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Bayraktar C, Kayabolen A, Odabas A, Durgun A, Kok I, Sevinc K, Supramaniam A, Idris A, Bagci-Onder T. ACE2-Decorated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6931-6943. [PMID: 39005960 PMCID: PMC11246629 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over the past three years, extensive research has been dedicated to understanding and combating COVID-19. Targeting the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and the ACE2 receptor has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to develop ACE2-coated virus-like particles (ACE2-VLPs), which can be utilized to prevent viral entry into host cells and efficiently neutralize the virus. Methods Virus-like particles were generated through the utilization of a packaging plasmid in conjunction with a plasmid containing the ACE2 envelope sequence. Subsequently, ACE2-VLPs and ACE2-EVs were purified via ultracentrifugation. The quantification of VLPs was validated through multiple methods, including Nanosight 3000, TEM imaging, and Western blot analysis. Various packaging systems were explored to optimize the ACE2-VLP configuration for enhanced neutralization capabilities. The evaluation of neutralization effectiveness was conducted using pseudoviruses bearing different spike protein variants. Furthermore, the study assessed the neutralization potential against the Omicron BA.1 variant in Vero E6 cells. Results ACE2-VLPs showed a high neutralization capacity even at low doses and demonstrated superior efficacy in in vitro pseudoviral assays compared to extracellular vesicles carrying ACE2. ACE2-VLPs remained stable under various environmental temperatures and effectively blocked all tested variants of concern in vitro. Notably, they exhibited significant neutralization against Omicron BA.1 variant in Vero E6 cells. Given their superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles and proven success against live virus, ACE2-VLPs stand out as crucial candidates for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conclusion This novel therapeutic approach of coating VLPs with receptor particles provides a proof-of-concept for designing effective neutralization strategies for other viral diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Bayraktar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alisan Kayabolen
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arda Odabas
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durgun
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Kok
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Sevinc
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Huang BX, Liu Y, Fan ZP, Si LL, Chen RJ, Wang J, Luo D, Wang FS, Xu DP, Liu XG. Investigation of immune escape-associated mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients harboring hepatitis B virus drug-resistance mutations. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5314-5327. [PMID: 32994690 PMCID: PMC7504243 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i35.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether immune escape-associated mutations in the major hydrophilic region of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) are associated with nucleoside/nucleotide analog resistance.
AIM To evaluate the association between immune escape-associated mutations and nucleoside/nucleotide analog resistance mutations.
METHODS In total, 19440 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, who underwent resistance testing at the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between July 2007 and December 2017, were enrolled. As determined by sequence analysis, 6982 patients harbored a virus with resistance mutations and 12458 harbored a virus lacking resistance mutations. Phenotypic analyses were performed to evaluate HBsAg production, replication capacity, and drug-induced viral inhibition of patient-derived drug-resistant mutants with or without the coexistence of sA159V.
RESULTS The rate of immune escape-associated mutation was significantly higher in 9 of the 39 analyzed mutation sites in patients with resistance mutations than in patients without resistance mutations. In particular, these mutations were sQ101H/K/R, sS114A/L/T, sT118A/K/M/R/S/V, sP120A/L/Q/S/T, sT/I126A/N/P/S, sM133I/L/T, sC137W/Y, sG145A/R, and sA159G/V. Among these, sA159V was detected in 1.95% (136/6982) of patients with resistance mutations and 1.08% (134/12,458) of patients lacking resistance mutations (P < 0.05). The coexistence of sA159V with lamivudine (LAM) and entecavir (ETV)-resistance mutations in the same viral genome was identified during follow-up in some patients with drug resistance. HBsAg production was significantly lower and the replication capacity was significantly higher, without a significant difference in LAM/ETV susceptibility, in sA159V-containing LAM/ETV-resistant mutants than in their sA159V-lacking counterparts.
CONCLUSION In summary, we observed a close link between the increase in certain immune escape-associated mutations and the development of resistance mutations. sA159V might increase the fitness of LAM/ETV-resistant mutants under environmental pressure in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics/Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Fan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lan-Lan Si
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Rong-Juan Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics/Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
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Park S, Park ES, Koo JE, Park YK, Lee AR, Dezhbord M, Cho ES, Ahn SH, Kim DH, Lee JH, Lee HC, Kim KH. Entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus decreases surface antigenicity: A full genome and functional characterization. Liver Int 2020; 40:1564-1577. [PMID: 32216026 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Since polymerase and surface genes overlap in hepatitis B virus (HBV), an antiviral-induced mutation in the polymerase gene may alter the surface antigenicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but this possibility has not been clearly confirmed. This study aimed to determine the drug susceptibility and surface antigenicity of the patient-derived mutants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Full-length HBV genomes isolated from four entecavir-resistant CHB patients were cloned and sequenced. Around 10 clones of full-length HBV obtained from each patient were analysed and registered in the NCBI GenBank. Representative clones were further characterized by in vitro drug susceptibility and surface antigenicity assays. RESULTS The rtL180M + rtM204V mutations were common among all the clones analysed. Additionally, the ETV resistance mutations rtT184A/L, rtS202G and rtM250V were found among three patients. Most of the ETV-resistant mutants had amino acid alterations within the known epitopes recognized by T- and B-cells in the HBV surface and core antigens. The in vitro drug susceptibility assay showed that all tested clones were resistant to ETV treatment. However, they were all susceptible to ADV and TDF. More importantly, the rtI169T mutation in the RT domain, led to the sF161L mutation in the overlapping S gene, which decreased in surface antigenicity. CONCLUSIONS The ETV resistance mutations can affect the antigenicity of the HBsAg proteins due to changes in the overlapping sequence of this surface antigen. Thus, the apparent decline or disappearance of HBsAg needs to be interpreted cautiously in patients with previous or current antiviral resistance mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soree Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mehrangiz Dezhbord
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Takahashi H, Kanda T, Matsumoto N, Shibata T, Nirei K, Tamura A, Matsuoka S, Kuroda K, Moriyama M. Analysis of full-length hepatitis B virus genome from chronic hepatitis B-patients with higher alanine aminotransferase elevation. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background & aim: Higher elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occasionally leads to severe outcomes in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. Our aim is to investigate the HBV sequence mutations associated with higher ALT elevation. Materials & methods: We analyzed full-length HBV sequences from patients with or without higher ALT elevation. Results: Nucleotide mutations in precore and core regions, which are associated with severe hepatitis B, were found in two HBV-infected patients with higher ALT elevation. Amino acid mutations within the pre-S1, pre-S2 and S regions were also found in a patient with HBV virologic breakthrough during the use of nucleoside analogs. Conclusion: It may be useful for HBV-infected patients with higher ALT elevation to analyze full-length HBV genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nirei
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akinori Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30–1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Littlejohn M. Antiviral drug resistance and hepatitis B: a continuing public health problem. Antivir Ther 2019; 22:643-644. [PMID: 28504241 DOI: 10.3851/imp3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of selective antiviral therapy has been very successful in controlling HBV replication in individuals, leading to a reduction in disease progression and mortality. However, the use of first-generation therapies, often the only available option in low-resource settings, can result in a high prevalence of drug resistance mutations. Variants selected by antiviral therapies targeting the viral polymerase can also result in variants in the viral envelope. These variants can allow the virus to escape the host immune response. The effect of antiviral selection pressure on viral variants that may contribute to immune escape requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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