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Kawahara N, Yamada Y, Kobayashi H. CCNE1 Is a Putative Therapeutic Target for ARID1A-Mutated Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115869. [PMID: 34070839 PMCID: PMC8198755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is resistant to platinum chemotherapy and is characterized by poor prognosis. Today, the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, which is based on synthetic lethality strategy and characterized by cancer selectivity, is widely used for new types of molecular-targeted treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. However, it is less effective against OCCC. Methods: We conducted siRNA screening to identify synthetic lethal candidates for the ARID1A mutation; as a result, we identified Cyclin-E1 (CCNE1) as a potential target that affects cell viability. To further clarify the effects of CCNE1, human OCCC cell lines, namely TOV-21G and KOC7c (ARID1A mutant lines), and RMG-I and ES2 (ARID1A wild type lines) were transfected with siRNA targeting CCNE1 or a control vector. Results: Loss of CCNE1 reduced proliferation of the TOV-21G and KOC7c cells but not of the RMG-I and ES2 cells. Furthermore, in vivo interference of CCNE1 effectively inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: This study showed for the first time that CCNE1 is a synthetic lethal target gene to ARID1A-mutated OCCC. Targeting this gene may represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8877; Fax: +81-(744)-23-6557
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2
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Covell DG. Bioinformatic analysis linking genomic defects to chemosensitivity and mechanism of action. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243336. [PMID: 33909629 PMCID: PMC8081165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A joint analysis of the NCI60 small molecule screening data, their genetically defective genes, and mechanisms of action (MOA) of FDA approved cancer drugs screened in the NCI60 is proposed for identifying links between chemosensitivity, genomic defects and MOA. Self-Organizing-Maps (SOMs) are used to organize the chemosensitivity data. Student's t-tests are used to identify SOM clusters with enhanced chemosensitivity for tumor cell lines with versus without genetically defective genes. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests are used to reveal instances where defective gene to chemosensitivity associations have enriched MOAs. The results of this analysis find a relatively small set of defective genes, inclusive of ABL1, AXL, BRAF, CDC25A, CDKN2A, IGF1R, KRAS, MECOM, MMP1, MYC, NOTCH1, NRAS, PIK3CG, PTK2, RPTOR, SPTBN1, STAT2, TNKS and ZHX2, as possible candidates for roles in chemosensitivity for compound MOAs that target primarily, but not exclusively, kinases, nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, apoptosis and tubulin. These results find exploitable instances of enhanced chemosensitivity of compound MOA's for selected defective genes. Collectively these findings will advance the interpretation of pre-clinical screening data as well as contribute towards the goals of cancer drug discovery, development decision making, and explanation of drug mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Covell
- Information Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
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Bahar E, Kim JY, Kim DC, Kim HS, Yoon H. Combination of Niraparib, Cisplatin and Twist Knockdown in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Potentially Enhances Synthetic Lethality through ER-Stress Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083916. [PMID: 33920140 PMCID: PMC8070209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors (PARPi) are used to treat recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) patients due to greater survival benefits and minimal side effects, especially in those patients with complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, acquired resistance of platinum-based chemotherapy leads to the limited efficacy of PARPi monotherapy in most patients. Twist is recognized as a possible oncogene and contributes to acquired cisplatin resistance in OC cells. In this study, we show how Twist knockdown cisplatin-resistant (CisR) OC cells blocked DNA damage response (DDR) to sensitize these cells to a concurrent treatment of cisplatin as a platinum-based chemotherapy agent and niraparib as a PARPi on in vitro two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. To investigate the lethality of PARPi and cisplatin on Twist knockdown CisR OC cells, two CisR cell lines (OV90 and SKOV3) were established using step-wise dose escalation method. In addition, in vitro 3D spheroidal cell model was generated using modified hanging drop and hydrogel scaffolds techniques on poly-2-hydroxylethly methacrylate (poly-HEMA) coated plates. Twist expression was strongly correlated with the expression of DDR proteins, PARP1 and XRCC1 and overexpression of both proteins was associated with cisplatin resistance in OC cells. Moreover, combination of cisplatin (Cis) and niraparib (Nira) produced lethality on Twist-knockdown CisR OC cells, according to combination index (CI). We found that Cis alone, Nira alone, or a combination of Cis+Nira therapy increased cell death by suppressing DDR proteins in 2D monolayer cell culture. Notably, the combination of Nira and Cis was considerably effective against 3D-cultures of Twist knockdown CisR OC cells in which Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is upregulated, leading to initiation of mitochondrial-mediated cell death. In addition, immunohistochemically, Cis alone, Nira alone or Cis+Nira showed lower ki-67 (cell proliferative marker) expression and higher cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic marker) immuno-reactivity. Hence, lethality of PARPi with the combination of Cis on Twist knockdown CisR OC cells may provide an effective way to expand the therapeutic potential to overcome platinum-based chemotherapy resistance and PARPi cross resistance in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entaz Bahar
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea;
| | - Dong-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1243 (H.-S.K.); +82-55-772-2422 (H.Y.)
