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Sarin N, Lasky PD, Vivanco FH, Stevenson SP, Chattopadhyay D, Smith R, Thrane E. Linking the rates of neutron star binaries and short gamma-ray bursts. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.083004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rosati P, Basa S, Blain AW, Bozzo E, Branchesi M, Christensen L, Ferrara A, Gomboc A, O’Brien PT, Osborne JP, Rossi A, Schüssler F, Spurio M, Stergioulas N, Stratta G, Amati L, Casewell S, Ciolfi R, Ghirlanda G, Grimm S, Guetta D, Harms J, Le Floc’h E, Longo F, Maggiore M, Mereghetti S, Oganesyan G, Salvaterra R, Tanvir NR, Turriziani S, Vergani SD, Balman S, Caruana J, Erkut MH, Guidorzi G, Frontera F, Martin-Carrillo A, Paltani S, Porquet D, Sergijenko O. Synergies of THESEUS with the large facilities of the 2030s and guest observer opportunities. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 52:407-437. [PMID: 35153378 PMCID: PMC8807471 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The proposed THESEUS mission will vastly expand the capabilities to monitor the high-energy sky. It will specifically exploit large samples of gamma-ray bursts to probe the early universe back to the first generation of stars, and to advance multi-messenger astrophysics by detecting and localizing the counterparts of gravitational waves and cosmic neutrino sources. The combination and coordination of these activities with multi-wavelength, multi-messenger facilities expected to be operating in the 2030s will open new avenues of exploration in many areas of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics, thus adding considerable strength to the overall scientific impact of THESEUS and these facilities. We discuss here a number of these powerful synergies and guest observer opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rosati
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - S. Basa
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - A. W. Blain
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - E. Bozzo
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - M. Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - L. Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - A. Ferrara
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Gomboc
- Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - P. T. O’Brien
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - J. P. Osborne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - A. Rossi
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Spurio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Stergioulas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G. Stratta
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Amati
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Casewell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - R. Ciolfi
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - G. Ghirlanda
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, LC Italy
| | - S. Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - D. Guetta
- ORT Braude, Karmiel, Israel
- Physics Department, University of Ariel, Ariel, West Bank, Israel
| | - J. Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - E. Le Floc’h
- AIM, CEA-Irfu/DAp, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Maggiore
- Départment de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ansermet, CH–1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S. Mereghetti
- INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, AQ Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - R. Salvaterra
- INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N. R. Tanvir
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - S. Turriziani
- Physics Department, Gubkin Russian State University, 65 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - S. D. Vergani
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S. Balman
- Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Beyazit, 34119 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J. Caruana
- Department of Physics and Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080 Malta
| | - M. H. Erkut
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. Guidorzi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - F. Frontera
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat, 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Martin-Carrillo
- School of Physics and Centre for Space Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S. Paltani
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - D. Porquet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
| | - O. Sergijenko
- Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str., 3, Kyiv, 04053 Ukraine
- Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
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Abstract
Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime generated by the acceleration of astrophysical objects; a direct consequence of general relativity, they were first directly observed in 2015. Here, I review the first 5 years of gravitational-wave detections. More than 50 gravitational-wave events have been found, emitted by pairs of merging compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. These signals yield insights into the formation of compact objects and their progenitor stars, enable stringent tests of general relativity, and constrain the behavior of matter at densities higher than that of an atomic nucleus. Mergers that emit both gravitational and electromagnetic waves probe the formation of short gamma-ray bursts and the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, and they measure the local expansion rate of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Vitale
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Sedda MA, Berry CPL, Jani K, Amaro-Seoane P, Auclair P, Baird J, Baker T, Berti E, Breivik K, Caprini C, Chen X, Doneva D, Ezquiaga JM, Ford KES, Katz ML, Kolkowitz S, McKernan B, Mueller G, Nardini G, Pikovski I, Rajendran S, Sesana A, Shao L, Tamanini N, Warburton N, Witek H, Wong K, Zevin M. The missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: A summary of discoveries waiting in the decihertz range. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 51:1427-1440. [PMID: 34720416 PMCID: PMC8536607 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015 the gravitational-wave observations of LIGO and Virgo have transformed our understanding of compact-object binaries. In the years to come, ground-based gravitational-wave observatories such as LIGO, Virgo, and their successors will increase in sensitivity, discovering thousands of stellar-mass binaries. In the 2030s, the space-based LISA will provide gravitational-wave observations of massive black holes binaries. Between the ∼ 10 -103 Hz band of ground-based observatories and the ∼ 1 0 - 4 -10- 1 Hz band of LISA lies the uncharted decihertz gravitational-wave band. We propose a Decihertz Observatory to study this frequency range, and to complement observations made by other detectors. Decihertz observatories are well suited to observation of intermediate-mass ( ∼ 1 0 2 -104 M ⊙) black holes; they will be able to detect stellar-mass binaries days to years before they merge, providing early warning of nearby binary neutron star mergers and measurements of the eccentricity of binary black holes, and they will enable new tests of general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics. Here we summarise how a Decihertz Observatory could provide unique insights into how black holes form and evolve across cosmic time, improve prospects for both multimessenger astronomy and multiband gravitational-wave astronomy, and enable new probes of gravity, particle physics and cosmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Arca Sedda
