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Barnum TJ, Siebert MA, Lee KLK, Loomis RA, Changala PB, Charnley SB, Sita ML, Xue C, Remijan AJ, Burkhardt AM, McGuire BA, Cooke IR. A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2716-2728. [PMID: 35442689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted an extensive search for nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-bearing heterocycles toward Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1) using the deep, broadband centimeter-wavelength spectral line survey of the region from the GOTHAM large project on the Green Bank Telescope. Despite their ubiquity in terrestrial chemistry, and the confirmed presence of a number of cyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbon species in the source, we find no evidence for the presence of any heterocyclic species. Here, we report the derived upper limits on the column densities of these molecules obtained by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis and compare this approach to traditional single-line upper limit measurements. We further hypothesize why these molecules are absent in our data, how they might form in interstellar space, and the nature of observations that would be needed to secure their detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Union College, Schenectady, New York 12308, United States
| | - Mark A Siebert
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan A Loomis
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - P Bryan Changala
- Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Steven B Charnley
- Astrochemistry Laboratory and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Madelyn L Sita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ci Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anthony J Remijan
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Andrew M Burkhardt
- Department of Physics, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Brett A McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States.,Center for Astrophysics
- Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ilsa R Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Turrini D, Codella C, Danielski C, Fedele D, Fonte S, Garufi A, Guarcello MG, Helled R, Ikoma M, Kama M, Kimura T, Kruijssen JMD, Maldonado J, Miguel Y, Molinari S, Nikolaou A, Oliva F, Panić O, Pignatari M, Podio L, Rickman H, Schisano E, Shibata S, Vazan A, Wolkenberg P. Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 53:225-278. [PMID: 35673554 PMCID: PMC9166885 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the Ariel space mission is to observe a large and diversified population of transiting planets around a range of host star types to collect information on their atmospheric composition. The planetary bulk and atmospheric compositions bear the marks of the way the planets formed: Ariel's observations will therefore provide an unprecedented wealth of data to advance our understanding of planet formation in our Galaxy. A number of environmental and evolutionary factors, however, can affect the final atmospheric composition. Here we provide a concise overview of which factors and effects of the star and planet formation processes can shape the atmospheric compositions that will be observed by Ariel, and highlight how Ariel's characteristics make this mission optimally suited to address this very complex problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Turrini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - Claudio Codella
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50127 Firenze, Italy
| | - Camilla Danielski
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Davide Fedele
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50127 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sergio Fonte
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Garufi
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50127 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Ravit Helled
- Institute for Computational Science, Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masahiro Ikoma
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mihkel Kama
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
| | - Tadahiro Kimura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - J. M. Diederik Kruijssen
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstraße 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesus Maldonado
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Yamila Miguel
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
- SRON - Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Molinari
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Athanasia Nikolaou
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Rome, 00185 Italy
- European Space Agency, ESRIN, ESA Φ-lab, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Olja Panić
- School of Physics and Astronomy, E. C. Stoner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Marco Pignatari
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklos ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics - Center for the Evolution of the Elements & NuGrid Collaboration, www.nugridstars.org, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Linda Podio
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50127 Firenze, Italy
| | - Hans Rickman
- Centrum Badań Kosmicznykh Polskiej Akademii Nauk (CBK PAN), Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Eugenio Schisano
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Allona Vazan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Astrophysics Research Center of the Open university (ARCO), The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel
| | - Paulina Wolkenberg
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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McGuire BA, Loomis RA, Burkhardt AM, Lee KLK, Shingledecker CN, Charnley SB, Cooke IR, Cordiner MA, Herbst E, Kalenskii S, Siebert MA, Willis ER, Xue C, Remijan AJ, McCarthy MC. Detection of two interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via spectral matched filtering. Science 2021; 371:1265-1269. [PMID: 33737489 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unidentified infrared emission bands are ubiquitous in many astronomical sources. These bands are widely, if not unanimously, attributed to collective emissions from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, yet no single species of this class has been identified in space. Using spectral matched filtering of radio data from the Green Bank Telescope, we detected two nitrile-group-functionalized PAHs, 1- and 2-cyanonaphthalene, in the interstellar medium. Both bicyclic ring molecules were observed in the TMC-1 molecular cloud. In this paper, we discuss potential in situ gas-phase PAH formation pathways from smaller organic precursor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.,Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan A Loomis
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Andrew M Burkhardt
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christopher N Shingledecker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS 66002, USA.,Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steven B Charnley
- Astrochemistry Laboratory and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ilsa R Cooke
- Université de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Physique de Rennes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martin A Cordiner
- Astrochemistry Laboratory and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.,Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Eric Herbst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.,Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sergei Kalenskii
- Astro Space Center, Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark A Siebert
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Eric R Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ci Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Anthony J Remijan
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michael C McCarthy
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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