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Herreros-Pomares A, Hervás D, Bagan-Debon L, Proaño A, Garcia D, Sandoval J, Bagan J. Oral cancers preceded by proliferative verrucous leukoplakia exhibit distinctive molecular features. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1072-1083. [PMID: 36892444 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) has high rates of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the clinical and evolutionary pattern of OSCC from PVL (PVL-OSCC) is more favorable than that of OSCC not preceded by PVL (OSCC). Here, we aimed to explore the pathophysiologic differences between PVL-OSCC and OSCC through transcriptomic and DNA methylation analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, oral biopsies from 8 PVL-OSCC and 10 OSCC patients were obtained for global sequencing using RNAseq and a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis via the Infinium EPIC Platform (graphical abstract). RESULTS One hundred and thirty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, 94 of them upregulated in OSCC. Most of these genes were previously described in cancer and associated with prognosis. The integrative analysis revealed 26 DEGs, corresponding to 37 CpGs, whose promoters were regulated by DNA methylation. Twenty-nine of the CpGs were found as hypermethylated in PVL-OSCC. Only 5 of the genes that were aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed were upregulated in PVL-OSCC patients, whereas 21 were underexpressed. CONCLUSIONS PVL-OSCC patients presented lower expression of cancer-related genes. Hypermethylation of the promoter region of many genes was also noticed, indicating that DNA methylation could be a regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leticia Bagan-Debon
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Proaño
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Garcia
- Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Bagan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Precancer and oral cancer research group of Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Gil-Martín E, Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Egea J, Romero A. Potential of melatonin to reverse epigenetic aberrations in oral cancer: new findings. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1280-1310. [PMID: 38234969 PMCID: PMC10792176 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
It is now an accepted principle that epigenetic alterations cause cellular dyshomeostasis and functional changes, both of which are essential for the initiation and completion of the tumor cycle. Oral carcinogenesis is no exception in this regard, as most of the tumors in the different subsites of the oral cavity arise from the cross-reaction between (epi)genetic inheritance and the huge challenge of environmental stressors. Currently, the biochemical machinery is put at the service of the tumor program, halting the cell cycle, triggering uncontrolled proliferation, driving angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, until the archetypes of the tumor phenotype are reached. Melatonin has the ability to dynamically affect the epigenetic code. It has become accepted that melatonin can reverse (epi)genetic aberrations present in oral and other cancers, suggesting the possibility of enhancing the oncostatic capacity of standard multimodal treatments by incorporating this indolamine as an adjuvant. First steps in this direction confirm the potential of melatonin as a countermeasure to mitigate the detrimental side effects of conventional first-line radiochemotherapy. This single effect could produce synergies of extraordinary clinical importance, allowing doses to be increased and treatments not to be interrupted, ultimately improving patients' quality of life and prognosis. Motivated by the urgency of improving the medical management of oral cancer, many authors advocate moving from in vitro and preclinical research, where the bulk of melatonin cancer research is concentrated, to systematic randomized clinical trials on large cohorts. Recognizing the challenge to improve the clinical management of cancer, our motivation is to encourage comprehensive and robust research to reveal the clinical potential of melatonin in oral cancer control. To improve the outcome and quality of life of patients with oral cancer, here we provide the latest evidence of the oncolytic activity that melatonin can achieve by manipulating epigenetic patterns in oronasopharyngeal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hsieh YP, Chen KC, Chen MY, Huang LY, Su AY, Chiang WF, Huang WT, Huang TT. Epigenetic Deregulation of Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 Promotes Carcinogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094495. [PMID: 35562900 PMCID: PMC9104624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of oral cancers and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Epigenetic deregulation is a common mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. DNA methylation deregulation is the epigenetic change observed during the transformation of normal cells to precancerous and eventually cancer cells. This study investigated the DNA methylation patterns of PTK6 during the development of OSCC. Bisulfite genomic DNA sequencing was performed to determine the PTK6 methylation level. OSCC animal models were established to examine changes in PTK6 expression in the different stages of OSCC development. The DNA methylation of PTK6 was decreased during the development of OSCC. The mRNA and protein expression of PTK6 was increased in OSCC cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. In mice, the methylation level of PTK6 decreased after treatment with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and arecoline, and the mRNA and protein expression of PTK6 was increased. PTK6 hypomethylation can be a diagnostic marker of OSCC. Upregulation of PTK6 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. PTK6 promoted carcinogenesis and metastasis by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation and ZEB1 expression. The epigenetic deregulation of PTK6 can serve as a biomarker for the early detection of OSCC and as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - Ken-Chung Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yen Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - An-Yu Su
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 72263, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 72263, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (W.-T.H.); (T.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-6-6226999 (W.-T.H.); +886-6-2353535 (ext. 2964) (T.-T.H.); Fax: +886-6-6226999 (W.-T.H.); +886-6-2359885 (T.-T.H.)