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrüm für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Mönchofstr. 12-14, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher P. L. Berry
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Karan Jani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Pau Amaro-Seoane
- Universitat Politècnica de València, IGIC, Valencia, Spain
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, CAS, Beijing, 100190 China
- Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Auclair
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS UMR 7164, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jonathon Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW UK
| | - Tessa Baker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Emanuele Berti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Katelyn Breivik
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - Chiara Caprini
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS UMR 7164, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xian Chen
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Astronomy Department, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Daniela Doneva
- Theoretical Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Jose M. Ezquiaga
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - K. E. Saavik Ford
- City University of New York-BMCC, Chambers St, New York, NY 10007 USA
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10028 USA
| | - Michael L. Katz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Shimon Kolkowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Barry McKernan
- City University of New York-BMCC, Chambers St, New York, NY 10007 USA
- Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10028 USA
| | - Guido Mueller
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, PO Box 118440, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Germano Nardini
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Igor Pikovski
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Surjeet Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Alberto Sesana
- Università di Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Lijing Shao
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012 China
| | - Nicola Tamanini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Niels Warburton
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Helvi Witek
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Kaze Wong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Michael Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
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Bauswein A, Blacker S, Vijayan V, Stergioulas N, Chatziioannou K, Clark JA, Bastian NUF, Blaschke DB, Cierniak M, Fischer T. Equation of State Constraints from the Threshold Binary Mass for Prompt Collapse of Neutron Star Mergers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:141103. [PMID: 33064526 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.141103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using hydrodynamical simulations for a large set of high-density matter equations of state (EOSs), we systematically determine the threshold mass M_{thres} for prompt black-hole formation in equal-mass and asymmetric neutron star (NS) mergers. We devise the so far most direct, general, and accurate method to determine the unknown maximum mass of nonrotating NSs from merger observations revealing M_{thres}. Considering hybrid EOSs with hadron-quark phase transition, we identify a new, observable signature of quark matter in NS mergers. Furthermore, our findings have direct applications in gravitational wave searches, kilonova interpretations, and multimessenger constraints on NS properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bauswein
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blacker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vimal Vijayan
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Stergioulas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Chatziioannou
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - James A Clark
- Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Niels-Uwe F Bastian
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
| | - David B Blaschke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
- National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Bogoliubov Laboratory for Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Mateusz Cierniak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland
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Constraining the Dense Matter Equation of State with Joint Analysis of NICER and LIGO/Virgo Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A Toy Model for the Electromagnetic Output of Neutron-star Merger Prompt Collapse to a Black Hole: Magnetized Neutron-star Collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Abstract
The coalescence of double neutron star (NS-NS) and black hole (BH)-NS binaries are prime sources of gravitational waves (GW) for Advanced LIGO/Virgo and future ground-based detectors. Neutron-rich matter released from such events undergoes rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis as it decompresses into space, enriching our universe with rare heavy elements like gold and platinum. Radioactive decay of these unstable nuclei powers a rapidly evolving, approximately isotropic thermal transient known as a "kilonova", which probes the physical conditions during the merger and its aftermath. Here I review the history and physics of kilonovae, leading to the current paradigm of day-timescale emission at optical wavelengths from lanthanide-free components of the ejecta, followed by week-long emission with a spectral peak in the near-infrared (NIR). These theoretical predictions, as compiled in the original version of this review, were largely confirmed by the transient optical/NIR counterpart discovered to the first NS-NS merger, GW170817, discovered by LIGO/Virgo. Using a simple light curve model to illustrate the essential physical processes and their application to GW170817, I then introduce important variations about the standard picture which may be observable in future mergers. These include ∼ hour-long UV precursor emission, powered by the decay of free neutrons in the outermost ejecta layers or shock-heating of the ejecta by a delayed ultra-relativistic outflow; and enhancement of the luminosity from a long-lived central engine, such as an accreting BH or millisecond magnetar. Joint GW and kilonova observations of GW170817 and future events provide a new avenue to constrain the astrophysical origin of the r-process elements and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Metzger
- Department of Physics, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010 USA
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