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Li W, Zheng T, Feng K, Ma Y, Liu J, Xu W, Cheng W, Xi X, Luo J. Bacterial distinctions in practical rural sewage collection systems caused by the location, season, and system type. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117024. [PMID: 37657606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria in rural sewage collection systems have the important influences on operation and maintenance risks, such as sedimentation blockage and harmful gas accumulation, and pollutant pre-treatment ability. It is necessary to analyze and interpret the influence on bacterial communities caused by the location (sewage, biofilms, and deposits), season (winter and spring, summer and autumn), and system type (sewers and ditches) to better understand the bacterial characteristics in rural sewage collection systems. To achieve the above purpose, 96 samples obtained from practical rural sewage collection systems in eight villages were analyzed by 16S rRNA whole region sequencing methods. The results indicate that locations and seasons caused significant influences on the overall bacterial communities, which were mainly affected by temperature, sewage quality and bacterial survival preference, and 13 genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), 2 genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), 2 genera of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and 9 genera of water-related pathogenic bacteria (WPB) were detected in rural sewage collection systems. SRB, AOB, NOB, and WPB tended to inhabit in biofilms or deposits rather than in sewage. The total relative abundance of SRB in summer and autumn (∼2.19%) was higher than in winter and spring (∼0.41%), and the WPB distribution in different seasons showed significant distinction. Additionally, some of SRB, AOB, NOB, and WPB also showed significant differences in sewers and ditches. Overall, this study provided a deeper understanding of bacteria in rural sewage collection systems and could further provide the basic parameter for the operation and maintenance risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ke Feng
- Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shaanxi Environmental Protection Building, No.106 Xiying Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China.
| | - Wenhu Cheng
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xi
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Jianrong Luo
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
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Sladecek V, Senk D, Stolar P, Bzdil J, Holy O. Predominance of Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii among Acinetobacter species in domestic animals in the Czech Republic. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:419-427. [PMID: 38163045 PMCID: PMC10755813 DOI: 10.17221/65/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to map the spectrum of microorganisms belonging to the genus Acinetobacter in domestic animals with a specific focus on the prevalence of Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii. Additionally, the susceptibility of isolates to antimicrobial agents was determined. In the period from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015, a total of 9 544 samples originating from gross lesions and pathological processes of animals exhibiting clinical symptoms of the disease were examined across 41 districts in the Czech Republic. The examinations were carried out using culture methods involving meat-peptone blood agar and Endo agar under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 37 ± 1 °C for 18-24 hours. Isolates were confirmed using molecular phenotypic method MALDI-TOF MS with the MBT Compass Library Revision L 2020 covering 3 239 species/entries (9 607 MSP) from Bruker Daltonics company. Out of the 108 isolates (prevalence 1.13%), 14 species of Acinetobacter spp. were identified, with 5 isolates remaining unclassified as species. A. pseudolwoffii was the predominant species isolated in 25 cases (prevalence 0.26%). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 12 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method, with A. pseudolwoffii isolates exhibiting the lowest susceptibility to ceftazidime (32%) and co-trimoxazole (60%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Mohamed HMA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Al-Jabr OA, El-Zamkan MA. Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Raw Milk. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121845. [PMID: 36552354 PMCID: PMC9775129 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. In this study, 100 raw milk samples were collected from Qena, Egypt, and subjected to conventional and molecular assays to determine the presence of A. baumannii and investigate their antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Our findings revealed that, among the 100 samples, Acinetobacter spp. were found in 13 samples based on CHROM agar results. We further characterized them using rpoB and 16S-23SrRNA sequencing and gyrB multiplex PCR analysis and confirmed that 9 out of the 13 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were A. baumannii and 4 were other species. The A. baumannii isolates were resistant to β-lactam drugs, including cefotaxime (44%), ampicillin-sulbactam and levofloxacin (33.3% for each), imipenem, meropenem and aztreonam (22.2% for each). We observed different antimicrobial resistance patterns, with a multi-antibiotic resistant (MAR) index ranging from 0.2 to 0.3. According to the PCR results, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were amplified in 100% and 55.5% of the A. baumannii isolates, respectively, while the blaOXA-58 gene was not amplified. Furthermore, the metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) genes blaIMP and blaNDM were found in 11.1% and 22.2% of isolates, respectively, while blaVIM was not amplified. Additionally, eight A. baumannii isolates (88.8%) produced black-colored colonies on Congo red agar, demonstrating their biofilm production capacity. These results showed that, besides other foodborne pathogens, raw milk should also be examined for A. baumannii, which could be a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hams M. A. Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Omar A. Al-Jabr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. El-Zamkan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Roy S, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Basu S. Convergence of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:793615. [PMID: 35402433 PMCID: PMC8987773 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.793615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as this pathogen has certain attributes that facilitate the subversion of natural defenses of the human body. A. baumannii acquires antibiotic resistance determinants easily and can thrive on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Different resistance mechanisms or determinants, both transmissible and non-transmissible, have aided in this victory over antibiotics. In addition, the propensity to form biofilms (communities of organism attached to a surface) allows the organism to persist in hospitals on various medical surfaces (cardiac valves, artificial joints, catheters, endotracheal tubes, and ventilators) and also evade antibiotics simply by shielding the bacteria and increasing its ability to acquire foreign genetic material through lateral gene transfer. The biofilm formation rate in A. baumannii is higher than in other species. Recent research has shown how A. baumannii biofilm-forming capacity exerts its effect on resistance phenotypes, development of resistome, and dissemination of resistance genes within biofilms by conjugation or transformation, thereby making biofilm a hotspot for genetic exchange. Various genes control the formation of A. baumannii biofilms and a beneficial relationship between biofilm formation and "antimicrobial resistance" (AMR) exists in the organism. This review discusses these various attributes of the organism that act independently or synergistically to cause hospital infections. Evolution of AMR in A. baumannii, resistance mechanisms including both transmissible (hydrolyzing enzymes) and non-transmissible (efflux pumps and chromosomal mutations) are presented. Intrinsic factors [biofilm-associated protein, outer membrane protein A, chaperon-usher pilus, iron uptake mechanism, poly-β-(1, 6)-N-acetyl glucosamine, BfmS/BfmR two-component system, PER-1, quorum sensing] involved in biofilm production, extrinsic factors (surface property, growth temperature, growth medium) associated with the process, the impact of biofilms on high antimicrobial tolerance and regulation of the process, gene transfer within the biofilm, are elaborated. The infections associated with colonization of A. baumannii on medical devices are discussed. Each important device-related infection is dealt with and both adult and pediatric studies are separately mentioned. Furthermore, the strategies of preventing A. baumannii biofilms with antibiotic combinations, quorum sensing quenchers, natural products, efflux pump inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and phage therapy are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Roy
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sulagna Basu
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Kaur K, Sidhu H, Capalash N, Sharma P. Multicopper oxidase of Acinetobacter baumannii: Assessing its role in metal homeostasis, stress management and virulence. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104124. [PMID: 32169492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A putative multicopper oxidase, encoded as CopA in the proteome of Acinetobacter baumannii 19606, and designated as AbMCO, was expressed heterologously in E. coli (pET-28a) and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified AbMCO exhibited in vitro oxidase activities upon exogenous addition of ≥1 μM copper ions. Kinetic studies revealed its phenol oxidase activity as it could catalyze the oxidation of substrates viz. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, pyrogallol and catechol. Additionally, AbMCO displayed siderophore oxidase activity which depicted its role in metal homeostasis and protection from the toxic redox states of copper and iron. Importantly, expression of abMCO increased manifold upon challenge with high concentrations of copper sulphate (CuSO4, 1.5 mM) and sodium chloride (NaCl, 700 mM) which suggested its protective role in stress adaptation and management. Intra-macrophage assay of abMCO-expressing and abMCO-non expressing cells depicted no significant change in the survival rate of A. baumannii inside the macrophages. These findings indicate that A. baumannii encodes a multicopper oxidase, conferring copper tolerance and survival under stress conditions but had no role in virulence of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavleen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Almasaudi SB. Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: Epidemiology and resistance features. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:586-596. [PMID: 29686523 PMCID: PMC5910652 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Acinetobacter is a major cause of nosocomial infections; it is increasingly being associated with various epidemics and has become a widespread concern in a variety of hospitals worldwide. Multi-antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, is now recognized to be of great clinical significance. Numerous reports relay to the spread of A. baumannii in the hospital settings which leads to enhanced nosocomial outbreaks associated with high death rates. However, many other Acinetobacter spp. also can cause nosocomial infections. This review focused on the role of Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens in addition to their persistence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad B. Almasaudi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Protic D, Pejovic A, Andjelkovic D, Djukanovic N, Savic D, Piperac P, Markovic Denic L, Zdravkovic M, Todorovic Z. Nosocomial Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: Are We Losing the Battle? