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Laturski AE, Gaffen JR, Demay-Drouhard P, Caputo CB, Baumgartner T. Probing the Impact of Solvent on the Strength of Lewis Acids via Fluorescent Lewis Adducts. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:49-56. [PMID: 37025975 PMCID: PMC10069026 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.2c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been developed to measure the strength of a Lewis acid. A major challenge for these measurements lies in the complexity that arises from variable solvent interactions and perturbations of Lewis acids as their reaction environment changes. Herein, we investigate the impact of solvent effects on Lewis acids for the first time as measured by the fluorescent Lewis adduct (FLA) method. The binding of a Lewis acid in various solvents reveals a measurable dichotomy between both polarity and donor ability of the solvent. While not strictly separable, we observe that the influence of solvent polarity on Lewis acid unit (LAU) values is distinctly opposite to the influence of donor ability. This dichotomy was confirmed by titration data, illustrating that solvation effects can be appropriately and precisely gauged by the FLA method.
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2
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Riehl PS, Richardson AD, Sakamoto T, Reid JP, Schindler CS. Origin of enantioselectivity reversal in Lewis acid-catalysed Michael additions relying on the same chiral source. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14133-14142. [PMID: 34760198 PMCID: PMC8565382 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantiodivergence is an important concept in asymmetric catalysis that enables access to both enantiomers of a product relying on the same chiral source as reagent. This strategy is particularly appealing as an alternate approach when only one enantiomer of the required chiral ligand is readily accessible but both enantiomers of the product are desired. Despite the potential significance, general catalytic methods to effectively reverse enantioselectivity by changing an achiral reaction parameter remain underdeveloped. Herein we report our studies focused on elucidating the origin of metal-controlled enantioselectivity reversal in Lewis acid-catalysed Michael additions. Rigorous experimental and computational investigations reveal that specific Lewis and Brønsted acid interactions between the substrate and ligand change depending on the ionic radius of the metal catalyst, and are key factors responsible for the observed enantiodivergence. This holds potential to further our understanding of and facilitate the design of future enantiodivergent transformations. Enantiodivergence is an important concept in asymmetric catalysis that enables access to both enantiomers of a product relying on the same chiral source as reagent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Riehl
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Alistair D Richardson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Tatsuhiro Sakamoto
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
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3
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Becker MR, Reid JP, Rykaczewski KA, Schindler CS. Models for Understanding Divergent Reactivity in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Transformations of Carbonyls and Olefins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R. Becker
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jolene P. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katie A. Rykaczewski
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Hechelski M, Ghinet A, Louvel B, Dufrénoy P, Rigo B, Daïch A, Waterlot C. From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco-Friendly Plant-Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1249-1277. [PMID: 29405590 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of green chemistry began in the USA in the 1990s. Since the publication of the 12 principles of this concept, many reactions in organic chemistry have been developed, and chemical products have been synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions. Lewis acid mediated synthetic transformations are by far the most numerous and best studied. However, the use of certain Lewis acids may cause risks to environmental and human health. This Review discusses the evolution of Lewis acid catalyzed reactions from a homogeneous liquid phase to the solid phase to yield the expected organic molecules under green, safe conditions. In particular, recent developments and applications of biosourced catalysts from plants are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hechelski
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Faculté de médecine-Pôle recherche, Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Brice Louvel
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierrick Dufrénoy
- Faculté de médecine-Pôle recherche, Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, BP: 1123, EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR ST, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, F-, 76063, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Faculté de médecine-Pôle recherche, Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Place Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 13 rue de Toul, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM, 76600, Le Havre, BP: 1123, EA 3221, INC3M CNRS-FR 3038, UFR ST, 25 rue Philipe Lebon, F-, 76063, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géoEnvironnement (LGCgE), Yncrea Hauts-de-France, 48 boulevard Vauban, 59046, Lille Cedex, France
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5
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Tabora JE, Domagalski N. Multivariate Analysis and Statistics in Pharmaceutical Process Research and Development. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2017; 8:403-426. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of statistics in pharmaceutical process research and development has evolved significantly over the past decades, motivated in part by the introduction of the Quality by Design paradigm, a landmark change in regulatory expectations for the level of scientific understanding associated with the manufacturing process. Today, statistical methods are increasingly applied to accelerate the characterization and optimization of new drugs created via numerous unit operations well known to the chemical engineering discipline. We offer here a review of the maturity in the implementation of design of experiment techniques, the increased incorporation of latent variable methods in process and material characterization, and the adoption of Bayesian methodology for process risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José E. Tabora
- Chemical & Synthetics Development, Pharmaceutical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901;,
| | - Nathan Domagalski
- Chemical & Synthetics Development, Pharmaceutical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901;,
