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Paulraj J, Pushparathna B, Maiti S, Sharma N, Shanmugam R. A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Compressive Strength of Ginger and Clove-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Cureus 2024; 16:e55964. [PMID: 38601383 PMCID: PMC11006281 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is widely recognized for its self-adhesive characteristics and biocompatibility, making it commonly used as a restorative material. However, challenges related to limited antibacterial effectiveness and relatively low mechanical properties have hindered its widespread clinical use. Clove and ginger are recognized for their potent antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogenic microorganisms. The present study aims to enhance the clinical applicability of GIC by modifying it with clove and ginger extract. Aim The objective of the study is to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness and compressive strength of GIC modified with ginger and clove extract. Materials and methods Ginger and clove extracts were prepared and incorporated into conventional GIC at three concentrations for each, creating ginger-modified GIC groups (Group A, Group B, and Group C) and clove-modified GIC groups (Group D, Group E, and Group F), with Group G as the control (conventional GIC without modification). The antimicrobial assessment was conducted on disc-shaped GIC specimens (3.0 mm height x 6.0 mm diameter) prepared using molds. Bacterial strains were used to evaluate antimicrobial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays conducted at intervals of one to four hours for both modified and unmodified groups. Compressive strength specimens were prepared using cylindrical molds (6.0 mm height × 4.0 mm diameter), according to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guidelines. The evaluation was conducted using a Zwick universal testing machine (ElectroPuls® E3000, Instron, Bangalore, India), with the highest force at the point of specimen fracture recorded to determine compressive strength. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) alongside Tukey's post hoc test, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.01. Results The antimicrobial effectiveness of clove and ginger-modified GIC was assessed through a MIC assay, revealing a statistically significant improvement in antimicrobial potency against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus within the modified groups compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Increased extract concentration correlated with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Clove-modified GIC exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to ginger extract. Compressive strength was higher in clove-modified GIC groups (p < 0.01), with Group F showing a maximum value of 175.88 MPa, while other modified groups demonstrated similar results to the control, with a value of 166.81 MPa (p > 0.01). Conclusion The study concludes that both clove-modified GIC and ginger-modified GIC exhibited antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. The antimicrobial activity was notably higher in clove-modified GIC compared to ginger-modified GIC. Additionally, the compressive strength of clove-modified GIC surpassed all other groups. Thus, clove-modified GIC emerges as a promising restorative material for addressing recurrent caries. Future investigation is necessary to assess the long-term durability of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Paulraj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Blessy Pushparathna
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Hamouda RA, Alharthi MA, Alotaibi AS, Alenzi AM, Albalawi DA, Makharita RR. Biogenic Nanoparticles Silver and Copper and Their Composites Derived from Marine Alga Ulva lactuca: Insight into the Characterizations, Antibacterial Activity, and Anti-Biofilm Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:6324. [PMID: 37687153 PMCID: PMC10489668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens cause pain and death, add significantly to the expense of healthcare globally, and pose a serious concern in many aspects of daily life. Additionally, they raise significant issues in other industries, including pharmaceuticals, clothing, and food packaging. Due to their unique properties, a great deal of attention has been given to biogenic metal nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and their applications against pathogenic bacteria. This study is focused on biogenic silver and copper nanoparticles and their composites (UL/Ag2 O-NPS, Ul/CuO-NPs, and Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs) produced by the marine green alga Ulva lactuca. The characterization of biogenic nanoparticles UL/Ag2 O-NPS and Ul/CuO-NPs and their composites Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs has been accomplished by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and the zeta potential. