Nitric Oxide Gene Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy and Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and the risk of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in Yunnan province, China

BACKGROUND

Recurrent spontaneous abortion affects approximately 1-2% of reproductive-age women, with roughly half of RSA cases classified as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Genetic polymorphisms in eNOS gene have been shown to have significant implications across various disease processes. Nevertheless, the potential impact of eNOS gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to URSA in Yunnan population has yet to be explored or documented.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the potential association between specific variations in the eNOS gene (VNTR 4b/a, -786T > C, and +894G > T) and the risk of URSA in Yunnan population.

METHODS

A total of 243 URSA patients and 241 healthy females are involved in this study. We conducted amplification of the eNOS gene fragment and performed sanger sequencing to detect the specific eNOS gene polymorphisms, including VNTR 4b/a, -786T > C, and +894G > T. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we evaluate the potential association between eNOS gene polymorphisms (VNTR 4b/a, -786T > C, and +894G > T) and the risk of URSA. Furthermore, serum NO levels were measured in URSA patients.

RESULTS

The presence of VNTR 4a, -786C, and +894T alleles was found to be associated with an increased risk of URSA. Additionally, our study revealed a significant association between the G-C-4b haplotype of the investigated eNOS gene polymorphisms and a predisposition to URSA. Notably, these eNOS polymorphisms were shown to reduce serum NO levels in URSA patients.

CONCLUSION

This study provides evidence supporting the association between eNOS gene polymorphisms, VNTR 4b/a, -786T > C, and +894G > T, and the occurrence of URSA in Yunnan Province, China.

Assessment of serum nitric oxide level and its correlation with anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in diabetic patients: A hospital-based study from Tripura

Background

Endothelial dysfunction is a well-known finding in hyper-cholesterolaemic patients. Multiple factors including increased inactivation of nitric oxide by radicals and inhibition of nitric oxide formation by different mechanisms contribute to this.

Objectives

(i) To estimate serum nitric oxide (NO) levels among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects attending a tertiary care hospital of Tripura and (ii) to determine the correlation of serum nitric oxide with different anthropometric parameters and lipid profile among the study subjects.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted during June 2019 to May 2020 among 227 subjects. Anthropometric measurements like weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage were measured by using OMRON Body Composition Monitor (HBF 701). Serum NO levels were measured using standard NO colorimetric assay kit and HbA₁C and lipid profile were analyzed by using a Biochemical Autoanalyser. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 25.

Result

One hundred fifteen (115) diabetics were considered as test group whereas One hundred twelve (112) non-diabetic subjects were included as control. The mean serum level of NO in the diabetic group was 86.91 ± 14.13 mmoles/L whereas in the non-diabetic group it was 33.23 ± 12.90 mmoles/L which is statistically significant. Significant correlation is also found between serum NO level and different anthropometric parameters, namely, age, BMI and visceral fat percentage.

Conclusion

In this study, positive correlation is found between serum NO, BMI, and body visceral fat. As NO is considered as a potential biomarker for diabetic patients developing hypertension, BMI, and body visceral fat may be considered as a good prognostic parameter in future development of diabetic complications. While dealing with diabetic patients the family physicians should be aware of these two parameters and besides treating them, physicians should convince the diabetic patients to maintain ideal BMI and body visceral fat by following proper life style.

Roles of H2S and NO in regulating the antioxidant system of Vibrio alginolyticus under norfloxacin stress

Antioxidant system is of great importance for organisms to regulate the level of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the environmental stresses including antibiotics stress. Effects of norfloxacin (NOR) on cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and antioxidant enzymes were investigated, and interaction between NO and H₂S and their regulation on the antioxidant system of Vibrio alginolyticus under NOR were determined as well in the present study. After treated with 2 µg/mL NOR (1/2 MIC), CBS content, H₂S and NO contents decreased while H₂O₂ accumulation and the antioxidant-related genes mRNA level increased. Additionally, the endogenous H₂S content in V. alginolyticus was increased by the exogenous NO, while H₂O₂ accumulation and the relative expression level of SOD (Superoxide dismutase gene) decreased under exogenous NO or H₂S. And the content of endogenous NO and NOS in V. alginolyticus increased under the exogenous H₂S as well. Taken together, these results showed that anti-oxidative ability in V. alginolyticus was respectively enhanced by the gas molecules of H₂S and NO under NOR-induced stress, and there may be a crosstalk regulative mechanism between H₂S and NO. These results lay a foundation for the research of regulation network of H₂S and NO, and provide a hint to synthesize anti-vibrio drugs in the future.

Ramipril Increases Adma Concentration in Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats Induced by Isoproterenol

In experimental animals, the induction of isoproterenol which is a synthetic of catecholamine, can cause acute myocardial infarction where the pathophysiology and morphology are the same as myocardial infarction in humans. Isoproterenol induction will increase oxidative stress, which will damage the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), thus causing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels to increase in circulation. Increased levels of ADMA will inhibit the activity of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which results in decreased nitric oxide resulting in endothelial damage. This study aims to determine the effect of Ramipril on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain with acute myocardial infarction. Eighteen male Wistar rats (150-250 g) were randomly allocated into three groups: negative control group, positive control, and treatment group. The treatment group was pretreated with Ramipril at dose 3 mg/kg BW orally for seven days. Acute myocardial infarction was induced in positive control groups and treatment groups by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg BW) for two consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, rats from all groups were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood sample collection to evaluate the level of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine with Enzym-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The result showed that ADMA levels were increased in the treatment group after pretreated with Ramipril. This study concluded that pretreatment with Ramipril increased ADMA concentration in acute myocardial infarction rats induced by isoproterenol.

[Association of AGT, ACE, NOS3, TNF, MMP9, CYBA polymorphism with subclinical arterial wall changes]

Aim    Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, decreased nitric oxide production, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress result in subclinical changes in the arterial wall, which favor the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of allelic gene variants that encode the proteins participating in pathogenetic pathways of age-associated diseases with subclinical changes in the arterial wall [increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), increased intima-media thickness, endothelial dysfunction (ED), presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP)] are understudied. This study analyzed the relationship between AGT, ACE, NOS3 TNF, MMP9, and CYBA gene polymorphism and the presence of subclinical changes in the arterial wall, including the dependence on risk factors for CVD, in arbitrarily healthy people of various age.Material and methods    The relationship of polymorphisms с.521С>Т of AGT gene, Ins>Del of AСE gene, с.894G>T of NOS3 gene, - 238G>A of TNF gene, - 1562С>T of MMP9 gene, and c.214Т>С of CYBA gene with indexes of changes in the arterial wall and risk factors for CVD was studied in 160 arbitrarily healthy people by building models of multiple logistic regression and also by analyzing frequencies of co-emergence of two signs with the Pearson chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher exact test.Results    The DD-genotype of Ins>Del ACE gene polymorphism was correlated with increased PWV (p=0.006; odds ratio (OR) =3.41, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.48-8.67) and ED (p=0.014; OR=2.60, 95 % CI: 1.22-5.68). The GG genotype of с.894G>T NOS3 gene polymorphism was correlated with ED (p=0.0087; OR=2.65, 95 % CI: 1.26-5.72); the ТТ-genotype of с.894G>T NOS3 gene polymorphism was correlated with ASP (p=0.033; OR=0.034, 95 % CI: 0.001-0.549).Conclusion    Polymorphic variants of AСE and NOS3 genes correlated with ED, increased arterial wall stiffness, and the presence of subclinical changes in the arterial wall.