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Pokhrel S, Sharma N, Aryal S, Khadka R, Thapa TB, Pandey P, Joshi G. Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus. J Pathog 2024; 2024:2342468. [PMID: 38745848 PMCID: PMC11090675 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2342468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The increasing antibiotic resistance and the ability to form biofilms in medical devices have become the leading cause of severe infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Since the bacteria living in biofilms can exhibit 10- to 1,000-fold increase in antibiotic resistance and implicate chronic infectious diseases, the detection of S. aureus ability to form biofilms is of great importance for managing, minimizing, and effectively treating infections caused by it. This study aimed to compare the tube and tissue culture methods to detect biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA and MSSA. Materials and Methods The S. aureus isolates were identified by the examination of the colony morphology, Gram staining, and various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates was performed by the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by CLSI guidelines. MRSA screening was performed phenotypically using a cefoxitin disc (30 µg). Isolates were tested for inducible resistance using the D-test, and two phenotypic methods detected biofilm formation. Results Among 982 nonrepeated clinical specimens, S. aureus was isolated from 103 (10.48%). Among 103 clinical isolates of S. aureus, 54 (52.42%) isolates were MRSA, and 49 (47.57%) were MSSA. Among 54 MRSA isolates, the inducible MLSB phenotype was observed in 23/54 (42.59%) with a positive D-test. By TCP method, 26 (48.1%) MRSA isolates were strong biofilm producers, whereas, among all MSSA isolates, only 6 (12.2%) were strong biofilm producers. Conclusion MRSA showed strong biofilm production in comparison with MSSA. The TCP method is a recommended reliable method to detect the biofilm among S. aureus isolates, and the TM method could be useful for the screening of biofilm production in S. aureus in the routine clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Pokhrel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Nobel College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suraj Aryal
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Rachita Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Nobel College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tika Bahadur Thapa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pawan Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Nobel College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Govardhan Joshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Global Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Khodabux RMJ, Mariappan S, Sekar U. Spectrum of Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Prevalence of SCCmec Types in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Center. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:450-461. [PMID: 37564222 PMCID: PMC10411210 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a widely recognized multidrug-resistant bacteria presenting a major therapeutic challenge to clinicians. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a number of pathogenicity factors that attribute to the severity of infections. This study was undertaken to investigate the common virulence genes in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus , determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and to characterize the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types among MRSA in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods A total of 133 clinical isolates were included in this study. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was screened using cefoxitin disc; m ecA and mecC genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was done to detect 12 virulence factors such as hla , hlb , fnbA , fnbB , sea , seb , sec , icaA , clfA , tst , pvl, and eta . SCCmec typing was done by multiplex PCR. Results Of the 133 clinical isolates, 54 (40.6%) were MRSA. The most common virulence gene detected was hlb (61.6%), hla (39%), and fnbA (37%). SCCmec type I was the most predominant. Mortality rate of 6.7% was observed among patients with staphylococcal infections. Univariate analysis of mortality associated virulence genes did not reveal any significant association between virulence genes and mortality. Conclusion The distribution of virulence genes is similar in both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus . MRSA belongs to the SCCmec types I to IV. Possession of multiple virulence factors and multidrug resistance profile makes Staphylococcus aureus a formidable pathogen in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Michelle J. Khodabux
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanthi Mariappan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uma Sekar
