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Liu F, Deng Y, Wang FH, Jeewon R, Zeng Q, Xu XL, Liu YG, Yang CL. Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Microcera (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) associated with scale insects on walnut in China. MycoKeys 2023; 98:19-35. [PMID: 37287767 PMCID: PMC10242524 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Microcera consists of species mostly occurring as parasites of scale insects, but are also commonly isolated from soil or lichens. In the present study, we surveyed the diversity and assess the taxonomy of entomopathogenic fungi in Sichuan Province, China. Two new species of Microcera, viz. M.chrysomphaludis and M.pseudaulacaspidis, were isolated from scale insects colonising walnut (Juglansregia). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, tub2, cmdA and his3 sequence data provide evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Microcerapseudaulacaspidis primarily differs from similar species by having more septate and smaller cylindrical macroconidia, as well as DNA sequence data. Meanwhile, Microcerachrysomphaludis has elliptical, one-septate ascospores with acute ends and cylindrical, slightly curved with 4-6 septate macroconidia up to 78 µm long. Morphological descriptions with illustrations of the novel species and DNA-based phylogeny generated from analyses of multigene dataset are also provided to better understand species relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Fei-Hu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xu
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Zeng ZQ, Zhuang WY. New Species of Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) from China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101075. [PMID: 36294639 PMCID: PMC9605599 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Nectriaceae commonly occur on living and decaying woody substrates, soil, fruitbodies of other fungi, and insects. Some of them are reported as endophytes, opportunistic pathogens of crops and humans, or producers of mycotoxins. To explore the species diversity of the family, specimens from different regions of China were collected and examined. Four novel taxa of Penicillifer, Pseudocosmospora, and Thelonectria were introduced on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of combined datasets of the act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 regions. Differences between the new species and their close relatives were compared and discussed.
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Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2021; 45:221-249. [PMID: 34456378 PMCID: PMC8375352 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as 'Nectria' sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
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Xu XL, Zeng Q, Lv YC, Jeewon R, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Wanasinghe DN, Hyde KD, Xiao QG, Liu YG, Yang CL. Insight into the Systematics of Novel Entomopathogenic Fungi Associated with Armored Scale Insect, Kuwanaspis howardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080628. [PMID: 34436167 PMCID: PMC8401669 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study led to the discovery of three entomopathogenic fungi associated with Kuwanaspis howardi, a scale insect on Phyllostachys heteroclada (fishscale bamboo) and Pleioblastus amarus (bitter bamboo) in China. Two of these species belong to Podonectria: P. kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov. and P. novae-zelandiae Dingley. The new species P. kuwanaspidis has wider and thicker setae, longer and wider asci, longer ascospores, and more septa as compared with similar Podonectria species. The morphs of extant species P. novae-zelandiae is confirmed based on sexual and asexual morphologies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data provide further evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Podonectriaceae (Pleosporales). The second new species, Microcera kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov., is established based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, cmdA, and his3 gene regions, and it is characterized by morphological differences in septum numbers and single conidial mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lan Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Qian Zeng
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Cong Lv
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | | | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 649201, China;
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Qian-Gang Xiao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Ying-Gao Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-G.L.)
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Eutypella parasitica and Other Frequently Isolated Fungi in Wood of Dead Branches of Young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Slovenia. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz is the causative agent of Eutypella canker of maple, a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The fungus E. parasitica infects the trunk through a branch stub or bark wound. Because the fungal community may have an impact on infection and colonization by E. parasitica, the composition of fungi colonizing wood of dead branches of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was investigated in five sampling sites in Slovenia. Forty samples from each sampling site were collected between the November 2017 and March 2018 period. Isolations were made from the wood in the outer part of dead branches and from discoloured wood in the trunk that originated from a dead branch. Pure cultures were divided into morphotypes, and one representative culture per morphotype was selected for further molecular identification. From a total of 2700 cultured subsamples, 1744 fungal cultures were obtained, which were grouped into 212 morphotypes. The investigated samples were colonized by a broad spectrum of fungi. The most frequently isolated species were Eutypa maura (Fr.) Sacc., Eutypa sp. Tul. and C. Tul., Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Neocucurbitaria acerina Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones and K.D. Hyde and E. parasitica. In this study, we distinguished species diversity and the fungal community. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fungal species between the five sampling sites, and branch thickness did not prove to be a statistically significant factor in fungal species diversity. Nevertheless, relatively low Jaccard similarity index values suggested possible differences in the fungal communities from different sampling sites. This was confirmed by an analysis of similarities, which showed that the isolated fungal community distinctly differed between the five sampling sites and between the different isolation sources. Eutypella parasitica was isolated from all five investigated sampling sites, although Eutypella cankers were observed in only three sampling sites, indicating the possibility of asymptomatic infection.