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-S.K.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1243 (H.-S.K.); +82-55-772-2422 (H.Y.)
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4
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PARP Inhibition Increases the Reliance on ATR/CHK1 Checkpoint Signaling Leading to Synthetic Lethality-An Alternative Treatment Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Independent from HR Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249715. [PMID: 33352723 PMCID: PMC7766831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi, olaparib) impairs the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), resulting in double-strand breaks (DSBs) that cannot be repaired efficiently in homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cancers such as BRCA1/2-mutant cancers, leading to synthetic lethality. Despite the efficacy of olaparib in the treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient tumors, PARPi resistance is common. We hypothesized that the combination of olaparib with anticancer agents that disrupt HRR by targeting ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) may be an effective strategy to reverse ovarian cancer resistance to olaparib. Here, we evaluated the effect of olaparib, the ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and the CHK1 inhibitor MK8776 alone and in combination on cell survival, colony formation, replication stress response (RSR) protein expression, DNA damage, and apoptotic changes in BRCA2 mutated (PEO-1) and HRR-proficient BRCA wild-type (SKOV-3 and OV-90) cells. Combined treatment caused the accumulation of DNA DSBs. PARP expression was associated with sensitivity to olaparib or inhibitors of RSR. Synergistic effects were weaker when olaparib was combined with CHK1i and occurred regardless of the BRCA2 status of tumor cells. Because PARPi increases the reliance on ATR/CHK1 for genome stability, the combination of PARPi with ATR inhibition suppressed ovarian cancer cell growth independently of the efficacy of HRR. The present results were obtained at sub-lethal doses, suggesting the potential of these inhibitors as monotherapy as well as in combination with olaparib.
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5
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Perini V, Schacke M, Liddle P, Vilchez-Larrea S, Keszenman DJ, Lafon-Hughes L. PARP Inhibitor Olaparib Causes No Potentiation of the Bleomycin Effect in VERO Cells, Even in the Presence of Pooled ATM, DNA-PK, and LigIV Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8288. [PMID: 33167404 PMCID: PMC7663819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase (PARP) synthesizes poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which is anchored to proteins. PAR facilitates multiprotein complexes' assembly. Nuclear PAR affects chromatin's structure and functions, including transcriptional regulation. In response to stress, particularly genotoxic stress, PARP activation facilitates DNA damage repair. The PARP inhibitor Olaparib (OLA) displays synthetic lethality with mutated homologous recombination proteins (BRCA-1/2), base excision repair proteins (XRCC1, Polβ), and canonical nonhomologous end joining (LigIV). However, the limits of synthetic lethality are not clear. On one hand, it is unknown whether any limiting factor of homologous recombination can be a synthetic PARP lethality partner. On the other hand, some BRCA-mutated patients are not responsive to OLA for still unknown reasons. In an effort to help delineate the boundaries of synthetic lethality, we have induced DNA damage in VERO cells with the radiomimetic chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin (BLEO). A VERO subpopulation was resistant to BLEO, BLEO + OLA, and BLEO + OLA + ATM inhibitor KU55933 + DNA-PK inhibitor KU-0060648 + LigIV inhibitor SCR7 pyrazine. Regarding the mechanism(s) behind the resistance and lack of synthetic lethality, some hypotheses have been discarded and alternative hypotheses are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Departamento de Genética, Montevideo 11.600, Uruguay; (V.P.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Michelle Schacke
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Departamento de Genética, Montevideo 11.600, Uruguay; (V.P.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pablo Liddle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Departamento de Genética, Montevideo 11.600, Uruguay; (V.P.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Salomé Vilchez-Larrea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Deborah J. Keszenman
- Laboratorio de Radiobiología Médica y Ambiental, Grupo de Biofisicoquímica, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Salto 50.000, Uruguay
| | - Laura Lafon-Hughes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Departamento de Genética, Montevideo 11.600, Uruguay; (V.P.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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6
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Karche NP, Bhonde M, Sinha N, Jana G, Kukreja G, Kurhade SP, Jagdale AR, Tilekar AR, Hajare AK, Jadhav GR, Gupta NR, Limaye R, Khedkar N, Thube BR, Shaikh JS, Rao Irlapati N, Phukan S, Gole G, Bommakanti A, Khanwalkar H, Pawar Y, Kale R, Kumar R, Gupta R, Praveen Kumar VR, Wahid S, Francis A, Bhat T, Kamble N, Patil V, Nigade PB, Modi D, Pawar S, Naidu S, Volam H, Pagdala V, Mallurwar S, Goyal H, Bora P, Ahirrao P, Singh M, Kamalakannan P, Naik KR, Kumar P, Powar RG, Shankar RB, Bernstein PR, Gundu J, Nemmani K, Narasimham L, George KS, Sharma S, Bakhle D, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of isoquinolinone and naphthyridinone-based inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) as anticancer agents: Structure activity relationship and preclinical characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115819. [PMID: 33120078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of GLU988 and LYS903 residues in PARP1 as targets to design isoquinolinone (I & II) and naphthyridinone (III) analogues is described. Compounds of structure I have good biochemical and cellular potency but suffered from inferior PK. Constraining the linear propylene linker