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Palandurkar GS, Kumar S. Biofilm's Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cureus 2023; 15:e45510. [PMID: 37868553 PMCID: PMC10585119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The colon has a large surface area covered with a thick mucus coating. Colon's biomass consists of about 1,012 colony-forming units per gram of feces and 500-1,000 distinct bacterial species. The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) indicates the collection of intestinal illnesses in which the digestive system (esophagus, large intestine, mouth, stomach, and small intestine) experiences persistent inflammation. IBD development is influenced by environmental (infections, stress, and nutrition) and genetic factors. The microbes present in gut microbiota help maintain intestinal homeostasis and support immune and epithelial cell growth, differentiation, as well as proliferation. It has been discovered that a variety of variables and microorganisms are crucial for the development of biofilms and mucosal colonization during IBD. An extracellular matrix formed by bacteria supports biofilm production in our digestive system and harms the host's immunological response. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBD considerably affect human socioeconomic well-being and the standard of living. IBD is a serious public health issue, affecting millions of people across the globe. The gut microbiome may significantly influence IBS pathogenesis, even though few diagnostic and treatment options are available. As a result, current research focuses more on disrupting biofilm in IBD patients and stresses primarily on drugs that help improve the quality of life for human well-being. We evaluate studies on IBD and bacterial biofilm to add fresh insights into the existing state of knowledge of biofilm formation in IBD, incidence of IBD patients, molecular level of investigations, bacteria that are involved in the formation of biofilm, and present and down the line regimens and probiotics. Planning advanced ways to control and eradicate bacteria in biofilms should be the primary goal to add fresh insights into generating innovative diagnostic and alternative therapy options for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S Palandurkar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Raposo C, Serrano I, Cunha E, Couto MP, Lopes F, Casero M, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Phenotypic Characterization of Oral Mucor Species from Eurasian Vultures: Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Ability. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1638. [PMID: 37629495 PMCID: PMC10455617 DOI: 10.3390/life13081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to poisoning and decline in the food resources of Eurasian vultures, there has been a rise in the number of Griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) needing veterinary care. In captivity, vultures often develop oral and other infectious diseases which can affect their survival and the probability of reintroduction in the wild. Therefore, it is important to characterize relevant microbial species present in the oral cavity of vultures, such as Mucor spp. In this work, seven Mucor spp. isolates previously obtained from Gyps fulvus and Aegypius monachus oral swabs collected at two rehabilitation centers in Portugal were characterized regarding their pathogenic enzymatic profile and antimicrobial activity. Isolates were identified by macro and microscopic observation, and PCR and ITS sequencing. Their antimicrobial activity was determined using a collection of pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species. Results showed that 86% of the isolates produced α-hemolysis, 71% expressed DNase, 57% produce lecithinase and lipase, 29% expressed gelatinase, and 29% were biofilm producers. Four isolates showed inhibitory activity against relevant human and veterinary clinical isolates, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Neisseria zoodegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, accurate management programs should consider the benefits and disadvantages of Mucor spp. presence in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Raposo
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Patrícia Couto
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CERAS—Centro de Estudos e Recuperação de Animais Selvagens, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6000-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - María Casero
- RIAS Centro de Recuperação e Investigação de Animais Selvagens, Rua do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, Quelfes, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal;
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Negm EM, Elgharabawy ES, Badran SG, Soliman ALZM, El Sayed AM, Raafat AON, Soliman ST, Mahmoud HM, Tawfik AE, El Hawary AT, El Hawary A, Elhewala A, El-Sokkary RH. Analysis of cumulative antibiogram reports in intensive care units at an Egyptian University Hospital. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1220-1229. [PMID: 37276716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutions must have access to antibiograms to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance and direct empirical antibiotic therapy. The first facility-specific cumulative antibiogram was launched in the ICU in 2019. Consequently, many antibiogram-operation-related actions have been adopted in the institution based on reported data. This study aimed to analyze the cumulative antibiogram reports for multiple intensive care units (ICUs) for 2020, and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) patterns between the 2019 and 2020 years in an academic medical center. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed of routine bacterial culture and AST data extracted from a laboratory information system in a 2252-bed capacity hospital. Only the first diagnostic isolate of a given species per patient per year was included in the study. Interpretation and reporting were done in accordance with the applicable Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. RESULTS Of the 46,791 clinical isolates, the Gram-negative bacilli isolation rate witnessed a significant increase: 35,670 isolates in 2020 versus. 33,652 isolates in 2019. