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Mickelsson M, Söderström E, Stefansson K, Andersson J, Söderberg S, Hultdin J. Smoking tobacco is associated with renal hyperfiltration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2021; 81:622-628. [PMID: 34669529 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1989713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco consumption is a renal risk factor, but the effects on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the possible impact of using tobacco products (smoking and snus) on eGFR based on creatinine or cystatin C. We used a first cohort with 949 participants and a second cohort with 995 participants; none had pre-existing renal disease. All subjects donated a blood sample and completed a questionnaire, including questions about tobacco use. To assess the effect on eGFR, hierarchical multiple linear regression models were used. Active smoking associated independently with a higher eGFRcreatinine in all subjects (p < 0.001; β = 0.11). Further analyses stratified for sex, showed similar findings for men (p < 0.001; β = 0.14) and for women (p = 0.026; β = 0.10). eGFRcystatin C was significantly associated with active smoking in all subjects (p = 0.040; β = -0.05), but no association was seen after stratification for sex. Snus did not associate with eGFR. In conclusion, smoking associated significantly with a higher eGFRcreatinine. The mechanism may be renal hyperfiltration of smaller molecules such as creatinine. This is probably caused by substances from smoked tobacco other than nicotine, as no effect was seen for snus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Mickelsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Söderström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Norrbotten County Council, Sunderby Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Stefansson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Skellefteå Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Habeichi NJ, Ghali R, Alawasi H, Fakih C, Zibara K, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14339. [PMID: 31981316 PMCID: PMC6981307 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies documented renal damage in chronic cigarette smokers (CS) irrespective of their age and gender. Premenopausal female smokers are known to exert a certain cardiovascular and renal protection with undefined mechanisms. Given the multiple demographic variables within clinical studies, this experimental study was designed to be the first to assess whether gender‐biased CS‐induced kidney damage truly exists between premenopausal female and age‐matched C57Bl6J male mice when compared to their relative control groups. Following 6 weeks of CS exposure, cardiac function, inflammatory marker production, fibrosis formation, total and glomerular ROS levels, and glomerulotubular homeostasis were assessed in both genders. Although both CS‐exposed male and female mice exhibited comparable ROS fold change relative to their respective control groups, CS‐exposed male mice showed a more pronounced fibrotic deposition, inflammation, and glomerulotubular damage profile. However, the protection observed in CS‐exposed female group was not absolute. CS‐exposed female mice exhibited a significant increase in fibrosis, ROS production, and glomerulotubular alteration but with a pronounced anti‐inflammatory profile when compared to their relative control groups. Although both CS‐exposed genders presented with altered glomerulotubular homeostasis, the alteration phenotype between genders was different. CS‐exposed males showed a significant decrease in Bowman's space along with reduced tubular diameter consistent with an endocrinization pattern of chronic tubular atrophy, suggestive of an advanced stage of glomerulotubular damage. CS‐exposed female group, on the other hand, displayed glomerular hypertrophy with a mild tubular dilatation profile suggestive of an early stage of glomerulotubular damage that generally precedes collapse. In conclusion, both genders are prone to CS‐induced kidney damage with pronounced female protection due to a milder damage slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Alawasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christina Fakih
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Okui T. An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Prevalence and Consultation Rate for Dyslipidemia in Japan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 33:46-52. [PMID: 33030030 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520963643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study involved an age-period-cohort analysis of the consultation rate and prevalence of dyslipidemia in Japan, based on Patient Survey data from 1999 to 2017 and open data of national database of health insurance claims and specific health checkups in Japan from 2013 to 2016. Our results showed that the consultation rates were lower than the prevalence, regardless of age, year, and sex, and particularly among middle-aged and male respondents. Additionally, both the consultation rate and prevalence increased with increasing age to a greater extent among women than men, and the degree of increase in the consultation rate was larger than that in prevalence among women. Furthermore, although the cohort effect on prevalence began to decrease among men in cohorts born in approximately 1960, the effect decreased among women in cohorts born between the 1930s and 1960s and exhibited an increasing trend thereafter.