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Huang SK, Jeewon R, Hyde KD, Bhat DJ, Wen TC. Novel Taxa within Nectriaceae:Cosmosporellagen. nov. andAquanectriasp. nov. from Freshwater Habitats in China. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2018. [DOI: 10.7872/crym/v39.iss2.2018.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ke Huang
- Engineering and Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizohu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - D. Jayarama Bhat
- Azad Housing Society, No. 128/1-J, Curca, P.O. Goa Velha 403108, India
- Formerly, Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Ting-Chi Wen
- Engineering and Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizohu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Markakis EA, Kavroulakis N, Ntougias S, Koubouris GC, Sergentani CK, Ligoxigakis EK. Characterization of Fungi Associated With Wood Decay of Tree Species and Grapevine in Greece. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1929-1940. [PMID: 30677320 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-16-1761-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A two-year survey was conducted to identify fungi associated with wood decay in a range of tree species and grapevine. Fifty-eight fungal strains isolated from plants of 18 species showing typical wood decay symptoms were characterized by morphological, physiological, and molecular analyses. By 5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing analysis, these isolates were classified into 25 distinct operational taxonomic units, including important phytopathogenic species of the phyla Pezizomycotina and Agaricomycotina, such as Fomitiporia, Inonotus, Phellinus, Inocutis, Fuscoporia, Trametes, Fusarium, Eutypa, Phaeomoniella, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostomophora spp. The white rot basidiomycetes Fomitiporia mediterranea (20 isolates, 34.5%) and Inonotus hispidus (6 isolates, 10.3%) were the most prevalent. Pathogenicity tests revealed for the first time that certain fungal species of the genera Fomitiporia, Inonotus, Phellinus, Pleurostomophora, and Fusarium caused wood infection of various tree species in Greece and worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. mediterranea as the causal agent of wood decay in pear, pomegranate, kumquat, and silk tree. This is also the first record of Inonotus hispidus, Phellinus pomaceus, Pleurostomophora richardsiae, and Fusarium solani in apple, almond, avocado, and mulberry tree, respectively, whereas P. richardsiae was associated with wood infection of olive tree for the first time in Greece. Cross pathogenicity tests with F. mediterranea strains originated from grapevine applied on other woody hosts and from olive on grapevine demonstrated partial host specificity of the fungus. The potential of F. mediterranea to transinfect hosts other than those originated, along with the host range extension of the fungus, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil A Markakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Agrokipio 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Agrokipio 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Georgios C Koubouris
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, HAO-Demeter, Agrokipio 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysi K Sergentani
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, HAO-Demeter, Agrokipio 73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios K Ligoxigakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, HAO-Demeter, Mesa Katsampas 71003, Iraklio, Crete, Greece
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Ashrafi S, Helaly S, Schroers HJ, Stadler M, Richert-Poeggeler KR, Dababat AA, Maier W. Ijuhya vitellina sp. nov., a novel source for chaetoglobosin A, is a destructive parasite of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180032. [PMID: 28700638 PMCID: PMC5507501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyst nematodes are globally important pathogens in agriculture. Their sedentary lifestyle and long-term association with the roots of host plants render cyst nematodes especially good targets for attack by parasitic fungi. In this context fungi were specifically isolated from nematode eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. Here, Ijuhya vitellina (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae), encountered in wheat fields in Turkey, is newly described on the basis of phylogenetic analyses, morphological characters and life-style related inferences. The species destructively parasitises eggs inside cysts of H. filipjevi. The parasitism was reproduced in in vitro studies. Infected eggs were found to harbour microsclerotia produced by I. vitellina that resemble long-term survival structures also known from other ascomycetes. Microsclerotia were also formed by this species in pure cultures obtained from both, solitarily isolated infected eggs obtained from fields and artificially infected eggs. Hyphae penetrating the eggshell colonised the interior of eggs and became transformed into multicellular, chlamydospore-like structures that developed into microsclerotia. When isolated on artificial media, microsclerotia germinated to produce multiple emerging hyphae. The specific nature of morphological structures produced by I. vitellina inside nematode eggs is interpreted as a unique mode of interaction allowing long-term survival of the fungus inside nematode cysts that are known to survive periods of drought or other harsh environmental conditions. Generic classification of the new species is based on molecular phylogenetic inferences using five different gene regions. I. vitellina is the only species of the genus known to parasitise nematodes and produce microsclerotia. Metabolomic analyses revealed that within the Ijuhya species studied here, only I. vitellina produces chaetoglobosin A and its derivate 19-O-acetylchaetoglobosin A. Nematicidal and nematode-inhibiting activities of these compounds have been demonstrated suggesting that the production of these compounds may represent an adaptation to nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ashrafi
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Soleiman Helaly
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katja R. Richert-Poeggeler
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre), P.K.39 06511 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
