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Andersson S, Sundberg M, Pristovsek N, Ibrahim A, Jonsson P, Katona B, Clausson CM, Zieba A, Ramström M, Söderberg O, Williams C, Asplund A. Insufficient antibody validation challenges oestrogen receptor beta research. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28643774 PMCID: PMC5501969 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of oestrogen receptor β (ERβ/ESR2) was a landmark discovery. Its reported expression and homology with breast cancer pharmacological target ERα (ESR1) raised hopes for improved endocrine therapies. After 20 years of intense research, this has not materialized. We here perform a rigorous validation of 13 anti-ERβ antibodies, using well-characterized controls and a panel of validation methods. We conclude that only one antibody, the rarely used monoclonal PPZ0506, specifically targets ERβ in immunohistochemistry. Applying this antibody for protein expression profiling in 44 normal and 21 malignant human tissues, we detect ERβ protein in testis, ovary, lymphoid cells, granulosa cell tumours, and a subset of malignant melanoma and thyroid cancers. We do not find evidence of expression in normal or cancerous human breast. This expression pattern aligns well with RNA-seq data, but contradicts a multitude of studies. Our study highlights how inadequately validated antibodies can lead an exciting field astray. A large body of work into the role of oestrogen receptor b (ERb) in breast cancer is contradictory, hindering future progress. Here the authors conduct extensive validation of anti-ERb antibodies , and show that normal and cancerous breast tissue do not express ERb, consistent with RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andersson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Sundberg
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nusa Pristovsek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Division of Proteomics and Nanotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden.,Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Philip Jonsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Borbala Katona
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Magnus Clausson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agata Zieba
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Division of Proteomics and Nanotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Asplund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Lee J, Kim HC, Hong JY, Wang K, Kim SY, Jang J, Kim ST, Park JO, Lim HY, Kang WK, Park YS, Lee J, Lee WY, Park YA, Huh JW, Yun SH, Do IG, Kim SH, Balasubramanian S, Stephens PJ, Ross JS, Li GG, Hornby Z, Ali SM, Miller VA, Kim KM, Ou SHI. Detection of novel and potentially actionable anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in colorectal adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry screening. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24320-32. [PMID: 26172300 PMCID: PMC4695188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement has been detected in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using advanced molecular diagnostics tests including exon scanning, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing (NGS). We investigated if immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be used to detect ALK rearrangement in gastrointestinal malignancies. Experimental designs Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from consecutive gastric carcinoma (GC) and CRC patients who underwent surgical resection at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea were screened by IHC using ALK monoclonal antibody 5A4. IHC positive cases were confirmed by FISH, nCounter assays, and NGS-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). ALK IHC was further applied to CRC patients enrolled in a pathway-directed therapeutic trial. Results Four hundred thirty-two GC and 172 CRC cases were screened by IHC. No GC sample was ALK IHC positive. One CRC (0.6%) was ALK IHC positive (3+) that was confirmed by ALK FISH and a novel CAD-ALK (C35; A20) fusion variant that resulted from a paracentric inversion event inv(2)(p22–21p23) was identified by CGP. One out of 50 CRC patients enrolled in a pathway-directed therapeutic trial was ALK IHC positive (3+) confirmed by ALK FISH and found to harbor the EML4-ALK (E21, A20) fusion variant by CGP. Growth of a tumor cell line derived from this EML4-ALK CRC patient was inhibited by ALK inhibitors crizotinib and entrectinib. Conclusions ALK IHC is a viable screening strategy for identifying ALK rearrangement in CRC. ALK rearrangement is a potential actionable driver mutation in CRC based on survival inhibition of patient tumor-derived cell line by potent ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wook Huh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Yun
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Innovative Cancer Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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Siraj AK, Beg S, Jehan Z, Prabhakaran S, Ahmed M, R Hussain A, Al-Dayel F, Tulbah A, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. ALK alteration is a frequent event in aggressive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:127. [PMID: 26384210 PMCID: PMC4588266 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide and, despite improvements in treatment modalities, there are increased chances of recurrence and metastasis in a substantial number of cases and it remains one of the major causes of mortality among female cancer patients. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene has been found to be altered in several solid and hematologic tumors. We aimed to comprehensively study the prevalence of ALK expression, and changes in copy number and translocation in a large cohort of breast cancer cases in a Middle Eastern population. METHODS ALK protein expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and numerical and structural variations of the ALK gene were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a tissue microarray format in a cohort of more than 1000 Middle Eastern breast cancers. The data were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and other important molecular biomarkers. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed ALK overexpression in 36.0 % of the breast cancer patients and gene amplification was present in 13.3 % of cases, seen by FISH analyses. ALK overexpression was significantly associated with ALK gene amplification (p = 0.0031). ALK-overexpressing tumors showed significant association with high-grade tumors (p = 0.0039), ductal histologic subtype (p = 0.0076), triple-negative phenotype (p = 0.0034), and high Ki-67 (p = 0.0001) and p-AKT (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical analysis showed ALK is overexpressed in a substantial proportion of breast cancers and possibly plays a significant role in the aggressive behavior of this cancer. Gene amplification is hypothesized to be a possible cause for a significant proportion of this overexpression. Based on these findings, a potential role for an ALK inhibitor, as a therapeutic agent targeting aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaham Beg
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeenath Jehan
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maqbool Ahmed
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azhar R Hussain
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah Branch Road, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pathology, Al-Faisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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