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a statistically significant increase, mainly in pediatric, emergency, and cardiothoracic ICUs (p < 0.001). Neonatal and pediatric ICUs showed statistically significant increases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis isolates (p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease was noted in the prevalence of Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Enterobacter cloacae. The sensitivities of K. pneumoniae and E. coli to imipenem and tigecycline significantly improved (p < 0.001). The sensitivity to colistin was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolates to colistin and carbapenems was improved (p < 0.001). We reported a statistically significant decrease in all Gram-positive cocci (11,121 in 2020 versus. 11,528 in 2019). Staphylococcus aureus showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001), particularly in the medical ICU. CONCLUSION The high susceptibility rates of Enterobacteriaceae toward colistin and tigecycline, should be cautiously considered in empiric therapy while looking for alternatives. The majority of isolates of Gram-positive cocci were coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS), we still need to confirm whether they are true pathogens or commensals before considering anti-staphylococcal agents in the empirical therapy. We underscored some corrective actions that might have improved the susceptibility rates, such as antibiotic cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essamedin M Negm
- Anasthesia, Intensive Care And Pain Management, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Aya M El Sayed
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Aya O N Raafat
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt; Clinical Nutritionists, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Sara T Soliman
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mahmoud
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Tawfik
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
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Akbar M, Haque A, Liaquat S, Schierack P, Ali A. Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Its Inhibition Using Carvacrol, 2-Aminobenzemidazole, and 3-Indole Acetonitrile. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:682-687. [PMID: 36643518 PMCID: PMC9835774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections are problematic for physicians due to high antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria. Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, cause severe infections particularly associated with clinical implants. In this study, we have detected the biofilm formation potential of clinical S. epidermidis isolates using phenotypic and genotypic approaches in nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient growth conditions. The Congo red agar method determined the biofilm formation potential with limited efficacy. However, the tissue culture plate method adroitly classified the isolates as strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers with five (10%) of the isolates as strong biofilm producers. Ten biofilm-associated genes were targeted, and the fruA gene was found to be the most prevalent (20%). Three antibiofilm compounds, carvacrol, 2-aminobenzemidazole, and 3-indole acetonitrile, were assessed against strong biofilm-producing S. epidermidis isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genotypic and phenotypic detection of biofilms formed by clinical S. epidermidis isolates from this region. The use of 3-indole acetonitrile against these biofilms and toluene as a solvent is novel. The study highlights the significance of biofilm and antibiofilm potential of the studied compounds for effective treatment and control of S. epidermidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Umair Akbar
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan
Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaquat
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University
of Technology, Cottbus−Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, Senftenberg D-01968, Germany
| | - Aamir Ali
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan
Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Biofilms and Benign Colonic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214259. [PMID: 36430737 PMCID: PMC9698058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The colon has a very large surface area that is covered by a dense mucus layer. The biomass in the colon includes 500-1000 bacterial species at concentrations of ~1012 colony-forming units per gram of feces. The intestinal epithelial cells and the commensal bacteria in the colon have a symbiotic relationship that results in nutritional support for the epithelial cells by the bacteria and maintenance of the optimal commensal bacterial population by colonic host defenses. Bacteria can form biofilms in the colon, but the exact frequency is uncertain because routine methods to undertake colonoscopy (i.e., bowel preparation) may dislodge these biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms represent a complex community that includes living and dead bacteria and an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and exogenous debris in the colon. The formation of biofilms occurs in benign colonic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The development of a biofilm might serve as a marker for ongoing colonic inflammation. Alternatively, the development of biofilms could contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders by providing sanctuaries for pathogenic bacteria and reducing the commensal bacterial population. Therapeutic approaches to patients with benign colonic diseases could include the elimination of biofilms and restoration of normal commensal bacteria populations. However, these studies will be extremely difficult unless investigators can develop noninvasive methods for measuring and identifying biofilms. These methods that might include the measurement of quorum sensing molecules, measurement of bile acids, and identification of bacteria uniquely associated with biofilms in the colon.