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Bohni N, Hofstetter V, Gindro K, Buyck B, Schumpp O, Bertrand S, Monod M, Wolfender JL. Production of Fusaric Acid by Fusarium spp. in Pure Culture and in Solid Medium Co-Cultures. Molecules 2016; 21:370. [PMID: 26999098 PMCID: PMC6274276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of fungi isolated from nails of patients suffering from onychomycosis to induce de novo production of bioactive compounds in co-culture was examined. Comparison between the metabolite profiles produced by Sarocladium strictum, by Fusarium oxysporum, and by these two species in co-culture revealed de novo induction of fusaric acid based on HRMS. Structure confirmation of this toxin, using sensitive microflow NMR, required only three 9-cm Petri dishes of fungal culture. A targeted metabolomics study based on UHPLC-HRMS confirmed that the production of fusaric acid was strain-dependent. Furthermore, the detected toxin levels suggested that onychomycosis-associated fungal strains of the F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi species complexes are much more frequently producing fusaric acid, and in higher amount, than strains of the F. solani species complex. Fusarium strains producing no significant amounts of this compound in pure culture, were shown to de novo produce that compound when grown in co-culture. The role of fusaric acid in fungal virulence and defense is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bohni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Valérie Hofstetter
- Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Katia Gindro
- Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Bart Buyck
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP 39, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Schumpp
- Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Monod
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Laboratory of Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Herrera CS, Hirooka Y, Chaverri P. Pseudocospeciation of the mycoparasite Cosmospora with their fungal hosts. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1504-14. [PMID: 27087926 PMCID: PMC4775519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Cosmospora are parasites of other fungi (mycoparasites), including species belonging to the Xylariales. Based on prior taxonomic work, these fungi were determined to be highly host specific. We suspected that the association of Cosmospora and their hosts could not be a result of random chance, and tested the cospeciation of Cosmospora and the their hosts with contemporary methods (e.g., ParaFit, PACo, and Jane). The cophylogeny of Cosmospora and their hosts was found to be congruent, but only host‐parasite links in more recent evolutionary lineages of the host were determined as coevolutionary. Reconciliation reconstructions determined at least five host‐switch events early in the evolution of Cosmospora. Additionally, the rates of evolution between Cosmospora and their hosts were unequal. This pattern is more likely to be explained by pseudocospeciation (i.e., host switches followed by cospeciation), which also produces congruent cophylogenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar S Herrera
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland 2112 Plant Sciences Building College Park Maryland 20742 United States
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo Japan
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland 2112 Plant Sciences Building College Park Maryland 20742 United States; Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica Apartado 11501-2060 San Pedro San José Costa Rica
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Herrera CS, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Pereira OL, Chaverri P. Systematics of the Cosmospora viliuscula species complex. Mycologia 2015; 107:532-57. [PMID: 25800252 DOI: 10.3852/14-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cosmospora includes nectrioid fungi that grow on polypores and xylariaceous fungi. The collections growing on xylariaceous fungi have been identified recently as Cosmospora viliuscula. In this paper the phylogeny and taxonomy of C. viliuscula are investigated. A phylogeny was generated with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods applied to a three-partition dataset (ITS, 28S, MCM7-RPB1-TUB2). Based on these results, we demonstrate that Cosmospora viliuscula represents a diverse species complex comprising more than 10 species. Seven new species are described, including three single-strain lineages, and the sexual states of C. arxii and C. khandalensis are described for the first time. The sexual states of these fungi tend to have a high degree of morphological homoplasy, making it difficult to differentiate among them based on morphological characters alone. However, the apparent host specificity of species in this complex aide in the diagnosis of these fungi. In addition, the RPB1 marker provides sufficient resolution to distinguish these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar S Herrera
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Amy Y Rossman
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA, B-010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Gary J Samuels
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA, B-010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Olinto Liparini Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742 and Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apartado 11501-2060, San 15 Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
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Abstract
The ascomycete family Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) includes numerous important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species used extensively in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. Members of the family are unified by phenotypic characters such as uniloculate ascomata that are yellow, orange-red to purple, and with phialidic asexual morphs. The generic concepts in Nectriaceae are poorly defined, since DNA sequence data have not been available for many of these genera. To address this issue we performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences for the 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA, the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), the large subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), α-actin (act), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene regions for available type and authentic strains representing known genera in Nectriaceae, including several genera for which no sequence data were previously available. Supported by morphological observations, the data resolved 47 genera in the Nectriaceae. We re-evaluated the status of several genera, which resulted in the introduction of six new genera to accommodate species that were initially classified based solely on morphological characters. Several generic names are proposed for synonymy based on the abolishment of dual nomenclature. Additionally, a new family is introduced for two genera that were previously accommodated in the Nectriaceae.
