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Hasan MM, Ahmed S, Soares Magalhaes RJ, Fatima Y, Biswas T, Mamun AA. Double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries: progress achieved and opportunities for meeting the global target. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:277-287. [PMID: 34040202 PMCID: PMC8152189 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends and projections of underweight (Body Mass Index, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) in women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We used data from 2,337,855 women aged 15-49 years from nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2018. Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS During 1990-2018, the prevalence of underweight decreased in 35 countries and overweight increased in 50 countries. The highest underweight increase was in Morocco (5.5%) and overweight in Nepal (12.4%). In 2030, >20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%), and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas >50% of women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. 24 LMICs are projected to experience the double burden of malnutrition (both underweight and overweight >20%) in 2030. Noticeable variations in underweight and overweight were observed across wealth, residence, education, and age of women, with a higher rate of overweight in high-income, high-education, and urban women. These inequalities have widened in many countries and are projected to continue. The probability of eradicating overweight and underweight is nearly 0% for all countries by 2030, except Egypt is on track to eradicate underweight. CONCLUSIONS Although the prevalence of underweight declined, this decline has been superseded by the dramatic increase of overweight. None of the 55 LMICs is likely to eradicate malnutrition in women by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia.
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia.
| | - Saifuddin Ahmed
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD, 4825, Australia
| | - Tuhin Biswas
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course (The Life Course Centre), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
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El Ashmawi AA, Hassan NE, Zarouk WA, Mira MF, Khalil A, El-Masry SA, El-Saeed GS, El Hussieny MS, Dwidar OH. Mother-daughter genetic relationship in central obesity. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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