The First Record of Zoonotic Genes of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among Human, Dogs, and Sandflies by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and Phylogenetic Analyses

First report of Leishmania tropica in domestic and wild animal hosts in hyperendemic areas of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Yemen: a neglected tropical disease needing One Health approach

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a neglected tropical disease, is a major public health concern in Yemen, with Leishmania tropica identified as the main causative agent. This study aims to investigate the occurrence and distribution of Leishmania parasites in domestic and wild animals in CL endemic areas in the western highlands of Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Utmah District of western Yemen. Blood and skin scraping specimens were collected from 122 domestic and wild animals and tested for the Leishmania DNA using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) nested polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on 20 L. tropica sequences obtained from animals in this study and 34 sequences from human isolates (collected concurrently from the same study area) retrieved from the GenBank. Overall, L. tropica was detected in 16.4% (20/122) of the examined animals, including 11 goats, two dogs, two bulls, one cow, one donkey, one rabbit, one rat and one bat. None of the examined cats and sheep was positive. The animal sequences were segregated into four different L. tropica haplotypes, with the majority of the animal (15/20) and human (32/34) sequences composed of one dominant haplotype/genotype. These findings represent the first confirmed evidence of natural L. tropica infections in different kinds of domestic and wild animals in western Yemen, suggesting these animals potentially have a role in the transmission of CL in Yemen. Therefore, a One Health approach is required for the effective prevention and control of this devastating disease among endemic populations.

The Parasitism and Tumors Carcinogenesis: A Review Subject

BACKGROUND

Multi-factorial reasons are an induction to cause cancer. Different infections and infestations with viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been detected for many years to be related to human carcinogenesis.

PURPOSE

The study aimed to review all ideas of tumor carcinogenesis and its associations with parasitic infections and infestations.

METHODS

We reviewed several articles (published and imprinted) by selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data about the relationship between cancers and parasites.

RESULTS

Several helminths infections as schistosomiasis, are highly carcinogenic agents for bladder cancer, whereas trypanosomiasis has a bi-model role in cancer development. Leishmaniasis may be a cause of hepatocarcinoma, skin cancer, and lymphomas. In addition, malaria appears to be causative in the carcinogenesis of some cancers; as Burkitt lymphoma. Also, data from previous studies suggested that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in lymphomas.

CONCLUSION

There are different mechanisms of parasitic infection to be enhancing in carcinogenesis of cancer in human.

A case of a verrucous and pseudotumoral mass on the leg that resolved with cryotherapy

Various clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be encountered such as: ulcerated, lupoïd, sporotrichoïd and other rare forms (eczematiform, erysipeloid, psoriasiform, verrucous, and pseudotumoral). We report an atypical presentation of verrucous and pseudotumoral cutaneous leishmaniasis that resolved following a course of cryotherapy.