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Cho JA, Roh YJ, Son HR, Choi H, Lee JW, Kim SJ, Lee CH. Assessment of the biofilm-forming ability on solid surfaces of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18669. [PMID: 36333517 PMCID: PMC9636376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of the leading causes of complications after surgery in clinical settings. In this study, we profiled the biofilm-forming ability of various periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens on medically relevant surfaces, polystyrene (PS) and titanium (Ti). We also explored how a specific environmental stressor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), affected biofilm formation. First, Congo red tests revealed that all microorganisms formed biofilms within 72 h. Then, the amounts of biofilm formation on PS at 24, 48 and 72 h and also on a Ti plate for 72 h were determined. Some microbes preferred one surface over the other, whereas other microbes formed consistent levels of biofilm regardless of the surface material. Staphylococcus lugdunenensis was the most potent, while Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were the weakest. Bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH) tests indicated that the biofilm-forming abilities were not directly correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Finally, an external signal, EGCG, was applied to challenge the biofilm formation of each microorganism. EGCG regulated each microorganism's ability differently, though the change was consistent across surfaces for most pathogens. This study can help a better understanding of a broad spectrum of periprosthetic infection-associated pathogens by relative comparison of their biofilm-forming abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Roh
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Son
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04762 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- grid.254187.d0000 0000 9475 8840Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University, Hwasung, 18450 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721New Biology Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
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Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors among Dental Caries-Suspected Patients Attending the Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Private Dental Clinic in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3463472. [PMID: 36299705 PMCID: PMC9592214 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3463472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a major public oral infectious disease globally due to its high prevalence and significant social impact. Many studies have been conducted on dental caries in Ethiopia; however, they fail to convey the antimicrobial resistance in the oral environment. Objective This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biofilm formation in the bacteria isolated from dental caries and its associated factors of dental caries in THE Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and private dental clinics located at Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020. Sociodemographic characteristic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. A total of 422 dental caries-suspected patients were selected and coronal caries scraps were collected by the dentist aseptically; these samples were transported to a microbiological laboratory to identify the antibiotic sensitivity assay and biofilm formation by the isolated pathogens. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. The P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of culture-positive samples was found to be 196 (46.4%). From the 196 culture-positive samples, 327 bacteria were isolated. Out of 327 bacterial isolates, 196 (46.4%) were identified as Streptococcus mutans and 69 (35.2%) were identified to be Staphylococcus aureus. From the isolated bacteria, 311 (95.1%) organisms were identified as positive for biofilm formation. From the AST assay, we have identified that penicillin has the highest resistance rate of 76.5%, followed by tetracycline at 64.8%. In contrast, the antibiotics such as cefoxitin and chloramphenicol have a sensitivity of 83.5% and 81.6% to all the bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the isolates was found to be 40.4%. With respect to the associated risk factors, the white spot (AOR = 3.885, 95% CI 1.282-11.767, P = 0.016), gum bleeding (AOR = 2.820, 95% CI 1.006-7.907, P = 0.049), toothache (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 0.58-0.885, P = 0.033), and chocolate consumption (AOR = 5.314, 95% CI 1.760-16.040, P = 0.003) were statically associated with dental caries bacterial infection. Conclusion Based on our findings, we recommend the integration of routine culture and AST into clinical practice that might support the diagnosis and management of MDR in dental caries. The education on proper dietary habits might support the prevention and control of dental caries. It is important to provide health education on how to improve oral health in the study area. The education on proper dietary habits might support the prevention and control of dental caries. Further study is needed to find the other determinant factors of dental caries.