of structure I into a cyclopentene ring (II) offered improved PK parameters, while maintaining potency for PARP1. Finally, to avoid potential issues that may arise from the presence of an anilinic moiety, the nitrogen substituent on the isoquinolinone ring was incorporated as part of the bicyclic ring. This afforded a naphthyridinone scaffold, as shown in structure III. Further optimization of naphthyridinone series led to identification of a novel and highly potent PARP1 inhibitor 34, which was further characterized as preclinical candidate molecule. Compound 34 is orally bioavailable and displayed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Compound 34 demonstrated remarkable antitumor efficacy both as a single-agent as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in the BRCA1 mutant MDA-MB-436 breast cancer xenograft model. Additionally, compound 34 also potentiated the effect of agents such as temozolomide in breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and Ewing's sarcoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnath P Karche
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India.
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Neelima Sinha
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gagan Kukreja
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sanjay P Kurhade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Arun R Jagdale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ajay R Tilekar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anil K Hajare
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh R Jadhav
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nishant R Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rohan Limaye
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nilesh Khedkar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Baban R Thube
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Javed S Shaikh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Irlapati
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Samiron Phukan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gopal Gole
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Apparao Bommakanti
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Harshal Khanwalkar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Yogesh Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ramesh Kale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - V R Praveen Kumar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Saif Wahid
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Albi Francis
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Tariq Bhat
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nivrutti Kamble
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant B Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sneha Naidu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Harish Volam
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vamsi Pagdala
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sadanand Mallurwar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Pushpak Bora
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prajakta Ahirrao
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prabhakaran Kamalakannan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Ram Naik
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Pradipta Kumar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajendra G Powar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh B Shankar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Peter R Bernstein
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jayasagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Nemmani
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimham
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kochumalayil Shaji George
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dhananjay Bakhle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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7
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Gao A, Guo M. Epigenetic based synthetic lethal strategies in human cancers. Biomark Res 2020; 8:44. [PMID: 32974031 PMCID: PMC7493427 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, it is recognized that loss of DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways is an early and frequent event in tumorigenesis, occurring in 40-50% of many cancer types. The basis of synthetic lethality in cancer therapy is DDR deficient cancers dependent on backup DNA repair pathways. In cancer, the concept of synthetic lethality has been extended to pairs of genes, in which inactivation of one by deletion or mutation and pharmacological inhibition of the other leads to death of cancer cells whereas normal cells are spared the effect of the drug. The paradigm study is to induce cell death by inhibiting PARP in BRCA1/2 defective cells. Since the successful application of PARP inhibitor, a growing number of developed DDR inhibitors are ongoing in preclinical and clinical testing, including ATM, ATR, CHK1/2 and WEE1 inhibitors. Combination of PARP inhibitors and other DDR inhibitors, or combination of multiple components of the same pathway may have great potential synthetic lethality efficiency. As epigenetics joins Knudson’s two hit theory, silencing of DDR genes by aberrant epigenetic changes provide new opportunities for synthetic lethal therapy in cancer. Understanding the causative epigenetic changes of loss-of-function has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents in cancer. DDR and related genes were found frequently methylated in human cancers, including BRCA1/2, MGMT, WRN, MLH1, CHFR, P16 and APC. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations may serve as synthetic lethal therapeutic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
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8