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Sismanlar Eyuboglu T, Aslan AT, Kose M, Pekcan S, Hangul M, Gulbahar O, Cingirt M, Bedir Demirdag T, Tezer H, Budakoglu II. Passive Smoking and Disease Severity in Childhood Pneumonia Under 5 Years of Age. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:412-418. [PMID: 31774539 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To objectively investigate the effect of passive smoking on pneumonia and disease severity in children aged less than 5 years by using cotinine as an indicator of passive smoking. METHODS Between December 2015 and April 2016, children aged less than 5 years with pneumonia and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study, which was conducted at three tertiary pediatric pulmonology centers. A questionnaire was given to the parents regarding demographic data and smoking status at home. Urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR) was measured. The data from the pneumonia and control groups, as well as children with mild and severe pneumonia within the pneumonia group, were compared. RESULTS A total of 227 subjects were included in the study; there were 74 children in the pneumonia group and 153 in the control group. The mean age of all the children was 33.4 ± 1.28 months. Of all subjects, 140 were male and 102 were exposed to passive smoking by their parents at home. There were statistically significant differences in age, number of people in the home, and mother's and father's age between the control and pneumonia groups (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the CCR in the control and pneumonia group (p > 0.05). Age and urinary CCR were significantly different between children with mild and severe pneumonia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We showed that passive smoking exposure was associated with the development of severe pneumonia in children. Further studies are needed to examine the underlying cause in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Sismanlar Eyuboglu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 06080
| | - Ayse Tana Aslan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Mehmet Kose
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 38030
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram Medicine Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey 42090
| | - Melih Hangul
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 38030
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Mehmet Cingirt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Tuga Bedir Demirdag
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Hasan Tezer
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Isıl Irem Budakoglu
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
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Zhang P, Jin H, Guo ZN, Sun HJ, Zhang FL, Sun X, Yang Y. The Accumulation of Key Stroke Risk Factors and Its Association With the Characteristics of Subjects: A Population Based Cross Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:949. [PMID: 30483211 PMCID: PMC6240764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence has shown that the greater the accumulation of risk factors for stroke, the greater the risk of stroke. Early intervention in the accumulation of risk factors for stroke can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke. The study aimed to investigate the distribution of the number of certain risk factors for stroke (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight and obesity, and diabetes) and to explore the cause of the accumulation of certain stroke risk factors. Methods: A total of 4,052 participants aged 40 years or older were selected by the multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Dehui City in Jilin province, China. Descriptive data analyses were conducted. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore the adjusted association between the accumulation of key stroke risk factors and subjects' lifestyle and demographic characteristics. Results: Overall, 84.1% of the participants in this study had one or more of the four certain risk factors for stroke. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of having ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 key stroke risk factors were 1.627 (1.258, 2.103), 1.446 (1.209, 1.728), and 1.394 (1.164, 1.670), respectively, for males compared to females. Similarly, the ORs and 95% CIs of having ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 key stroke risk factors were 1.227 (1.009, 1.492), 1.256 (1.096, 1.442), and 1.450 (1.262, 1.667), respectively, for partially salty diets compared to normal diets. Compared to people who did not exercise regularly, the ORs and 95% CIs of having ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 key stroke risk factors were 0.693 (0.544, 0.883), 0.800 (0.679, 0.944), and 0.775 (0.659, 0.913), respectively, for people who regularly exercised. Compared to people who without a family history of cerebrovascular diseases, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.418 (1.162, 1.732), 1.327 (1.154, 1.525), and 1.209 (1.050, 1.393), for people who with it. Conclusions: Male, partially salty diets, and family history of cerebrovascular diseases were risk factors for the accumulation of certain stroke risk factors while regular physical exercise was a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Jie Sun
