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Fan J, Zhou W, Zhan W, Tao L, Li W, Kuang L. Clinical and Ultrasonographic Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Located in the Isthmus. Ultrasound Q 2023; 39:32-36. [PMID: 34935763 DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical and ultrasonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in the isthmus. A total of 823 patients with 823 PTCs including 133 in the isthmus and 690 in the lateral lobe were included in our study. All patients were confirmed by postoperative pathology. The clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Multifactor analyses showed that PTC in the isthmus was significantly different from PTC originating from the lateral lobe in aspect ratio, microcalcification, extrathyroid extension, lymph node metastases, and lymph node density ( P < 0.05, for all). There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor size, margin, halo, echogenicity, and homogeneity ( P > 0.05, for all). The results indicated that the sonographic appearances of PTC in the isthmus were relatively atypical; however, it had a higher incidence of extrathyroidal extension, central lymph node metastasis, and a tendency of higher lymph node density. Therefore, more careful ultrasound evaluation should be performed for these nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Tao
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch
| | - Lijun Kuang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch
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Makazlieva T, Stoilovska Rizova B, Stojanoski S, Manevska N, Vaskova O, Velikj Stefanovska V, Miladinova D. Ultrasound features and preoperative accuracy of the fine needle aspiration biopsy in detection of thyroid carcinomas. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:1338-1344. [PMID: 36129366 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the ultrasound (US) characteristics and fine needle biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid carcinomas (TCs) prior to surgery and compare with postoperative histopathology and to determine FNAB sensitivity and specificity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of the US data during 1999-2015 was performed, as well as analysis of FNAB results and using histopathology report as "gold standard" the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this method was evaluated. RESULTS Data revealed that tumors >51 mm were declining by 50% in the period 2011-2015 compared to 2005-2010 or by 18% 2011-2015 compared to 1999-2004 and significant increase was detected in diagnosis of multicentric tumors. The analysis revealed that FNAB has sensitivity = 65.7% CI (0.59% - 0.71%) and specificity = 50% CI (0.43%-0.56%), PPV = 56.9% and NPV = 59.2%. CONCLUSION We found increasing detection of smaller TCs, as well as more frequent detection of multicentricity of the neoplastic foci. FNAB results in our study revealed low sensitivity and specificity. Major limitation of the study was inability to exactly separate US guided from non US guided FNAB in evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity, due to retrospective nature of the analysis. Further studies evaluating only US guided FNAB should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Makazlieva
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Bojana Stoilovska Rizova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Sinisa Stojanoski
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nevena Manevska
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Olivija Vaskova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Vesna Velikj Stefanovska
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics with Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Daniela Miladinova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Zhang F, Russell YX, Guber HA. Transverse and Longitudinal Ultrasound Location of Thyroid Nodules and Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:682-690. [PMID: 33642256 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of thyroid nodules demands accurate assessment tools to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Prior studies demonstrated a correlation between the longitudinal location of thyroid nodules and the likelihood of malignancy. No study has evaluated the predictive value of transverse location on ultrasonography with malignancy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of thyroid nodules that underwent fine-needle aspiration over 13 years, including demographics, risk factors, nodule sonographic features, location, and surgical pathology. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of malignancy. RESULTS Of the 668 thyroid nodules, 604 were analyzed with a definitive diagnosis. Thirty-seven nodules were malignant, representing a prevalence of 6.1%. In the longitudinal plane, the upper pole nodules carried the highest incidence of malignancy (14.9%). In the transverse plane, the highest incidence of malignancy occurred in nodules located laterally (12.5%) and anterior-laterally (11.8%). Compared with the upper pole, the odds of malignancy were significantly lower for lower pole (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09-0.70) and midlobe nodules (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.83). In the transverse plane, posteriorly situated nodules carried a significantly lower risk of malignancy (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.69). Multiple logistic regression confirmed these associations after adjusting for age, sex, family history, radiation exposure, nodule size, and sonographic characteristics. CONCLUSION Both the transverse and longitudinal planes were independent predictors of cancer in thyroid nodules. Lateral, anterior-lateral, and upper pole nodules carried the highest risk and posterior nodules had the lowest risk of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, New York; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, 1 Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Yan X Russell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, New York; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Helena A Guber
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, New York
