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Nagra U, Barkat K, Ashraf MU, Shabbir M. Feasibility of Enhancing Skin Permeability of Acyclovir through Sterile Topical Lyophilized Wafer on Self-Dissolving Microneedle-Treated Skin. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221097594. [PMID: 35602585 PMCID: PMC9122490 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221097594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that is frequently prescribed for the herpes
virus. However, the drug requires frequent dosing due to limited bioavailability
(10–26.7%). The rationale of the present study was to develop a self-dissolving
microneedle system for local and systemic delivery of acyclovir using a topical
lyophilized wafer on microneedle-treated skin to provide the drug at the site of
infection. The microneedles prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
(8% w/w) or HPMC (8% w/w)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (30% w/w) penetrated
excised rat skin, showing sufficient mechanical strength and rapid polymer
dissolution. The topical wafer was prepared with acyclovir (40% w/w; equivalent
to 200 mg of drug), gelatin (10% w/w), mannitol (5% w/w), and sodium chloride
(5% w/w). The uniform distribution of acyclovir within the wafer in an amorphous
form was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). No polymer–drug interaction was evident in the
lyophilized wafer as per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
analysis. The wafer showed a sufficiently porous structure for rapid hydration
as per scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. During
ex-vivo analysis, the skin was pre-treated with a
self-dissolving microneedle array for 5 minutes, and the wafer was placed on
this microporated-skin. Topical wafer provided ∼7–11 times higher skin
concentration than the ID99 reported with a lower lag-time. Based on
in-vivo testing, ∼2.58 µg/ml of Cmax was achieved in rabbit
plasma during 24 hours’ study. Our findings suggest that the self-dissolving
microneedle-assisted topical wafer, proposed for the first time, would be
efficacious against the infection residing in the skin layer and for systemic
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Nagra
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore - New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Maryam Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Sharma G, Kaur B, Thakur K, Mahajan A, Amarji B, Singh MP, Katare OP. Pluronic F127-tailored lecithin organogel of acyclovir: preclinical evidence of antiviral activity using BALB/c murine model of cutaneous HSV-1 infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:213-228. [PMID: 33486688 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpes is a well-known contagious infection equally affecting both sexes. Among many antiviral drugs employed for its treatment, acyclovir (ACY) is the drug of choice. The currently available therapies of ACY suffer from limitations like poor oral bioavailability (10-15%) and high-dose requirement. The present scientific study aims to explore pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) as a novel drug delivery platform for ACY to bring an improvement in its delivery through topical route. The properties of organogel like biocompatibility and amphiphilic nature which facilitates dissolution of various drugs of different solubility characteristics along with enhancing the permeation potential of active molecules make it a favorable drug delivery platform for the management of topical diseases. The developed PLO formulations were characterized for micromeritic characteristics, viz., zeta potential, percentage drug content, organogel morphology, skin permeation, retention, and stability studies. The selected topical formulation was further compared with the marketed one for its therapeutic efficacy by inducing cutaneous Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection followed by confirmation of viral load by immunofluorescence and PCR analyses. The developed formulation showed significant improvement over the marketed product as reflected in lesion scoring index and PCR analysis. Further, it proved better to the marketed formulation in t.i.d. treatment regimen in comparison to control. The improvement in overall performance leading to enhanced bioavailability and safety is attributed to the synergism between excipient properties and formulation characteristics. The drug ACY in this micro environment not only finds an improved delivery vehicle but it also offers enhanced drug-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bimaldeep Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Mahajan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Basant Amarji
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, 160012, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India.
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Shah H, Nair AB, Shah J, Jacob S, Bharadia P, Haroun M. Proniosomal vesicles as an effective strategy to optimize naproxen transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Almehmady AM, Ali SA. Transdermal Film Loaded with Garlic Oil-Acyclovir Nanoemulsion to Overcome Barriers for Its Use in Alleviating Cold Sore Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050669. [PMID: 34066923 PMCID: PMC8148569 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponentially mounting cases of herpes simplex virus infection or cold sores have become a serious global concern. Acyclovir (ACV) and garlic oil (GO)-loaded lipid nanocarrier could be a promising therapeutic approach in alleviating cold sores, as well as limiting the biopharmaceutical constraints associated with ACV absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the objective of the current research study was to formulate an ACV-GO self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (ACV-GO-SNEDDS) as transdermal films. The prepared SNEDDS was optimized using an experimental mixture design. The optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in transdermal film and was evaluated for ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic prospects. An optimized ACV-GO SNEDDs formulation constituted of 10.4% (w/w) of GO, 64.8% (w/w) of surfactant mixture (Tween 20®-Span 20®); 24.8%(w/w) of co-surfactant (Propylene glycol®), and 200mg of ACV, respectively, were prepared and characterized for particle size (Y). The observed globule size of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS is 170 ± 13.45 nm. The results of stability studies indicated that the stability index of optimized ACV-GO-SNEDDS was more than 92 ± 3%. This optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS was loaded in hydroxypropyl cellulose transdermal film. The outcome of the ex vivo skin permeation study demonstrated a 2.3-fold augmented permeation of ACV from the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS HPC transdermal film in comparison to the raw ACV transdermal film. There was a 3-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of the optimized ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film compared to the raw ACV-HPC film. The study findings confirmed that the ACV-GO SNEDDS transdermal film exhibited excellent potential to enhance the bioavailability of ACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-550-665-900
| | - Sarah A. Ali
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Renu S, Dhakal S, Kim E, Goodman J, Lakshmanappa YS, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B, Boyaka PN, Renukaradhya GJ. Intranasal delivery of influenza antigen by nanoparticles, but not NKT-cell adjuvant differentially induces the expression of B-cell activation factors in mice and swine. Cell Immunol 2018; 329:27-30. [PMID: 29665972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination of pigs with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and polyanhydride nanoparticles delivered inactivated influenza virus provides cross-reactive T-cell response, but not antibody response, resulting in incomplete protection and no reduction in nasal virus shedding. Expression of BAFF and Th2 transcription factor GATA-3 were downregulated in lungs of pigs vaccinated with influenza nanovaccine, but in mice it upregulated the expression of BAFF and cytokine TGFβ in cervical lymph nodes. However, the intranasal iNKT cell adjuvant, α-Galctosylceramide upregulates the expression of BAFF in pig lungs. In conclusion, expression of BAFF is differentially regulated by intranasal nanovaccine and α-Galctosylceramide in pig respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Al-Dhubiab BE. Preparation and evaluation of niosome gel containing acyclovir for enhanced dermal deposition. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:283-292. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1224897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE and
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
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Al-Dhubiab BE, Nair AB, Kumria R, Attimarad M, Harsha S. Formulation and evaluation of nano based drug delivery system for the buccal delivery of acyclovir. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:878-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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