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Haque S, Faidah H, Ashgar SS, Abujamel TS, Mokhtar JA, Almuhayawi MS, Harakeh S, Singh R, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Green Synthesis of Zn(OH) 2/ZnO-Based Bionanocomposite using Pomegranate Peels and Its Application in the Degradation of Bacterial Biofilm. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3458. [PMID: 36234586 PMCID: PMC9565895 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability and potency of bacterial species to form biofilms, which show antibiotic resistance thereby avoiding antibiotic surfaces, is a major cause of prolonged infections. Various advanced approaches have been employed to prevent or damage bacterial biofilms, formed by a variety of bacterial strains, to help prevent the associated infectious disease. In this context, zinc-based nanostructures have been recognized as a potential antibiotic agent against a broad spectrum of bacterial communities. As a result, a sustainable and green synthesis method was adapted in the present study to synthesize a Zn(OH)2/ZnO-based bionanocomposite, in which aqueous extracts of waste pomegranate peels (Punica granatum) were employed as a natural bioreducing agent to prepare the bionanocomposite at room temperature. Furthermore, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, UV-Visible, PL spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite. The average crystallite size was determined using the Scherrer relation to be 38 nm, and the DLS results indicated that the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite had a hydrodynamic size of 170 nm. On the other hand, optical properties investigated through UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy explored the energy bandgap between 2.80 and 4.46 eV, corresponding to the three absorption edges, and it covered the blue spectrum when the sample was excited at 370 nm. Furthermore, the impact of this green route synthesized a Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite on the biofilm degradation efficiency of the pathogenic bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 using the Congored method was investigated. The Congored assay clearly explored the biofilm degradation efficiency in the presence of a 50 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL concentration of the Zn(OH)2/ZnO bionanocomposite against the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis PF_1 grown for 24 h. This study can be further applied to the preparation of bionanocomposites following a low-cost green synthesis approach, and thus prepared nanostructures can be exploited as advanced antimicrobial agents, which could be of great interest to prevent various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami S. Ashgar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawahir A. Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Saad Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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11
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Isolation and Identification of Biofilm-Producing, Drug-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci from a Hospital Environment in Northern Philippines. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are considered adverse outcomes of confinement in a healthcare facility. Biofilm-producing, drug-resistant bacteria have further aggravated the problem with HCAIs. This study determined the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm phenotype of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from a hospital environment in Northern Philippines. The identification of CoNS species and the determination of antibiotic susceptibility were done using an automated assay. Biofilm production was detected using tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA) methods. Out of 220 surfaces and 26 air samples collected, 103 (41.9%) CoNS strains were isolated, predominated by S. epidermidis with 30.1% prevalence. The medical ward was found to have the highest prevalence of CoNS at 64%. The CoNS isolates exhibited a variable resistance profile; the highest was found against penicillin (97.1%) and oxacillin (54.3%). Isolates manifesting resistance to linezolid and vancomycin were also detected. From the 103 CoNS isolates, 52 (50.5%) biofilm producers were detected using the TCP method, and 39 (37.9%) were detected by the CRA method. Statistically significant difference was found between the biofilm biomass and the slime-producing pattern. This study revealed the prevalence of biofilm-producing, drug-resistant strains of CoNS in a Level 3 hospital in Northern Philippines. This warrants further enhancement of infection prevention and control programs to avert the emergence of more biofilm-producing, drug-resistant bacterial strains that could pose formidable threats to public health.
