Epidemiological Trends of Rheumatoid Arthritis and PADI4, PTPN22, and HLA-DRB9 Genes Distribution in the Kazakhstan Population

Genetic variations in PADI4 and CCR6: a comprehensive meta-analysis on rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune condition that causes damage and inflammation to the joints. Genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the PADI4 and CCR6 genes, contribute significantly to RA susceptibility.

Methods

To find research on RA, PADI4, CCR6, gene polymorphisms, and SNPs, we performed a meta-analysis using PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria comprised case–control studies providing genotypic data and allele frequencies. Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct statistical analysis and evaluate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Heterogeneity analyses of CCR6 rs3093024 showed no significant associations across genetic models: allele (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.36–1.32]), homozygous (OR = 2.18, 95%CI [0.58–8.22]), heterozygous (OR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.31–1.16]), dominant (OR = 1.60, 95% CI [0.64–3.95]), and recessive (OR = 1.79, 95% CI [0.75–4.27]). Similarly, PADI4 rs1748033 and rs2240340 showed insignificant associations across all genetic models.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis identifies a substantial relationship between CCR6 rs3093024 and RA susceptibility in Asian populations. However, heterogeneity analyses indicate inconsistent associations for PADI4 rs1748033 and rs2240340 across different populations and genetic models, suggesting varied genetic influences. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these results and investigate the complex genetic and environmental interactions underlying RA pathogenesis.

Association Study of Anticitrullinated Peptide Antibody Status with Clinical Manifestations and SNPs in Patients Affected with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study

Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that leads to disability due to articular and extra-articular damage. RA prevalence is variable. The disease is most common among females with a 3 : 1 ratio. The interaction of environmental and host factors contributes to RA development. Currently, the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) give the opportunity to uncover the RA genetic background. Anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) is a highly specific RA antibody, associated with poor prognosis and severe course of RA, and regulated by numerous genes. Our study is aimed at investigating whether there are any clinical and genetic aspects correlate with ACPA presence in Kazakhstani patients with RA. Indeed, the available studies on this subject are focused on Caucasian and East Asian populations (mainly Japanese and Chinese), and there are scarce data from Central Asia. Methods. Our study included 70 RA patients. Patients’ blood samples were collected and genotyped for 14 SNPs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). General examination, anamnestic, and clinical and laboratory data collection were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistics. Results and Conclusion. Our study revealed a significant association of ACPA positivity with Fc receptor-like 3 (FCRL3) and ACPA negativity with signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) genes, but not with T cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein (TAGAP). In addition, ACPA positivity was associated with radiographic progression, rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), age of RA onset, the patient global assessment, body mass index (BMI), and Gamma globulin. Conclusion. Remained 11 earlier identified significantly associated in Caucasian and Asian population SNPs were not replicated in our cohort. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to confirm our findings with higher confidence levels and stronger statistical power.