Mechanism of interaction of novel indolylarylsulfone derivatives with K103N and Y181I mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in complex with its substrates

Indolylarylsulfones, a fascinating story of highly potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Indolylarylsulfones are a potent class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In this review, the structure activity relationship (SAR) studies to improve the profile of sulfone L-737,126 discovered by Merck AG have been analysed with focus on introduction of the 3′,5′-dimethyl groups at the 3-phenylsulfonyl moiety, the 2-hydroxyethyl tail at the indole-2-carboxamide nitrogen, coupling of the carboxamide nitrogen with one or two glycinamide and alaninamide units, a fluorine atom at position 4 of the indole ring and correlation between configuration of the asymmetric centre and linker length. IAS derivatives look like promising drug candidates for the treatment of AIDS and related infections in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

Halolactones are potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Halolactones with an isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one core structure have been developed as efficient non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The best compound 13a showed excellent potency against WT HIV-1 with a low EC₅₀ value of 0.45 μM.

Arylsulfone-based HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) represent one of the most significant classes of drugs for the treatment of AIDS/HIV infection. Over the past two decades several potent arylsulfone-based HIV-1 NNRTIs and related analogs have been developed. This review provides an essential overview of the structure–activity relationships of the arylsulfone-based HIV-1 NNRTIs. Furthermore, structural information useful for the design and development of new sulfur containing NNRTIs with enhanced antiretroviral activity against HIV-1 wild type and clinically relevant drug resistant HIV-1 mutant strains will be discussed.

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS)

The majority of the drugs currently used for the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS) belong to either of the following three classes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). At present, there are 7 NRTIs, 5 NNRTIs, and 10 PIs approved for clinical use. They are discussed from the following viewpoints: (i) chemical formulae; (ii) mechanism of action; (iii) drug combinations; (iv) clinical aspects; (v) preexposure prophylaxis; (vi) prevention of mother-to-child transmission; (vii) their use in children; (viii) toxicity; (ix) adherence (compliance); (x) resistance; (xi) new NRTIs, NNRTIs, or PIs in (pre)clinical development; and (xii) the prospects for a "cure" of the disease.