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Paternò A, Bocci G, Cruciani G, Fortuna CG, Goracci L, Sciré S, Musumarra G. Cyto- and enzyme toxicities of ionic liquids modelled on the basis of VolSurf+ descriptors and their principal properties. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:221-244. [PMID: 30950653 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1156571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five in silico principal properties (PPs) for 218 heterocyclic cations and four PPs for 38 organic and inorganic anionic counterparts of ionic liquids (ILs) were derived by the VolSurf+ approach. VolSurf+ physicochemical descriptors take into account several cationic structural features of ILs such as heterocyclic aromatic and non-aromatic cationic cores, alkyl chain length, presence of oxygen atoms in the substituents as well as the properties of a wide variety of inorganic and organic anions. Combination of these cation and anion PPs can provide descriptors for over 8000 ILs, thus allowing the development of QSPR models for IL cytotoxicity (IPC-81 rat cell line) and enzyme toxicity (acetylcholinesterase inhibition). The adoption of a Partial Least Squares approach, relating PPs and toxicities, provided affordable predictions for ILs in both learning and external validation sets, implying the possibility to extend the predictive model to a set of 520 ILs. This allows us to establish priorities in selecting ILs for experimental hazard assessment as required by the REACH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paternò
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Bocci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - G Cruciani
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - C G Fortuna
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - L Goracci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - S Sciré
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Musumarra
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
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7
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Dunetz JR, Magano J, Weisenburger GA. Large-Scale Applications of Amide Coupling Reagents for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/op500305s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process
Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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8
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Murray PM, Tyler SNG, Moseley JD. Beyond the Numbers: Charting Chemical Reaction Space. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op300275p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Murray
- CatScI Ltd., CBTC2, Capital
Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N. G. Tyler
- CatScI Ltd., CBTC2, Capital
Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Moseley
- CatScI Ltd., CBTC2, Capital
Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, United Kingdom
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9
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Mylavarapu RK, GCM K, Kolla N, Veeramalla R, Koilkonda P, Bhattacharya A, Bandichhor R. Boric Acid Catalyzed Amidation in the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op700098w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Mylavarapu
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Kondaiah GCM
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Naveenkumar Kolla
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Raju Veeramalla
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Purandhar Koilkonda
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Apurba Bhattacharya
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- Center of Excellence, Research and Development, IPD, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram, Medak Dist, 502 625, India
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10
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Koizumi T, Mochizuki E, Kokubo K, Oshima T. Mechanism of Novel Consecutive Rearrangements of Cyclobutene-Fused Diphenylhomobenzoquinones Catalyzed by Lewis Acids. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4577-85. [PMID: 15230578 DOI: 10.1021/jo035830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangements of highly strained [2 + 2] photoadducts 1a-d of diphenylhomobenzoquinone with various acetylenes were investigated under the influence of AlCl(3), SnCl(4), BF(3), and TiCl(4). With the relief of steric strain, these tricyclo[5.2.0.0(3,5)]non-8-ene-2,6-diones underwent the three steps of consecutive skeletal transformations. The first step was the two-way cyclobutene ring-cleavage reaction with a Wagner-Meerwein vinyl migration to either Lewis acid activated carbonyl function. This process virtually occurred under the anchimeric assistance of the endo-phenyl ring to give, after proton transfer, the phenylene-bridged tetracyclic keto alcohols 2 and 3, respectively. The next step was the acid-induced cyclopropane ring cleavage of only 3 to lead to bicyclic diones 4 via a following stereoselective proton transfer. The last one involved a Michael-type intramolecular cyclization of 4 accompanied by a proton transfer to afford thermodynamically less stable tricyclic diones 5alpha which epimerized to 5beta only by TiCl(4). The factors that control the selectivity and the reactivity of these tandem reactions were addressed on the basis of the X-ray crystal analyses as well as the PM3 calculations. It was found the present Lewis acid-catalyzed rearrangements were very dependent on the substituents of 1a-d and the nature of the Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Koizumi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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11
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Branch CS, Bott SG, Barron AR. Group 13 trihalide complexes of 9-fluorenone: a comparison of methods for assigning relative Lewis acidity. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)02029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Hormi OE, Moilanen AM. Experimental studies of lewis acid catalyzed additions of long chained alcohols to activated 1,4-benzoquinone. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Zakarya D, Rayadh A, Samih M, Lakhlifi T. Substituent effect on the chemical behaviour of some α-halogenated ketones and aldehydes with 1-ethoxy-3-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)85216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Substituent effect on the chemical behaviour of some carbonyl compounds and ketals with 1-ethoxy-3-trimethylsilylprop-1-yne. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)85065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Caruso L, Musumarra G, Katritzky AR. âClassicalâ and âMagneticâ Aromaticities as new Descriptors for Heteroaromatics in QSAR. Part 3 [1]. Principal Properties for Heteroaromatics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.19930120206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Skagerberg B, Bonelli D, Clementi S, Cruciani G, Ebert C. Principal Properties for Aromatic Substituents. A Multivariate Approach for Design in QSAR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.19890080105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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