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) experiments were conducted to prove antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and anti-biofilm. The FTIR spectroscopy results indicate the exiting band at 1633 cm-1, which represents N-H stretching in nanocomposites, with a small shift in both copper and silver nanoparticles, which is responsible for the bio-reduction of nanoparticles. The TEM image reveals that the Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs were hexagonal, and the size distribution ranged from 10 to 35 nm. Meanwhile, Ul/CuO-NPs are rod-shaped, whereas UL/Ag2 O-NPS are spherical. The EDX analysis shows that Cu metal was present in a high weight percentage over Ag in the case of bio-Ag/Cu-NCMs. The X-ray diffraction denotes that Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs, UL/CuO-NPs, and UL/Ag2 O-NPS were crystalline. The results predicted by the zeta potential demonstrate that Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs were more stable than Ul/CuO-NPs. The antibacterial activity of UL/Ag2 O-NPS, Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs, and UL/CuO-NPs was studied against eleven Gram-negative and Gram-positive multidrug-resistant bacterial species. The maximum inhibition zones were obtained with UL/Ag2 O-NPS, followed by Ul/Ag/Cu-NCMs and Ul/CuO-NPs in all the tested bacteria. The maximum anti-biofilm percentage formed by E. coli KY856933 was obtained with UL/Ag2 O-NPS. These findings suggest that the synthesized nanoparticles might be a great alternative for use as an antibacterial agent against different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Mada A. Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amenah S. Alotaibi
- Genomic & Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Massad Alenzi
- Genomic & Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doha A. Albalawi
- Genomic & Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab R. Makharita
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Hamouda RA, Alharbi AA, Al-Tuwaijri MM, Makharita RR. The Antibacterial Activities and Characterizations of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, and Their Coated with Alginate Derived from Fucus vesiculosus. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102335. [PMID: 37242910 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have many advantages for nano-biotechnologists due to their intense biomedical applications. ZnO-NPs are used as antibacterial agents, which influence bacterial cells through the rupture of the cell membrane and the generation of reactive free radicals. Alginate is a polysaccharide of natural origin due to its excellent properties that are used in various biomedical applications. Brown algae are good sources of alginate and are used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of nanoparticles. This study aims to synthesize ZnO-NPs by using brown alga Fucus vesiculosus (Fu/ZnO-NPs) and also to extract alginate from the same alga, which is used in coating the ZnO-NPs (Fu/ZnO-Alg-NCMs). The characterizations of Fu/ZnO-NPs and Fu/ZnO-Alg-NCMs were determined by FTIR, TEM, XRD, and zeta potential. The antibacterial activities were applied against multidrug resistance bacteria of both gram-positive and negative. The results obtained in FT-TR showed there are some shifts in the peak positions of Fu/ZnO-NPs and Fu/ZnO-Alg-NCMs. The peak at 1655 cm-1, which assigned amide I-III, is present in both Fu/ZnO-NPs and Fu-Alg-ZnO-NCMs; this band is responsible for bio-reductions and stabilization of both nanoparticles. The TEM images proved the Fu/ZnO-NPs have rod shapes with sizes ranging from 12.68 to 17.66 and are aggregated, but Fu/ZnO/Alg-NCMs are spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 12.13 to 19.77. XRD-cleared Fu/ZnO-NPs have nine sharp peaks that are considered good crystalline, but Fu/ZnO-Alg-NCMs have four broad and sharp peaks that are considered semi-crystalline. Both Fu/ZnO-NPs and Fu/ZnO-Alg-NCMs have negative charges (-1.74 and -3.56, respectively). Fu/ZnO-NPs have more antibacterial activities than Fu/ZnO/Alg-NCMs in all tested multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Fu/ZnO/Alg-NCMs had no effect on Acinetobacter KY856930, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterobacter aerogenes, whereas there was an apparent effect of ZnO-NPs against the same strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Asrar A Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdah M Al-Tuwaijri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab R Makharita