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Key Words
- A. submerse (H.J. Huds.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Aquanectria L. Lombard & Crous
- Aquanectria penicillioides (Ingold) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. delphinoides (Schroers, Summerbell, O'Donnell & Lampr.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. dimerum (Penz.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. domesticum (Fr.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. lunatum (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. nectrioides (Wollenw.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. penzigii (Schroers, Summerbell & O'Donnell) L. Lombard & Crous
- Bisifusarium L. Lombard, Crous & W. Gams
- Bisifusarium biseptatum (Schroers, Summerbell & O'Donnell) L. Lombard & Crous
- C. aurantia (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. blumenaviae (Rehm) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. cylindrospora (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. gibberosa (Schroers) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. manihotis (Rick) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. parva (Schroers) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. rusci (Lechat, Gardiennet & J. Fourn.) L. Lombard & Crous
- C. tonduzii (Speg.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. tornata (Höhn.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Calonectria candelabra (Viégas) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Clonostachys apocyni (Peck) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Coccinonectria L. Lombard & Crous
- Coccinonectria pachysandricola (B.O. Dodge) L. Lombard & Crous
- Generic concepts
- Hydropisphaera fusigera (Berk. & Broome) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- I. macroconidialis (Brayford & Samuels) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous, Mariannaea catenulatae (Samuels) L. Lombard & Crous
- Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Mariannaea humicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Mariannaea pinicola L. Lombard & Crous
- N. falciformis (Carrión) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. illudens (Berk.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. ipomoeae (Halst.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. monilifera (Berk. & Broome) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. phaseoli (Burkh.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. plagianthi (Dingley) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. ramosa (Bat. & H. Maia) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. termitum (Höhn.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. tucumaniae (T. Aoki, O'Donnell, Yos. Homma & Lattanzi) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. virguliformis (O'Donnell & T. Aoki) L. Lombard & Crous
- Nectriaceae
- Nectriopsis rexiana (Sacc.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Neocosmospora ambrosia (Gadd & Loos) L. Lombard & Crous
- Neocosmospora rubicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Neonectria candida (Ehrenb.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- P. contagium L. Lombard & Crous
- Paracremonium L. Lombard & Crous
- Paracremonium inflatum L. Lombard & Crous
- Penicillifer diparietisporus (J.H. Miller, Giddens & A.A. Foster) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Phylogeny
- Pseudonectria foliicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium L. Lombard, Crous & W. Gams
- Rectifusarium robinianum L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium ventricosum (Appel & Wollenw.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium ventricosum Appel & Wollenw.
- S. aurifila (W.R. Gerard) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- S. mammiforme (Chardón) L. Lombard & Crous
- S. oblongisporum (Y. Nong & W.Y. Zhuang) L. Lombard & Crous
- S. raripilum (Penz. & Sacc.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Sarcopodium flavolanatum (Berk. & Broome) L. Lombard & Crous
- Sphaerostilbella penicillioides (Corda) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Taxonomy
- Tilachlidiaceae L. Lombard & Crous
- Volutella asiana (J. Luo, X.M. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang) L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium falcatus L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium recifei (Leão & Lôbo) L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenogliocladiopsis cypellocarpa L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenogliocladiopsis eucalyptorum Crous & W.B. Kendr.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N A van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - J Z Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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