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have reported that ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (UGFNAC) can be used for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules (TN) effectively. However, no study has systematically explored its diagnosis accuracy in patients with TN. Thus, this study will assess its diagnosis accuracy for TN. METHODS We will perform a comprehensive literature search from the following databases from their inceptions to the present without language restrictions: MEDILINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We will consider all case-controlled studies investigating the impacts of UGFNAC diagnosis for patients with TN for inclusion. Two authors will independently carry out study selection, data collection, and methodological quality assessment. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool will be used for methodological quality evaluation. We will use RevMan V.5.3 and Stata V.12.0 software to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS We will apply sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio to judge the diagnostic accuracy of UGFNAC for TN. CONCLUSION The results of this study will provide latest evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of UGFNAC for TN. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019138805.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Laboratory, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Baota District, Yan’an, China
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Gao Z, Lu Q, Yan J. Value of differential diagnosis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in benign and malignant thyroid nodules with microcalcification. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4545-4549. [PMID: 30944643 PMCID: PMC6444473 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Value of differential diagnosis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in benign and malignant thyroid nodules with microcalcification was explored. A total of 184 patients with thyroid nodules with microcalcification, treated in People's Hospital of Shanxi Province from April 2015 to March 2017, were selected as research subjects. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used for imaging examination of the thyroid nodules. Three regions of interest were drawn at the positions with the strongest ultrasound imaging, for which the time-intensity curve (TIC), time to peak (Tp), peak intensity (Peak), area under curve (AUC) and mean transit time (MTT) were obtained separately. The features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for malignant thyroid nodules were manifested as irregular focus edge, unclear boundary, low fiber reinforcement of the whole focus, uneven distribution of images and blood perfusion defect inside the focus, especially severe blood perfusion defect in the nodule center. The TIC showed a slow ascending and slow descending trend in general. The TIC features and the features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for malignant thyroid nodules were prominently different from those for benign thyroid nodules. Compared with those in the surrounding normal tissues of thyroid gland, the Peak was remarkably shorter, and the AUC was notably smaller in the center and edge of malignant thyroid nodules (P<0.05); and the nodule center had obviously shorter Peak and smaller AUC than the nodule edge (P<0.05). Furthermore, in comparison with those of malignant thyroid nodules, the Peak was extended and AUC was enlarged markedly in the center and edge of benign thyroid nodules (P<0.05). In conclusion, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound can preferably compare the lesions of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with microcalcification, which possesses certain value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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Zhang F, Oluwo O, Castillo FB, Gangula P, Castillo M, Farag F, Zakaria S, Zahedi T. THYROID NODULE LOCATION ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY AS A PREDICTOR OF MALIGNANCY. Endocr Pract 2018; 25:131-137. [PMID: 30383496 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2018-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic capacity of ultrasonography (US) for differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules is crucial in preventing unnecessary invasive procedures. This is the first study to evaluate whether thyroid nodule location on US has predictive value for malignancy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from 219 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 1 year. Patients' demographics as well as nodule's laterality, polarity, morphology, and multinodularity were analyzed. All malignant lesions were confirmed by surgical pathology. RESULTS The majority of the patients were female (86.2%). Nodules were evenly distributed between the right lobe (46.3%) and left lobe (49.5%). Eight nodules (4.2%) were located in the isthmus. Most nodules (79.3%) were located in the lower pole, while 9.6% were located in the upper pole and 6.9% in the middle pole. Seventy-five patients (39.9%) had multiple nodules. Fourteen nodules were malignant, representing a prevalence of 7.4%. A significantly higher frequency of malignancy was observed in upper pole (22.2%) compared to lower pole (4.7%) and middle pole (15.4%). A multiple logistic regression model confirmed such association after adjusting for age, body mass index, multinodularity, and laterality. The odds of malignancy in the upper pole were 4 times higher than other locations (odds ratio, 4.6; P = .03). CONCLUSION Our study is the first showing that thyroid nodules located in the upper pole can be considered as having higher risk for malignancy. It may enhance the predictive value of malignancy if it is included in thyroid nodule ultrasound classification guidelines. ABBREVIATIONS AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ATA = American Thyroid Association; BMI = body mass index; FNA = fine-needle aspiration; TMS = total malignancy score; TTW = taller than wide; US = ultrasonography.
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