2
|
Dietrich T, Coughlin MW, Pang PTH, Bulla M, Heinzel J, Issa L, Tews I, Antier S. Multimessenger constraints on the neutron-star equation of state and the Hubble constant. Science 2020; 370:1450-1453. [PMID: 33335061 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Observations of neutron-star mergers with distinct messengers, including gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals, can be used to study the behavior of matter denser than an atomic nucleus and to measure the expansion rate of the Universe as quantified by the Hubble constant. We performed a joint analysis of the gravitational-wave event GW170817 with its electromagnetic counterparts AT2017gfo and GRB170817A, and the gravitational-wave event GW190425, both originating from neutron-star mergers. We combined these with previous measurements of pulsars using x-ray and radio observations, and nuclear-theory computations using chiral effective field theory, to constrain the neutron-star equation of state. We found that the radius of a 1.4-solar mass neutron star is [Formula: see text] km at 90% confidence and the Hubble constant is [Formula: see text] at 1σ uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dietrich
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. .,Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael W Coughlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peter T H Pang
- Nikhef, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mattia Bulla
- Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jack Heinzel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.,Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - Lina Issa
- Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,École normale supérieure, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ingo Tews
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Sarah Antier
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coughlin MW, Antier S, Dietrich T, Foley RJ, Heinzel J, Bulla M, Christensen N, Coulter DA, Issa L, Khetan N. Measuring the Hubble constant with a sample of kilonovae. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4129. [PMID: 32807780 PMCID: PMC7431580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kilonovae produced by the coalescence of compact binaries with at least one neutron star are promising standard sirens for an independent measurement of the Hubble constant (H0). Through their detection via follow-up of gravitational-wave (GW), short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) or optical surveys, a large sample of kilonovae (even without GW data) can be used for H0 contraints. Here, we show measurement of H0 using light curves associated with four sGRBs, assuming these are attributable to kilonovae, combined with GW170817. Including a systematic uncertainty on the models that is as large as the statistical ones, we find \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${H}_{0}=73.{8}_{-5.8}^{+6.3}\ {\rm{km}}\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\ {{\rm{Mpc}}}^{-1}$$\end{document}H0=73.8−5.8+6.3kms−1Mpc−1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${H}_{0}=71.{2}_{-3.1}^{+3.2}\ {\rm{km}}\ {{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\ {{\rm{Mpc}}}^{-1}$$\end{document}H0=71.2−3.1+3.2kms−1Mpc−1 for two different kilonova models that are consistent with the local and inverse-distance ladder measurements. For a given model, this measurement is about a factor of 2-3 more precise than the standard-siren measurement for GW170817 using only GWs. Kilonovae observations can be used to out constraints on the Hubble constant (H0). Here, the authors show H0 measurements by combining light curves of four short gamma-ray burts with GW170817 are about a factor of 2-3 more precise than the standard-siren measurements using only gravitational-waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Coughlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Division of Physics, Math, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
| | - Sarah Antier
- APC, UMR 7164, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205, Paris, France
| | - Tim Dietrich
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan J Foley
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jack Heinzel
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, F-06304, Nice Cedex 4, France.,Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Mattia Bulla
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nelson Christensen
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, F-06304, Nice Cedex 4, France.,Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - David A Coulter
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Lina Issa
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Département de Phyisque, Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nandita Khetan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|