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Maximov SA, Tsygankova DP, Artamonova GV. THE RELATION OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND ITS RISK FACTORS (ESSE-RF IN KEMEROVSKAYA REGION). КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2018. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2018-3-59-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Analysis of the relation of smoking and alcohol consumption with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its main risk factors (RF).Material and methods. The data analyzed, from the multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in Russia) in Kemerovaskaya region, on the random sample of male and female inhabitants of 25-64 y.o. (n=1628). With the interview method, data gathered on alcohol consumption and smoking status of the participants, as on their social level, anamnesis, presence of angina pectoris. During medical investigation the values of lipid profile were obtained, weight and height, blood pressure and electrocardiography. The assessment of relation of smoking and alcohol with CHD and its RF was done with the logistic regression.Results. After correction for the modifying RF, most adverse associations were found in the heaviest drinkers regardless smoking: high significant risks of triglyceridemia — odds ratio (OR) is 2,46-4,59, and CHD — OR 3,023,89, as the tendency for statistical significance of hypercholestrolemia. In smokers and heavy alcohol consumers there is tendency to hypertension and diabetes risk. In smokers nonand moderate drinkers there are tendencies for higher hypertension risk, as of higher triglycerides and CHD risk. The category smokers/non-drinkers is characterized by the highest among others significant risk of CHD (OR 9,05). Among all studied groups, the best position hold non-smokers/moderate drinkers, who present with the risks of CHD and RF similar to reference, or lower (non-significant).Conclusion. Results of the study witness on the relation of CHD and its RF with the combination of smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Maximov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - D. P. Tsygankova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases;
Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Health
| | - G. V. Artamonova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
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7
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Hartz JC, de Ferranti S, Gidding S. Hypertriglyceridemia in Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pediatric Care. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:497-512. [PMID: 29850649 PMCID: PMC5961027 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is estimated that the risk of CVD in diabetes mellitus (DM) is 2 to 10 times higher than in the general population. Much of this increased risk is thought to be related to the development of an atherogenic lipid profile, in which hypertriglyceridemia is an essential component. Recent studies suggest that dyslipidemia may be present in children and adolescents with DM, particularly in T2DM and in association with poor control in T1DM. However, the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of future CVD in youth with DM is unclear, as data are scarce. In this review, we will evaluate the pathophysiology of atherogenic hypertriglyceridemia in DM, the evidence regarding an independent role of triglycerides in the development of CVD, and the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with DM, highlighting the potential relevance to children and the need for more data in children and adolescents to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Hartz
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Samuel Gidding
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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9
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents a related factor with metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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10
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Bermudez V, Olivar LC, Torres W, Navarro C, Gonzalez R, Espinoza C, Morocho A, Mindiola A, Chacin M, Arias V, Añez R, Salazar J, Riaño-Garzon M, Diaz-Camargo E, Bautista MJ, Rojas J. Cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome components: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. F1000Res 2018; 7:565. [PMID: 30705749 PMCID: PMC6343224 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14571.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smoking can cause the onset of metabolic syndrome prior to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking habit and metabolic syndrome components in an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this sub-study, 2212 adults from both genders were selected. On the basis of their medical background, they were classified as smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonizing 2009 criteria, using population-specific abdominal circumference cut-off points. The association between risk factors was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: In the studied population, 14.8% were smokers, 15.4% were former smokers. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of metabolic syndrome (smokers: OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14; p=0.010) and its components were related to cigarette smoking, with the exception of hyperglycemia. High blood pressure was inversely associated with current smoking status (smokers: OR, 0.70 (0.51-0.95); p=0.025). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking represents an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, being associated with low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, increased abdominal circumference and elevated triacylglyceride levels. Former smokers did not present a greater risk for developing this metabolic disease when compared to non-smokers. The effect of avoiding this habit should be evaluated in future studies in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermudez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carla Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Robys Gonzalez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Cristobal Espinoza
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Morocho
- Latacunga Province General Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Cotopaxi, Ecuador
| | - Andres Mindiola
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Victor Arias
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Roberto Añez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Riaño-Garzon
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Edgar Diaz-Camargo
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Maria Judith Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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