| | - Tze-Ta Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Medicine, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-T.H.); (T.-T.H.); Tel.: +886-6-6226999 (W.-T.H.); +886-6-2353535 (ext. 2964) (T.-T.H.); Fax: +886-6-6226999 (W.-T.H.); +886-6-2359885 (T.-T.H.)
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Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma of maxillary alveolus in a Nicobari tribal woman after 17 years of tobacco cessation - A case report. Oral Oncol 2021; 123:105601. [PMID: 34768208 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bruschini R, Maffini F, Chiesa F, Lepanto D, De Berardinis R, Chu F, Tagliabue M, Giugliano G, Ansarin M. Oral cancer: changing the aim of the biopsy in the age of precision medicine. A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:108-119. [PMID: 34028455 PMCID: PMC8142729 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops through a complex, multi-step process. Precision medicine should help to better understand its molecular basis, integrate traditional classifications and have a positive impact on cancer management. To apply this information in clinical practice, we need to define its histology and identify biomarkers expressed by the tumour that provide useful information for planning tailored treatment. The most reliable information currently derives from evaluation of biomarkers on post-operative samples. To plan personalised treatment, oncologists need to assess these markers on biopsy samples. We reviewed the recent literature and identified 6 of 184 publications that compared markers measured on biopsy and post-operative samples or assessed their predictivity for the development of lymph node metastases. Data from these studies suggest that markers measured on biopsy samples can provide useful indications for tailoring treatments. However, due to their heterogeneity and low level of evidence, these results need to be confirmed by clinical studies on a large population to standardise and validate biomarkers in biopsies and to assess their reliability in other diagnostic mini-invasive procedures such as radiomics and liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bruschini
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Maffini
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Chiesa
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lepanto
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita De Berardinis
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Chu
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Giugliano
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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6
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Gama RR, Arantes LMRB, Sorroche BP, De Marchi P, Melendez ME, Carvalho RS, de Lima MA, Vettore AL, Carvalho AL. Evaluation of acetylation and methylation in oral rinse of patients with head and neck cancer history exposed to valproic acid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16415. [PMID: 34385507 PMCID: PMC8361187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluate the biological action of valproic acid in the acetylation of histones and in the methylation of tumor suppressor genes via oral rinse in patients with a previous history of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Forty-two active or former smokers were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Oral rinse samples were collected prior to treatment with valproic acid or placebo and after 90 days of treatment. The methylation status of five tumor suppressor genes and histone acetylation were evaluated by pyrosequencing and ELISA techniques, respectively. Differences between the 90-day and baseline oral rinse acetylation and methylation results were analyzed by comparing groups. Thirty-four patients were considered for analysis. The mean percentage adherence in the valproic and placebo groups was 93.4 and 93.0, respectively (p = 0.718). There was no statistically significant difference between groups when comparing the medians of the histone acetylation ratio and the methylation ratio for most of the studied genes. A significant reduction in the DCC methylation pattern was observed in the valproic group (p = 0.023). The use of valproic acid was safe and accompanied by good therapeutic adherence. DCC methylation was lower in the valproic acid group than in the placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro Gama
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Bairro Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Pedro De Marchi
- Clinical Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raiany Santos Carvalho
- Researcher Support Center, Teaching and Research Institute, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alves de Lima
- Biostatistics Center, Teaching and Research Institute, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vettore
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, São Paulo Federal University, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Bairro Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Senior Researcher, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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7