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2016; 17:236-42. [PMID: 26885722 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug- and extended-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter is constantly increasing all over the world, with a high mortality rate. We analyzed the in-hospital data on the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and correlated them with antibiotic treatment and clinical outcomes of nosocomial infections over a 17-mo period. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed at the Clinical Center "Bezanijska kosa," Belgrade, Serbia. Microbiologic data (number and sensitivity of A. baumannii isolates) and clinical data (medical records of 41 randomly selected patients who developed nosocomial infection caused by A. baumannii) were matched. RESULTS Acinetobacter baumannii, detected in 279 isolates and obtained from 19 patients (12% of all samples), was resistant to almost all antibiotics tested, including carbapenems, with the exception of colistin and tigecycline. It was obtained most often from the respiratory tract samples. Empiric treatment of the nosocomial infections (pneumonia in 75% of cases) involved cephalosporins, metronidazole, and carbapenems (80%, 66%, and 61% of patients, respectively), whereas tigecyclin and colistin were used primarily in targeted therapy (20% and 12% of patients, respectively). The mortality rate of patients treated empirically was significantly higher (p < 0.01), reaching 100% in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial A. baumannii infections represent a significant clinical problem because of their high incidence, lack of susceptibility to the most commonly used antibiotics, and the often inappropriate treatment, which favors the development of multi-drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Protic
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Pejovic
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nina Djukanovic
- 3 High Medical School "Milutin Milanković ," Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Savic
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Piperac
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Markovic Denic
- 2 Medical Center "Bezanijska kosa ," Belgrade, Serbia .,4 Institute of Epidemiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- 2 Medical Center "Bezanijska kosa ," Belgrade, Serbia .,5 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorovic
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia .,2 Medical Center "Bezanijska kosa ," Belgrade, Serbia
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Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex strains induce caspase-dependent and caspase-independent death of human epithelial cells. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:319-29. [PMID: 22684803 PMCID: PMC3401494 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated interactions of human isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii complex strains with epithelial cells. The results showed that bacterial contact with the cells as well as adhesion and invasion were required for induction of cytotoxicity. The infected cells revealed hallmarks of apoptosis characterized by cell shrinking, condensed chromatin, and internucleosomal fragmentation of nuclear DNA. The highest apoptotic index was observed for 4 of 10 A.calcoaceticus and 4 of 7 A. baumannii strains. Moreover, we observed oncotic changes: cellular swelling and blebbing, noncondensed chromatin, and the absence of DNA fragmentation. The highest oncotic index was observed in cells infected with 6 A.calcoaceticus isolates. Cell-contact cytotoxicity and cell death were not inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Induction of oncosis was correlated with increased invasive ability of the strains. We demonstrated that the mitochondria of infected cells undergo structural and functional alterations which can lead to cell death. Infected apoptotic and oncotic cells exhibited loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Bacterial infection caused generation of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. This study indicated that Acinetobacter spp. induced strain-dependent distinct types of epithelial cell death that may contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial infection.
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Bhargava N, Sharma P, Capalash N. Quorum sensing in Acinetobacter: an emerging pathogen. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 36:349-60. [PMID: 20846031 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2010.512269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter is emerging as one of the major nosocomial infectious pathogens, facilitated by tolerance to desiccation and multidrug resistance. Quorum sensing (autoinducer-receptor mechanism) plays role in biofilm formation in Acinetobacter, though its role in regulation of other virulence factors is yet to be established. Phylogenetic studies indicate that Acinetobacter baumannii is closely related to Burkholderia ambifaria but its quorum sensing genes (abaI and abaR) were acquired horizontally from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. The prospects of quorum quenching to control the infections caused by Acinetobacter have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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