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Bianchi M, Bisconti F, Blaksley C, Bocci V, Casolino M, Di Clemente F, Drago A, Fuglesang C, Iacoangeli F, Lattanzi M, Marcelli A, Marcelli L, Natoli P, Parizot E, Picozza P, Piotrowski LW, Plebaniak Z, Reali E, Ricci M, Rizzo A, Rizzo G, Szabelski J. Search for Strange Quark Matter and Nuclearites on Board the International Space Station (SQM-ISS): A Future Detector to Search for Massive, Non-Relativistic Objects in Space. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5090. [PMID: 39204786 PMCID: PMC11359484 DOI: 10.3390/s24165090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
SQM-ISS is a detector that will search from the International Space Station for massive particles possibly present among the cosmic rays. Among them, we mention strange quark matter, Q-Balls, lumps of fermionic exotic compact stars, Primordial Black Holes, mirror matter, Fermi balls, etc. These compact, dense objects would be much heavier than normal nuclei, have velocities of galaxy-bound systems, and would be deeply penetrating. The detector is based on a stack of scintillator and piezoelectric elements which can provide information on both the charge state and mass, with the additional timing information allowing to determine the speed of the particle, searching for particles with velocities of the order of galactic rotation speed (v ≲ 250 km/s). In this work, we describe the apparatus and its observational capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bianchi
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Francesca Bisconti
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
| | | | - Valerio Bocci
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Marco Casolino
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
- RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Clemente
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Alessandro Drago
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | | | - Francesco Iacoangeli
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (F.I.)
| | - Massimiliano Lattanzi
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Marcelli
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Laura Marcelli
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Natoli
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (F.D.C.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Etienne Parizot
- APC (Laboratoire Astroparticule & Cosmologie), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs. de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Piergiorgio Picozza
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
| | | | - Zbigniew Plebaniak
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Structure of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Reali
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.M.); (P.P.); (Z.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Marco Ricci
- INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics), National Laboratories of Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Radioprotection Institute (IRP), 00196 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Jacek Szabelski
- Stefan Batory Academy of Applied Sciences, Stefana Batorego 64C, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
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Bombaci I, Drago A, Logoteta D, Pagliara G, Vidaña I. Was GW190814 a Black Hole-Strange Quark Star System? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162702. [PMID: 33961480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility that the low mass companion of the black hole in the source of GW190814 was a strange quark star. This possibility is viable within the so-called two-families scenario in which neutron stars and strange quark stars coexist. Strange quark stars can reach the mass range indicated by GW190814, M∼(2.5-2.67) M_{⊙} due to a large value of the adiabatic index, without the need for a velocity of sound close to the causal limit. Neutron stars (actually hyperonic stars in the two-families scenario) can instead fulfill the presently available astrophysical and nuclear physics constraints which require a softer equation of state. In this scheme it is possible to satisfy both the request of very large stellar masses and of small radii while using totally realistic and physically motivated equations of state. Moreover it is possible to get a radius for a 1.4 M_{⊙} star of the order or less than 11 km, which is impossible if only one family of compact stars exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bombaci
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Drago
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Logoteta
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Pagliara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Vidaña
- INFN Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy
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Bauswein A, Blacker S, Vijayan V, Stergioulas N, Chatziioannou K, Clark JA, Bastian NUF, Blaschke DB, Cierniak M, Fischer T. Equation of State Constraints from the Threshold Binary Mass for Prompt Collapse of Neutron Star Mergers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:141103. [PMID: 33064526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.141103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using hydrodynamical simulations for a large set of high-density matter equations of state (EOSs), we systematically determine the threshold mass M_{thres} for prompt black-hole formation in equal-mass and asymmetric neutron star (NS) mergers. We devise the so far most direct, general, and accurate method to determine the unknown maximum mass of nonrotating NSs from merger observations revealing M_{thres}. Considering hybrid EOSs with hadron-quark phase transition, we identify a new, observable signature of quark matter in NS mergers. Furthermore, our findings have direct applications in gravitational wave searches, kilonova interpretations, and multimessenger constraints on NS properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauswein
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blacker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vimal Vijayan
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Stergioulas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Chatziioannou
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - James A Clark
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Niels-Uwe F Bastian
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
| | - David B Blaschke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
- National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Bogoliubov Laboratory for Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Mateusz Cierniak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
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Sarin N, Lasky PD, Ashton G. Gravitational waves or deconfined quarks: What causes the premature collapse of neutron stars born in short gamma-ray bursts? Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.063021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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The Multi-messenger Matrix: The Future of Neutron Star Merger Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab2ae2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bauswein A, Bastian NUF, Blaschke DB, Chatziioannou K, Clark JA, Fischer T, Oertel M. Identifying a First-Order Phase Transition in Neutron-Star Mergers through Gravitational Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:061102. [PMID: 30822078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We identify an observable imprint of a first-order hadron-quark phase transition at supranuclear densities on the gravitational-wave (GW) emission of neutron-star mergers. Specifically, we show that the dominant postmerger GW frequency f_{peak} may exhibit a significant deviation from an empirical relation between f_{peak} and the tidal deformability if a strong first-order phase transition leads to the formation of a gravitationally stable extended quark matter core in the postmerger remnant. A comparison of the GW signatures from a large, representative sample of microphysical, purely hadronic equations of state indicates that this imprint is only observed in those systems which undergo a strong first-order phase transition. Such a shift of the dominant postmerger GW frequency can be revealed by future GW observations, which would provide evidence for the existence of a strong first-order phase transition in the interior of neutron-stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauswein
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels-Uwe F Bastian
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - David B Blaschke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
- National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia and Bogoliubov Laboratory for Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Katerina Chatziioannou
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - James A Clark
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Micaela Oertel
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Universit Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
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