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Antibacterial Activity of Ulva/Nanocellulose and Ulva/Ag/Cellulose Nanocomposites and Both Blended with Fluoride against Bacteria Causing Dental Decay. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041047. [PMID: 36850336 PMCID: PMC9961151 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent chronic infectious disorders is tooth decay. Acids produced when plaque bacteria break down sugar in the mouth cause tooth decay. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are the most prominent species related to dental caries. Innovative biocidal agents that integrate with a biomaterial to prevent bacterial colonization have shown remarkable promise as a result of the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this study, Ulva lactuca was used as a cellulose source and reducing agent to synthesize nanocellulose and Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites. The characterizations of nanocellulose and Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites were tested for FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD, and zeta potential. Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites and Ulva/nanocellulose, both blended with fluoride, were tested as an antibacterial against S. mutans ATCC 25175 and L. acidophilus CH-2. The results of the SEM proved that nanocellulose is filament-shaped, and FT-IR proved that the functional groups of Ulva/nanocellulose and Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites and cellulose are relatively similar but present some small diffusion in peaks. The TEM image demonstrated that the more piratical size distribution of Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites ranged from 15 to 20 nm, and Ulva/nanocellulose ranged from 10 to 15 nm. Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites have higher negativity than Ulva/nanocellulose. Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites and Ulva/nanocellulose possess antibacterial activity against S. mutans ATCC 25175 and L. acidophilus CH-2, but Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites are more effective, followed by that blended with fluoride. It is possible to use Ulva/Ag/cellulose/nanocomposites as an antimicrobial agent when added to toothpaste. It is promising to discover an economic and safe nanocomposite product from a natural source with an antimicrobial agent that might be used against tooth bacteria.
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Sari RD, Junaidi J, Fitria KT. Antibacterial Activity of Lemon Basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and Key Lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) Extract Combination on Streptococcus mutants. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lots of plants that are used in Southeast Asian and Indonesian cuisine have antibacterial properties.
AIM: This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum) and key lime (Citrus aurantifolia S.) extract combination on Streptococcus mutants’ inhibition.
METHODS: Lemon Basil and Key Lime were extracted and combined with several following concentration, respectively, (30–70%, 40–60%, 50–50%, 60–40%, and 70–30%). S. mutants were cultured using Brain-heart Infusion Broth overnight. The inhibition range from the extract combination was measured and analyzed.
RESULTS: All combinations except 60–40 showed significant effectivity against S. mutants compared to control (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests revealed that only the combination Lemon Basil-Key Lime 30–70% that has a significantly wider inhibition range compared to L50%-K50% (p = 0.034), L60%-K40% (p = 0.007), and L70%–K30% (p = 0.023).
CONCLUSION: Combination extract of Lemon Basil and Key lime has effectivity against oral micro bacteria, especially S. mutants.
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Lisbona-González MJ, Muñoz-Soto E, Lisbona-González C, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J. Effect of Propolis Paste and Mouthwash Formulation on Healing after Teeth Extraction in Periodontal Disease. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081603. [PMID: 34451647 PMCID: PMC8401982 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of a mouthwash containing propolis and the effect of a propolis paste formulation on dental healing after teeth extraction in patients with periodontal disease. In the mouthwash experience, the population comprised 40 patients, which were divided as follows: the control mouthwash, 0.2% chlorhexidine (v/v) mouthwash, 2% (w/v) propolis mouthwash, and propolis + chlorhexidine mouthwash. The study of the propolis paste comprised a population of 60 patients with periodontal disease, and a total of 120 symmetric tooth extractions were performed. Propolis showed antimicrobial activity by itself, and especially with the chlorhexidine association. Three days after surgery in the teeth treated with control paste, only 13.4% had completely healed; however, with propolis paste, in 90% of the periodontal sockets, healing was complete. In addition, a reduction in Streptococci mutans and Lactobacilli cfu was observed with propolis, and especially with the association of chlorhexidine + propolis. Propolis mouthwash reduced bacterial proliferation, especially in association with chlorhexidine. Propolis paste is a viable alternative for socket healing after dental extraction. The knowledge gained from these findings will provide a foundation for similar propolis therapies in order to improve the healing process after dental surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús Lisbona-González
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.J.L.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (C.L.-G.); (M.V.-R.)