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Napolitano V, Russo D, Morra F, Merolla F, Varricchio S, Ilardi G, Di Crescenzo RM, Martino F, Mascolo M, Celetti A, Tamagnone L, Staibano S. Neuropilin-1 Expression Associates with Poor Prognosis in HNSCC and Elicits EGFR Activation upon CDDP-Induced Cytotoxic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3822. [PMID: 34359721 PMCID: PMC8345038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes a group of aggressive malignancies characterized by the overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 90% of cases. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) acts as an EGFR co-receptor, enhancing, upon ligand stimulation, EGFR signaling in several cellular models. However, NRP-1 remains poorly characterized in HNSCC. By utilizing in vitro cellular models of HNSCC, we report that NRP-1 is involved in the regulation of EGFR signaling. In fact, NRP-1 can lead to cisplatin-induced EGFR phosphorylation, an escape mechanism activated by cancer cells upon cytotoxic stress. Furthermore, we evaluated Neuropilin-1 staining in tissue samples of an HNSCC case series (n = 218), unraveling a prognostic value for the Neuropilin-1 tissue expression. These data suggest a potential role for NRP-1 in HNSCC cancer progression, expanding the repertoire of signaling in which NRP-1 is involved and eliciting the need for further investigations on NRP-1 as a suitable target for HNSCC novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (L.T.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Morra
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Martino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Celetti
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore”, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (L.T.)
- Fondazione Policlinico “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Unità di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (D.R.); (S.V.); (G.I.); (R.M.D.C.); (F.M.); (M.M.); (S.S.)
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8
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Rodriguez FD, Coveñas R. Biochemical Mechanisms Associating Alcohol Use Disorders with Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143548. [PMID: 34298760 PMCID: PMC8306032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Of all yearly deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, approximately 12% are due to cancers, representing approximately 0.4 million deceased individuals. Ethanol metabolism disturbs cell biochemistry by targeting the structure and function of essential biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) and by provoking alterations in cell programming that lead to cancer development and cancer malignancy. A better understanding of the metabolic and cell signaling realm affected by ethanol is paramount to designing effective treatments and preventive actions tailored to specific neoplasias. Abstract The World Health Organization identifies alcohol as a cause of several neoplasias of the oropharynx cavity, esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, larynx, liver, or female breast. We review ethanol’s nonoxidative and oxidative metabolism and one-carbon metabolism that encompasses both redox and transfer reactions that influence crucial cell proliferation machinery. Ethanol favors the uncontrolled production and action of free radicals, which interfere with the maintenance of essential cellular functions. We focus on the generation of protein, DNA, and lipid adducts that interfere with the cellular processes related to growth and differentiation. Ethanol’s effects on stem cells, which are responsible for building and repairing tissues, are reviewed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) of different origins suffer disturbances related to the expression of cell surface markers, enzymes, and transcription factors after ethanol exposure with the consequent dysregulation of mechanisms related to cancer metastasis or resistance to treatments. Our analysis aims to underline and discuss potential targets that show more sensitivity to ethanol’s action and identify specific metabolic routes and metabolic realms that may be corrected to recover metabolic homeostasis after pharmacological intervention. Specifically, research should pay attention to re-establishing metabolic fluxes by fine-tuning the functioning of specific pathways related to one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-677-510-030
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Hier J, Vachon O, Bernstein A, Ibrahim I, Mlynarek A, Hier M, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Maschietto M, da Silva SD. Portrait of DNA methylated genes predictive of poor prognosis in head and neck cancer and the implication for targeted therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10012. [PMID: 33976322 PMCID: PMC8113272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to chronic infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) and exposure to environmental carcinogens, genetic and epigenetic factors act as major risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) development and progression. Here, we conducted a systematic review in order to assess whether DNA hypermethylated genes are predictive of high risk of developing HNC and/or impact on survival and outcomes in non-HPV/non-tobacco/non-alcohol associated HNC. We identified 85 studies covering 32,187 subjects where the relationship between DNA methylation, risk factors and survival outcomes were addressed. Changes in DNA hypermethylation were identified for 120 genes. Interactome analysis revealed enrichment in complex regulatory pathways that coordinate cell cycle progression (CCNA1, SFN, ATM, GADD45A, CDK2NA, TP53, RB1 and RASSF1). However, not all these genes showed significant statistical association with alcohol consumption, tobacco and/or HPV infection in the multivariate analysis. Genes with the most robust HNC risk association included TIMP3, DCC, DAPK, CDH1, CCNA1, MGMT, P16, MINT31, CD44, RARβ. From these candidates, we further validated CD44 at translational level in an independent cohort of 100 patients with tongue cancer followed-up beyond 10 years. CD44 expression was associated with high-risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis (P = 0.01) in HPV-cases. In summary, genes regulated by methylation play a modulatory function in HNC susceptibility and it represent a critical therapeutic target to manage patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Olivia Vachon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Allison Bernstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) and Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Centre of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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miRNAs Involved in Esophageal Carcinogenesis and miRNA-Related Therapeutic Perspectives in Esophageal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073640. [PMID: 33807389 PMCID: PMC8037581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in many aspects of cell biology, including cancer development. Within esophageal cancer, miRNAs have been proved to be involved in all phases of carcinogenesis, from initiation to metastatic spread. Several miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in esophageal premalignant lesions, namely Barrett’s esophagus, Barrett’s dysplasia, and squamous dysplasia. Furthermore, numerous studies have investigated the alteration in the expression levels of many oncomiRNAs and tumor suppressor miRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, thus proving how miRNAs are able modulate crucial regulatory pathways of cancer development. Considering these findings, miRNAs may have a role not only as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, but also as predictive biomarker of response to anti-cancer therapies and as potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize several studies on the matter, focusing on the possible diagnostic–therapeutic implications.
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11
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Baryshev VV, Sevryukov FE, Polkin VV, Baryshev KV, Popuchiev VV. [Individual-specific symptoms of malignant neoplasms of the oropharynx occurring in otolaryngologist's practice]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2021; 85:37-40. [PMID: 33474915 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20208506137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to statistical data given in the article the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer increases, despite the ease of access to the maxillofacial area and the possibility to make visual and manual examination of this site. It should be stressed that locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer of the III-IV stages was the first diagnosis in 82.9% of patients. It may be due to low level suspicion of primary care physicians. The paper considers risk factors for development of oropharyngeal cancer and presents the list of compulsory diagnostic tests. The authors suggest that recommended diagnostic algorithm will be helpful to a timely detection of precancer and cancer abnormalities in the oropharynx in order to minimize the time and to define the optimal scheduling of examination of a patient in specialized health care centers for early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Baryshev
- Medical Radiological Research Centre - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - F E Sevryukov
- Medical Radiological Research Centre - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - V V Polkin
- Medical Radiological Research Centre - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - K V Baryshev
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - V V Popuchiev
- Medical Radiological Research Centre - branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
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12
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Kiss F, Pohóczky K, Szállási A, Helyes Z. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6374. [PMID: 32887395 PMCID: PMC7569891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is a largely preventable disease with smoking, alcohol abuse, and human papilloma virus (HPV) being the main risk factors. Yet, many patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, and no survival improvement has been seen for oral SCC in the past decade. Clearly, new diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed for early diagnosis and to guide therapy. Gene expression studies implied the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. TRPs are expressed in normal epithelium where they play a key role in proliferation and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that the expression of TRP channels may change in HNSCC with important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In this review, we propose that TRP channel expression may afford a novel opportunity for early diagnosis of HNSCC and targeted molecular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Kiss
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arpad Szállási
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Epigenetic Regulation of the Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060483. [PMID: 32570816 PMCID: PMC7350343 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), termed high risk, presents a public health burden due to their association with multiple human cancers, including cervical cancer and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. Despite the development of prophylactic vaccines, the incidence of HPV-associated cancers remains high. In addition, no vaccine has yet been licensed for therapeutic use against pre-existing HPV infections and HPV-associated diseases. Although persistent HPV infection is the major risk factor for cancer development, additional genetic and epigenetic alterations are required for progression to the malignant phenotype. Unlike genetic mutations, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications makes epigenetic regulators ideal therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. This review article will highlight the recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic modifications associated with HPV infections, with a particular focus on the role of these epigenetic changes during different stages of the HPV life cycle that are closely associated with activation of DNA damage response pathways.