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Gralewska P, Gajek A, Marczak A, Rogalska A. Participation of the ATR/CHK1 pathway in replicative stress targeted therapy of high-grade ovarian cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:39. [PMID: 32316968 PMCID: PMC7175546 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies reported throughout the world. The initial, standard-of-care, adjuvant chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer is usually a platinum drug, such as cisplatin or carboplatin, combined with a taxane. However, despite surgical removal of the tumor and initial high response rates to first-line chemotherapy, around 80% of women will develop cancer recurrence. Effective strategies, including chemotherapy and new research models, are necessary to improve the prognosis. The replication stress response (RSR) is characteristic of the development of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Hence, RSR pathway and DNA repair proteins have emerged as a new area for anticancer drug development. Although clinical trials have shown poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) response rates of around 40% in women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes, PARPi is responsible for tumor suppression, but not for complete tumor regression. Recent reports suggest that cells with impaired homologous recombination (HR) activities due to mutations in TP53 gene or specific DNA repair proteins are specifically sensitive to ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) inhibitors. Replication stress activates DNA repair checkpoint proteins (ATR, CHK1), which prevent further DNA damage. This review describes the use of DNA repair checkpoint inhibitors as single agents and strategies combining these inhibitors with DNA-damaging compounds for ovarian cancer therapy, as well as the new platforms used for optimizing ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Gralewska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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A Small Compound KJ-28d Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Radio- and Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236026. [PMID: 31795418 PMCID: PMC6928747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor N-(3-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl)carboxamide (designated KJ-28d), which increased the death of human ovarian cancer BRCA1-deficient SNU-251 cells. In the present study, we further investigated the antitumor activities of KJ-28d in BRCA-proficient non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to expand the use of PARP inhibitors. KJ-28d significantly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in A549 and H1299 cells. Combined treatment with KJ-28d and ionizing radiation led to increased DNA damage responses in A549 and H1299 cells compared to KJ-28d or ionizing radiation alone, resulting in apoptotic cell death. Moreover, the combination of KJ-28d plus a DNA-damaging therapeutic agent (carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin) synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, compared to either drug alone. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the potential of KJ-28d as an effective anti-cancer therapeutic agent for BRCA-deficient and -proficient cancer cells. KJ-28d might have potential as an adjuvant when used in combination with radiotherapy or DNA-damaging agents, pending further investigations.
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10
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Jain A, Agostini LC, McCarthy GA, Chand SN, Ramirez A, Nevler A, Cozzitorto J, Schultz CW, Lowder CY, Smith KM, Waddell ID, Raitses-Gurevich M, Stossel C, Gorman YG, Atias D, Yeo CJ, Winter JM, Olive KP, Golan T, Pishvaian MJ, Ogilvie D, James DI, Jordan AM, Brody JR. Poly (ADP) Ribose Glycohydrolase Can Be Effectively Targeted in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4491-4502. [PMID: 31273064 PMCID: PMC6816506 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have an average survival of less than 1 year, underscoring the importance of evaluating novel targets with matched targeted agents. We recently identified that poly (ADP) ribose glycohydrolase (PARG) is a strong candidate target due to its dependence on the pro-oncogenic mRNA stability factor HuR (ELAVL1). Here, we evaluated PARG as a target in PDAC models using both genetic silencing of PARG and established small-molecule PARG inhibitors (PARGi), PDDX-01/04. Homologous repair-deficient cells compared with homologous repair-proficient cells were more sensitive to PARGi in vitro. In vivo, silencing of PARG significantly decreased tumor growth. PARGi synergized with DNA-damaging agents (i.e., oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil), but not with PARPi therapy. Mechanistically, combined PARGi and oxaliplatin treatment led to persistence of detrimental PARylation, increased expression of cleaved caspase-3, and increased γH2AX foci. In summary, these data validate PARG as a relevant target in PDAC and establish current therapies that synergize with PARGi. SIGNIFICANCE: PARG is a potential target in pancreatic cancer as a single-agent anticancer therapy or in combination with current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lebaron C Agostini
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace A McCarthy
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - AnnJosette Ramirez
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Cozzitorto
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher W Schultz
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cinthya Yabar Lowder
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chani Stossel
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Glick Gorman
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dikla Atias
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Charles J Yeo
