of Al with alkali or alkaline earth chlorides, denoted XCln, can provide a robust and reliable source of cold AlCl molecules. Both the chemical identity of XCln and the Al : XCln molar ratio are varied, and the yield of AlCl is monitored using absorption spectroscopy in a cryogenic gas. For KCl, the production of Al and K atoms was also monitored. We model the AlCl production in the limits of nonequilibrium recombination dominated by first-encounter events. The non-equilibrium model is in agreement with the data and also reproduces the observed trend with different XCln precursors. We find that AlCl production is limited by the solid-state densities of Al and Cl atoms and the recondensation of Al atoms in the ablation plume. We suggest future directions for optimizing the production of cold AlCl molecules using laser ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - John R Daniel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Madhav Dhital
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is intended to give a comprehensive overview of the current status and developments of the Paris Observatory STARK-B, MOLAT and SESAM databases which can be interrogated thanks to interoperability tools. The STARK-B database provides shifting and broadening parameters of different atomic and ionic transitions due to impacts with charged particles (the so-called Stark broadening) for different temperatures and densities. The spectroscopic MOLAT and SESAM databases provide the wavelengths, the oscillator strengths or Einstein spontaneous emission coefficients of H 2 , CO and isotopologues molecules.
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Syme AM, Mousley A, Cunningham M, McKemmish LK. Diatomic Rovibronic Transitions as Potential Probes for Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio Across Cosmological Time. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astrophysical molecular spectroscopy is an important method of searching for new physics through probing the variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ, with existing constraints limiting variation to a fractional change of less than 10−17per year. To improve on this constraint and therefore provide better guidance to theories of new physics, new molecular probes will be useful. These probes must have spectral transitions that are observable astrophysically and have different sensitivities to variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Here, we concisely detail how the set of potential molecular probes and promising sensitive transitions is constrained based on how the frequency and intensity of these transitions align with available telescopes. Our detailed investigation focuses on rovibronic transitions in astrophysical diatomic molecules, using the spectroscopic models of 11 diatomics to identify sensitive transitions and probe how they generally arise in real complex molecules with many electronic states and fine structure. While none of the 11 diatomics investigated have sensitive transitions likely to be astrophysically observable, we have found that at high temperatures (1000K) five of these diatomics have a significant number of low intensity sensitive transitions arising from an accidental near-degeneracy between vibrational levels in the ground and excited electronic states. This insight enables screening of all astrophysical diatomics as potential probes of proton-to-electron mass variation, with CN, CP, SiN and SiC being the most promising candidates for further investigation for sensitivity in rovibronic transitions.
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Gunthardt CE, Wallace CJ, Hall GE, Field RW, North SW. Anomalous Intensities in the 2+1 REMPI Spectrum of the E 1Π-X 1Σ + Transition of CO. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2780-2788. [PMID: 30811199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on one-color experiments near 214 nm involving the photodissociation of jet-cooled OCS to produce high rotational states (40 < J < 80) of CO (X 1Σ+, v = 0, 1) which were then ionized by 2+1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization via the E 1Π state. The nominally forbidden Q-branch of the two-photon E 1Π-X 1Σ+ transition is observed with intensity comparable to the allowed R-branch. The bright character of the high- J Q-branch lines can be described quantitatively as intensity borrowing due to mixing of the E 1Π and C 1Σ+ states, using J-dependent mixing coefficients extrapolated from the observed Λ-doubling in the lower rotational levels of the E state. In addition to the significant enhancement of Q-branch intensities above the values predicted by conventional two-photon line strengths for a 1Π-1Σ+ transition, the high- J lines of the R- and P-branches appear to be suppressed in intensity by approximately a factor of 3 compared to the unperturbed low- J line strengths, most likely due to perturbations associated with a 1Σ- state. The E-state rotational term values for J < 80, v = 0 derived from the present spectra agree within our measurement and calibration uncertainties with the extrapolations based on the molecular constants previously derived from rotational levels with J < 50. The E-X transition is attractive for future application to photodissociation dynamics and rotational polarization measurements of CO photofragments, with convenient access to state-selective probing on multiple rotational branches, which exhibit different sensitivity to fragment alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Gunthardt
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - C J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - G E Hall
- Chemistry Division , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - R W Field
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - S W North
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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Hakalla R, Trivikram TM, Heays AN, Salumbides EJ, de Oliveira N, Field RW, Ubachs W. Precision spectroscopy and comprehensive analysis of perturbations in the A 1∏( v = 0) state of 13C 18O. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1495848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hakalla
- Materials Spectroscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Rzeszów, RZ, Poland
| | - T. M. Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. N. Heays
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - R. W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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