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12
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Rawat A, Malik N, Bisht D, Aggarwal J. Phenotypic Detection of Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_15_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Rawat A, Malik N, Bisht D, Aggarwal J. Distribution of IcaA and IcaB Genes in Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_16_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Pahlavanzadeh S, Khoshbakht R, Kaboosi H, Moazamian E. Phylogenetic relationship, virulence factors, and biofilm formation ability of human, pet animals, and raw milk Staphylococcus aureus isolates. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:181-188. [PMID: 36425609 PMCID: PMC9681982 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.42752.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genotypic characteristics and pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates is very important in the epidemiological study of its related diseases. AIMS The present study was done to compare the S. aureus isolates from different sources on the basis of virulence gene properties, biofilm production ability, and phylogenetic variations. METHODS Seventy S. aureus isolates (including 25 human, 25 raw milk, and 20 pet animal isolates) were subjected to slime production ability testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 14 different virulence genes, and DNA fingerprinting using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of coa gene PCR products. RESULTS Among 70 S. aureus, 64 (91.4%) isolates were slime producers on Congo red agar (CRA) medium. The spa and icaD virulence genes were present in all isolates and the seD and etaA genes were not detected in any of the isolates. In total, 22 different virulence gene patterns and nine distinct clusters of coa-PCR-RFLP were identified among isolates. CONCLUSION According to the results, S. aureus strains of human origin showed a significant association with specific virulence gene profiles and genotypes. seB and seC were the most responsible genes for S. aureus enterotoxin among human and animal isolates, respectively. Coa-RFLP showed partially appropriate results in the classification and source detection of S. aureus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pahlavanzadeh
- Ph.D. Student in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R. Khoshbakht
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - H. Kaboosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - E. Moazamian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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CORRECTION OF VAGINAL DYSBIOSIS CAUSED BY THE BIOFILM FORMING STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, USING PROBIOTIC BASED ON SPORE MICROORGANISMS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-1-79-209-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Silva NBS, Marques LA, Röder DDB. Diagnosis of biofilm infections: current methods used, challenges and perspectives for the future. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2148-2160. [PMID: 33629487 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of biofilms continues to be a challenge, and there is no standardized protocol for such a diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, some proposed methodologies are expensive to require significant amounts of time and a high number of trained staff, making them impracticable for clinical practice. In recent years, mass spectrophotometry/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) has been applied it in biofilm studies. However, due to several problems and limitations of the technique, MALDI-TOF is far from being the gold standard for identifying biofilm formation. The omics analysis may prove to be a promising strategy for the diagnosis of biofilms in clinical laboratories since it allows the identification of pathogens in less time than needed for conventional techniques and in a more specific manner. However, omic tools are expensive and require qualified technical expertise, and an analysis of the data obtained needs to be careful not to neglect subpopulations in the biofilm. More studies must therefore be developed for creating a protocol that guarantees rapid biofilm identification, ensuring greater chances of success in infection control. This review discusses the current methods of microbial biofilm detection and future perspectives for its diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B S Silva
- Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L A Marques
- Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D D B Röder
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Chang J, Lee RE, Lee W. A pursuit of Staphylococcus aureus continues: a role of persister cells. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:630-638. [PMID: 32627141 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes critical diseases, such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia, upon gaining access to the bloodstream of the host. Because host innate immunity alone cannot fight against this rapidly expanding pathogen, the use of antibiotic agents is necessary to clear out S. aureus. However, sub-populations of S. aureus fail to respond to the antibiotics resulting in ineffective clearance of the bacteria. One mechanism by which S. aureus does not respond to the antibiotics is by developing resistance through alterations in its genetic makeup, and genetic studies have revealed a major portion of mechanisms that are responsible for the rise of these antibiotic-resistant strains. Another sub-population that fails to respond to the antibiotics is called persister cells. There is a mounting clinical evidence that these persister cells significantly contribute to the antibiotic failure and persistent infection, but a clear mechanistic picture of the formation of the S. aureus persister cells is unavailable. This review focuses on drawing out a mechanistic map of factors that contribute to the formation of S. aureus persister cells. Understanding the mechanism will provide future direction for the development of novel antibiotic strategies to more efficiently tackle infections caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuOae Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Rho-Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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18
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Effects of Lysozyme, Proteinase K, and Cephalosporins on Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2020; 2020:6156720. [PMID: 32089678 PMCID: PMC7031717 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6156720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can form biofilms, which confer resistance to immune clearance and antibacterial treatment. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation are warranted. Here, 103 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were quantitatively screened for biofilm formation ability via the tissue culture plate method. The effects of lysozyme (hydrolytic enzyme) and proteinase K (protease) on biofilm formation were evaluated at different concentrations. Lysozyme (30 μg/mL), but not proteinase K, significantly inhibited biofilm formation (19% inhibition). Treatment of 24-hour-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates with 50 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime and cefepime significantly decreased the biofilm mass by 32.8% and 44%, respectively. Moreover, the exposure of 24-hour-old biofilms of P. aeruginosa isolates to lysozyme (30 μg/mL) and 50 times MICs of ceftazidime or cefepime resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm mass as compared with the exposure to lysozyme or either antibacterial agent alone. The best antibiofilm effect (49.3%) was observed with the combination of lysozyme (30 μg/mL) and 50 times MIC of cefepime. The promising antibiofilm activity observed after treatment with 50 times MIC of ceftazidime or cefepime alone or in combination with lysozyme (30 μg/mL) is indicative of a novel strategy to eradicate pseudomonal biofilms in intravascular devices and contact lenses.