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.J.L.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (C.L.-G.); (M.V.-R.)
| | - Cristina Lisbona-González
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.J.L.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (C.L.-G.); (M.V.-R.)
| | - Marta Vallecillo-Rivas
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.J.L.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (C.L.-G.); (M.V.-R.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.-C.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.D.-C.); (J.M.-F.)
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Darroudi M, Rangrazi A, Ghazvini K, Bagheri H, Boruziniat A. Antimicrobial Activity of Colloidal Selenium Nanoparticles in Chitosan Solution against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Does Curcumin Have an Anticaries Effect? A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:213-227. [PMID: 34331692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most important oral health problems and a common infectious microbial disease. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been regarded as the primary etiologic factor in the formation of dental caries. Curcumin (CUR) has an antibacterial action and could be used in the eradication of S. mutans to control dental caries. This systematic review was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the anticaries effect of CUR. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane - CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Based on the PICO model, studies which evaluated the anticaries effects of CUR up until 24 February 2020 with language restrictions were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS From 753 papers found, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included. In 12 out of 13 included studies, CUR had significant antibacterial and anticaries effects. CUR had inhibitory effects on S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity, biomass, viability and metabolism reduction of biofilm, reduced exopolysaccharide production of biofilms, changes in biofilm structure, and had anti-adhesion effects against S. mutans. CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests promising antibacterial and anticaries effects of CUR including inhibition of S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity. This review provides unique information regarding the potential role of CUR in the prevention and treatment of dental carries as a natural, accessible, safe, and inexpensive agent to increase oral and dental health. However, clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Yanakiev S. Effects of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum spp.) in Dentistry: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E4184. [PMID: 32932678 PMCID: PMC7571082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental medicine is one of the fields of medicine where the most common pathologies are of bacterial and fungal origins. This review is mainly focused on the antimicrobial effects of cinnamon essential oil (EO), cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds against different oral pathogens and the oral biofilm and the possible effects on soft mouth tissue. Basic information is provided about cinnamon, as is a review of its antimicrobial properties against the most common microorganisms causing dental caries, endodontic and periodontal lesions, and candidiasis. Cinnamon EO, cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds show significant antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and could be beneficial in caries and periodontal disease prevention, endodontics, and candidiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spartak Yanakiev
- Medical College Y. Filaretova, Medical University-Sofia, Yordanka Filaretova Street 3, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chen X, Daliri EBM, Kim N, Kim JR, Yoo D, Oh DH. Microbial Etiology and Prevention of Dental Caries: Exploiting Natural Products to Inhibit Cariogenic Biofilms. Pathogens 2020; 9:E569. [PMID: 32674310 PMCID: PMC7400585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common microbe-mediated oral diseases in human beings. At present, the accepted etiology of caries is based on a four-factor theory that includes oral microorganisms, oral environment, host, and time. Excessive exposure to dietary carbohydrates leads to the accumulation of acid-producing and acid-resistant microorganisms in the mouth. Dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Effective preventive methods include inhibiting the cariogenic microorganisms, treatment with an anti-biofilm agent, and sugar intake control. The goal is to reduce the total amount of biofilm or the levels of specific pathogens. Natural products could be recommended for preventing dental caries, since they may possess fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic antimicrobials. Herein, the mechanisms of oral microbial community development and functional specialization are discussed. We highlight the application of widely explored natural products in the last five years for their ability to inhibit cariogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Namhyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Jong-Rae Kim
- Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., LTD 44-20, Tongil-ro 1888 beon-gil, Munsan, Paju, Gyeonggi 10808, Korea;
| | - Daesang Yoo
- H-FOOD, 108-66, 390 gil, Jingun Oh Nam-Ro, Nam Yang, Ju-Shi, Gyung Gi-Do 12041, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
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