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Choi SY, Lee EB, Kim JH, Lee JR. Over-Expression of p190RhoGEF Regulates the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Aorta of ApoE -/- Mice via Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12785. [PMID: 37628966 PMCID: PMC10454661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor p190RhoGEF has been implicated in the control of cell morphology, focal adhesion formation, and cell motility. Previously, we reported that p190RhoGEF is also active in various immune cells. In this study, we examined whether over-expression of p190RhoGEF could affect atherosclerotic plaque formation in mouse aortae. For that purpose, transgenic (TG) mice over-expressing p190RhoGEF were cross-bred with atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice to obtain p190RhoGEF-TG mice with ApoE-/- backgrounds (TG/ApoE-/-). Aortic plaque formation was significantly increased in TG/ApoE mice-/- at 30 to 40 weeks of age compared to that in ApoE-/- mice. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were greater in TG/ApoE-/- mice than in ApoE-/- mice at ~40 weeks of age. Furthermore, TG/ApoE-/- mice had a greater proportion of peritoneal macrophages within the M1 subset at 30 to 40 weeks of age, together with higher production of inflammatory cytokines and stronger responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide than ApoE-/- mice. Collectively, these results highlight a crucial role of enhanced p190RhoGEF expression in atherosclerosis progression, including the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Bioinspired Science, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Choi SY, Ahn YR, Lee EB, Yu MJ, Lee JR. Expression of a RhoA-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, p190RhoGEF, in Mouse Macrophages Negatively Affects M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:782475. [PMID: 35422804 PMCID: PMC9002135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.782475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, p190RhoGEF, was first cloned and identified in neuronal cells. In immune cells, we first reported the role of p190RhoGEF in B cells: expression of p190RhoGEF increased after CD40 stimulation and was required for CD40-mediated B cell activation and differentiation. We also showed that over-expression of p190RhoGEF negatively affected dendritic cell function in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we examined the role of p190RhoGEF in macrophages using p190RhoGEF over-expressing transgenic (TG) mice. We found macrophages from TG mice to be more round than those from control mice, with enriched polymerized actin at the edge attached to the glass. TG macrophages also responded less to LPS: production of reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, chemokine-dependent migration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were all reduced compared with the responses of macrophages from littermate (LTM) control mice. Furthermore, the classical M1 subset population was observed less in the peritoneal macrophages of TG mice than the LTM control mice during LPS-elicited peritoneal inflammation. When the activity of RhoA was inhibited in TG macrophages, their morphology and LPS responses became similar to those of the LTM macrophages. These results suggest that over-expression of p190RhoGEF in macrophages could reduce M1 polarization and inflammatory responses by regulating the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Ahn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Jin Yu
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Record J, Saeed MB, Venit T, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682294. [PMID: 34422807 PMCID: PMC8375500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jeong JH, Ha YJ, Choi S, Kim J, Yun Y, Lee JR. Over‐expression of p190Rho
GEF
enhances B‐cell activation and germinal center formation in T‐cell‐dependent humoral immune responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:877-887. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jeong
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Ha
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Yeon Choi
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Hae Kim
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yungdae Yun
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Department of Life Science College of Natural Sciences & Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Bros M, Haas K, Moll L, Grabbe S. RhoA as a Key Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070733. [PMID: 31319592 PMCID: PMC6678964 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the family of small GTPases. RhoA acts as a molecular switch that is activated in response to binding of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors, and via mDia and the ROCK signaling cascade regulates the activation of cytoskeletal proteins, and other factors. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of RhoA as a general key regulator of immune cell differentiation and function. The contribution of RhoA for the primary functions of innate immune cell types, namely neutrophils, macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells (DC) to (i) get activated by pathogen-derived and endogenous danger signals, (ii) migrate to sites of infection and inflammation, and (iii) internalize pathogens has been fairly established. In activated DC, which constitute the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, RhoA is also important for the presentation of pathogen-derived antigen and the formation of an immunological synapse between DC and antigen-specific T cells as a prerequisite to induce adaptive T cell responses. In T cells and B cells as the effector cells of the adaptive immune system Rho signaling is pivotal for activation and migration. More recently, mutations of Rho and Rho-modulating factors have been identified to predispose for autoimmune diseases and as causative for hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina Haas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorna Moll
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Miller NLG, Kleinschmidt EG, Schlaepfer DD. RhoGEFs in cell motility: novel links between Rgnef and focal adhesion kinase. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:221-34. [PMID: 24467206 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140128110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine exchange factors (GEFs) are a large, diverse family of proteins defined by their ability to catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on small GTPase proteins such as Rho family members. GEFs act as integrators from varied intra- and extracellular sources to promote spatiotemporal activity of Rho GTPases that control signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and movement. Here we review recent studies elucidating roles of RhoGEF proteins in cell motility. Emphasis is placed on Dbl-family GEFs and connections to development, integrin signaling to Rho GTPases regulating cell adhesion and movement, and how these signals may enhance tumor progression. Moreover, RhoGEFs have additional domains that confer distinctive functions or specificity. We will focus on a unique interaction between Rgnef (also termed Arhgef28 or p190RhoGEF) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that controls migration properties of normal and tumor cells. This Rgnef-FAK interaction activates canonical GEF-dependent RhoA GTPase activity to govern contractility and also functions as a scaffold in a GEF-independent manner to enhance FAK activation. Recent studies have also brought to light the importance of specific regions within the Rgnef pleckstrin homology (PH) domain for targeting the membrane. As revealed by ongoing Rgnef-FAK investigations, exploring GEF roles in cancer will yield fundamental new information on the molecular mechanisms promoting tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D D Schlaepfer
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, MC 0803, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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Seul HJ, Ahn YR, Song HM, Ha YJ, Lee JR. Over-expression of a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, p190RhoGEF, in mouse dendritic cells negatively regulates cellular responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Mol Cells 2012; 34:159-64. [PMID: 22814846 PMCID: PMC3887820 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the role of a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (p190RhoGEF) in dendritic cells (DCs), using transgenic (TG) mice that over-express a full gene of p190RhoGEF under the control of an invariant chain promoter. TG mice lacked localization of activated DCs to the T cell zone in the spleen and had reduced serum levels of IL-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. DCs from these mice also showed reduced surface expression of CD86, CD40, and CD205, but not MHCII, as well as a reduced capability to uptake antigen. Moreover, chemokine-driven migration and secretion of IL-6, but not of IL-12, were impaired after LPS-stimulation of TG DCs. Collectively, these results suggest that over-expressing p190RhoGEF negatively regulates conventional DC function in response to bacterial LPS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Seul
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Yu Ri Ahn
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Hyeon Myeong Song
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Yun Jung Ha
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
- Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
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