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19
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Lu Y, Lu Q, Cheng Y, Wen G, Luo Q, Shao H, Zhang T. High concentration of coagulase-negative staphylococci carriage among bioaerosols of henhouses in Central China. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 31992193 PMCID: PMC6986044 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of opportunistic pathogens, which are widely spread in the environment. Animal breeding is an important source of pathogen spreading. However, the concentration and characteristics of CoNS in the bioaerosols of henhouses are unclear. Results In this study, we showed that CoNS were significantly increased in bioaerosols of henhouses during the first 60 days, and reached 2.0 × 106 CFU/m3, which account for 75.4% of total bacteria. One hundred and two CoNS isolates from bioaerosols and nasal swabs of farmers were further identified, covering seven species. Among these, 41.2% isolates were Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the predominant species, followed by S. equorum, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. arlettae and S. gallinarum. There were high rates of resistance to oxacillin in CoNS (49.0%), which were defined as Methicillin-Resistant CoNS (MRCoNS), and 36.3% isolates contained resistance gene mecA. Bioaerosol infection models showed that, chickens exposed to aerosolized S. sciuri had significant induction of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 at 5 days post-infection (dpi) in lungs and at 7 dpi in spleens. Conclusions We reported a high concentration of CoNS in henhouses, and S. sciuri was the preponderant CoNS species. Antibiotic resistance analysis and bioaerosols infection of CoNS further highlighted its hazards on resistance and immunological challenge. These results suggested that, CoNS in bioaerosols could be one serious factor in the henhouses for not only poultry industry but also public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Lu
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yiluo Cheng
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key laboratory of prevention and control agents for animal bacteriosis, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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20
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Muthuchamy M, Govindan R, Shine K, Thangasamy V, Alharbi NS, Thillaichidambaram M, Khaled JM, Wen JL, Alanzi KF. Anti-biofilm investigation of graphene/chitosan nanocomposites against biofilm producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115646. [PMID: 31887894 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study graphene/chitosan nanoparticles (GR/CS NCs) were developed. The homogenous combination of GR and CS was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The combination of CS with GR sheets reduced the XRD intensity of the GR peak in GR/CS NCs, while TEM images revealed the immobile CS coating of GR sheets. Further, the anti-biofilm activity of GR/CS NCs was tested. The tests showed that the formation of biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited at 40□g/mL GR/CS NCs up to 94 and 92 %, respectively. The intracellular and cell surface damage of the bacteria was observed by CLSM and SEM. Also, GR/CS NCs produced a toxic effect of 90 % on Artemia franciscana at 70□g/mL upon 24 h incubation. The recorded properties of the synthesized GR/CS NCs qualify them as potential agents against multi-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthupandy Muthuchamy
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rajivgandhi Govindan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Medical Microbiology & Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramani Thangasamy
- Medical Microbiology & Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeswaran Thillaichidambaram
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun-Li Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, PR China
| | - Khalid F Alanzi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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