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Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of ENPP1 and ADIPOQ on Insulin Resistance and Obesity: A Case-Control Study in a Javanese Population. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060552. [PMID: 34208364 PMCID: PMC8231196 DOI: 10.3390/life11060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity-related genes, such as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ), potentially increase the risk of insulin resistance, the most common metabolic dysregulation related to obesity. We investigated the association of ENPP1 SNP K121Q (rs1044498) with insulin resistance and ADIPOQ SNP + 267G > T (rs1501299) with circulating adiponectin levels in a case–control study involving 55 obese and 55 lean Javanese people residing in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Allele frequency was determined by a chi squared test or Fisher’s exact test with an expected value less than 0.05. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by regression logistic analysis. The presence of the Q121 allele of ENPP1 resulted in significantly higher fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, as compared to homozygous K121 carriers. The risk of insulin resistance was elevated in obese individuals carrying Q121 instead of homozygous K121. Adiponectin level was significantly lower in the obese group as compared to the lean group. Obese individuals carrying homozygous protective alleles (TT) of ADIPOQ tended to have lower adiponectin levels as compared to GT and GG carriers, however, we did not find statistically significant effects of the +276G > T SNP of the ADIPOQ gene on the plasma adiponectin levels or on the development of obesity.
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Zhu Y, Wan N, Shan X, Deng G, Xu Q, Ye H, Sun Y. Celastrol targets adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 to reduce macrophages-mediated inflammation and ameliorates high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1200-1212. [PMID: 34094828 PMCID: PMC8148064 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic disorder with unclear molecular mechanism. Increasing studies have found that the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic syndrome are closely related to inflammation. Here, we report celastrol, a traditional Chinese medicine, can improve high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome through suppressing resistin-induced inflammation. Mechanistically, celastrol binds to adenylyl cyclase associated protein 1 (CAP1) and inhibits the interaction between CAP1 and resistin, which restrains the cyclic adenylate monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA)-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and ameliorates high fat diet-induced murine metabolic syndrome. Knockdown of CAP1 in macrophages abrogated the resistin-mediated inflammatory activity. In contrast, overexpression of CAP1 in macrophages aggravated inflammation. Taken together, our study identifies celastrol, which directly targets CAP1 in macrophages, might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of inflammatory metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ning Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinni Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoliang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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