Kalmari A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Heydari M, Arash V. Missense polymorphisms potentially involved in mandibular prognathism.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023;
13:453-460. [PMID:
37228872 PMCID:
PMC10203774 DOI:
10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.007]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
The current study aimed to identify and analyze missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can potentially cause mandibular prognathism.
Methods
After reviewing the articles, 56 genes associated with mandibular prognathism were identified and their missense SNPs were retrieved from the NCBI website. Several web-based tools including CADD, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PANTHER, FATHMM, and PON-P2 were used to filter out harmful SNPs. Additionally, ConSurf determined the level of evolutionary conservation at positions where SNPs occur. I-Mutant2 and MUpro predicted the effect of SNPs on protein stability. Furthermore, to investigate the structural and functional changes of proteins, HOPE and LOMETS tools were utilized.
Results
Based on predictions in at least four web-based tools, the results indicated that PLXNA2-rs4844658, DUSP6-rs2279574, and FBN3-rs33967815 are harmful. These SNPs are located at positions with variable or average conservation and have the potential to reduce the stability of their respective proteins. Moreover, they may impair protein activity by causing structural and functional changes.
Conclusions
In this study, we identified PLXNA2-rs4844658, DUSP6-rs2279574, and FBN3-rs33967815 as potential risk factors for mandibular prognathism using several web-based tools. According to the possible roles of PLXNA2, DUSP6, and FBN3 proteins in ossification pathways, we recommend that these SNPs be investigated further in experimental research. Through such studies, we hope to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mandible formation.
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