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Donald Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Karam SD, Reddy K, Blatchford PJ, Waxweiler T, DeLouize AM, Oweida A, Somerset H, Marshall C, Young C, Davies KD, Kane M, Tan AC, Wang XJ, Jimeno A, Aisner DL, Bowles DW, Raben D. Final Report of a Phase I Trial of Olaparib with Cetuximab and Radiation for Heavy Smoker Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4949-4959. [PMID: 30084837 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our goal was to evaluate the safety and toxicity of combining a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, with cetuximab and fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer and heavy smoking histories.Patients and Methods: Patients with ≥10 packs/year history of smoking were treated with olaparib at doses ranging from 25-200 mg orally twice daily beginning approximately 10 days prior to initiation of and with concurrent radiation (69.3 Gy in 33 fractions) using a time-to-event continual reassessment method model. Cetuximab was administered starting approximately 5 days prior to radiation per standard of care.Results: A total of 16 patients were entered onto the study, with 15 evaluable for acute toxicity. The most common treatment-related grade 3-4 side effects were radiation dermatitis and mucositis (38% and 69%, respectively). The MTD was determined to be 50 mg orally twice daily, but the recommended phase II dose was deemed to be 25 mg orally twice daily. At a median follow-up of 26 months, the actuarial median overall survival was 37 months, but was not reached for other endpoints. Two-year overall survival, progression-free survival, local control, and distant control rates were 72%, 63%, 72%, and 79%, respectively. Patients who continued to smoke during therapy experienced higher recurrence rates. MYC and KMT2A were identified as potential correlatives of response on gene amplification and mutational analysis.Conclusions: Olaparib at 25 mg orally twice daily with concurrent cetuximab and radiation was well tolerated with reduced dermatitis within the radiation field. Response rates were promising for this high-risk population. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4949-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Krishna Reddy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Patrick J Blatchford
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tim Waxweiler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alicia M DeLouize
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayman Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hilary Somerset
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carrie Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurtis D Davies
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Madeleine Kane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choo Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Ito F, Yoshimoto C, Yamada Y, Sudo T, Kobayashi H. The HNF-1β-USP28-Claspin pathway upregulates DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17512-17522. [PMID: 29707125 PMCID: PMC5915133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF-1β) enhances checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation and promotes G2/M cell cycle progression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) following exposure to diverse genotoxic agents including bleomycin. However, the underlying mechanism leading to checkpoint activation of HNF-1β still remains largely unknown. To clarify the effects of HNF-1β on cell cycle checkpoints, human CCC cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting HNF-1β, Claspin, USP28, or a control vector. Ubiquitination and stabilization of Claspin protein by HNF-1β was assessed by immunoprecipitation. Loss-of-function studies using RNAi-mediated gene silencing indicated that HNF-1β facilitated the Claspin expression after treatment with a genotoxic agent bleomycin, resulting in accumulation of phosphorylated Chk1 (p-Chk1) and promotion of survival in CCC cell lines. This study showed for the first time that USP28, a de-ubiquitinase crucial for Claspin expression, is one target gene of HNF-1β. Knockdown of endogenous USP28 suppressed the Claspin expression and p-Chk1 activation and cell viability. Our findings identify a novel pathway of the HNF-1β-USP28-Claspin-Chk1 axis in checkpoint signal amplification in response to DNA damage. Targeting this pathway may represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in ovarian CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sudo
- Section of Translational Research, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Wilson RB. Hypoxia, cytokines and stromal recruitment: parallels between pathophysiology of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, endometriosis and peritoneal metastasis. Pleura Peritoneum 2018; 3:20180103. [PMID: 30911653 PMCID: PMC6405013 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal response to various kinds of injury involves loss of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC), danger signalling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT). Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), endometriosis (EM) and peritoneal metastasis (PM) are all characterized by hypoxia and formation of a vascularized connective tissue stroma mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is constitutively expressed by the PMC and plays a major role in the maintenance of a transformed, inflammatory micro-environment in PM, but also in EPS and EM. Persistently high levels of TGF-β1 or stimulation by inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6)) induce peritoneal MMT, adhesion formation and fibrosis. TGF-β1 enhances hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, which drives cell growth, extracellular matrix production and cell migration. Disruption of the peritoneal glycocalyx and exposure of the basement membrane release low molecular weight hyaluronan, which initiates a cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators, including peritoneal cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, prostaglandins), growth factors (TGF-α, TGF-β, platelet-derived growth factor, VEGF, epidermal growth factor) and the fibrin/coagulation cascade (thrombin, Tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1/2). Chronic inflammation and cellular transformation are mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns, pattern recognition receptors, AGE-RAGE, extracellular lactate, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, increased glycolysis, metabolomic reprogramming and cancer-associated fibroblasts. The pathogenesis of EPS, EM and PM shows similarities to the cellular transformation and stromal recruitment of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Upper GI Surgery Department, Liverpool Hospital, Elizabeth St, Liverpool, 2170, NSW, Australia
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