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14
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Jia T, Ren Y, Wang F, Zhao R, Qiao B, Xing L, Ou L, Guo B. MiR-148a inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma progression through ERK/MAPK pathway via targeting IGF-IR. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20182458. [PMID: 32202300 PMCID: PMC7174276 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the functional roles and clinical significance of microRNA-148a (miR-148a) in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Relative expression of miR-148a in OSCC cells and tissues were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was performed to estimate the relationship between miR-148a expression and clinical characteristics of OSCC patients. Cell transfection was carried out using Lipofectamine® 2000. Biological behaviors of tumor cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell assays. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify the target genes of miR-148a. Protein expression was detected through Western blot analysis. RESULTS MiR-148a expression was obviously decreased in OSCC tissues and cells, and such down-regulation was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.027) and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.001) of OSCC patients. miR-148a overexpression could significantly impair OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro (P<0.05 for all). Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) was a potential target of miR-148a. MiR-148a could inhibit ERK/MAPK signaling pathway through targeting IGF-IR. CONCLUSION MiR-148a plays an anti-tumor role in OSCC and inhibits OSCC progression through suppressing ERK/MAPK pathway via targeting IGF-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fengze Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The 316th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lejun Xing
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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15
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Langdon RJ, Beynon RA, Ingarfield K, Marioni RE, McCartney DL, Martin RM, Ness AR, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Relton C, Thomas SJ, Richmond RC. Epigenetic prediction of complex traits and mortality in a cohort of individuals with oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:58. [PMID: 32321578 PMCID: PMC7178612 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm) variation is an established predictor for several traits. In the context of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), where 5-year survival is ~ 65%, DNA methylation may act as a prognostic biomarker. We examined the accuracy of DNA methylation biomarkers of 4 complex exposure traits (alcohol consumption, body mass index [BMI], educational attainment and smoking status) in predicting all-cause mortality in people with OPC. RESULTS DNAm predictors of alcohol consumption, BMI, educational attainment and smoking status were applied to 364 individuals with OPC in the Head and Neck 5000 cohort (HN5000; 19.6% of total OPC cases in the study), followed up for median 3.9 years; inter-quartile range (IQR) 3.3 to 5.2 years (time-to-event-death or censor). The proportion of phenotypic variance explained in each trait was as follows: 16.5% for alcohol consumption, 22.7% for BMI, 0.4% for educational attainment and 51.1% for smoking. We then assessed the relationship between each DNAm predictor and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis. DNAm prediction of smoking was most consistently associated with mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38 per standard deviation (SD) increase in smoking DNAm score; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.83; P 0.025, in a model adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, health and biological variables). Finally, we examined the accuracy of each DNAm predictor of mortality. DNAm predictors explained similar levels of variance in mortality to self-reported phenotypes. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the DNAm predictors showed a moderate discrimination of alcohol consumption (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63), BMI (AUC 0.61) and smoking (AUC 0.70) when predicting mortality. The DNAm predictor for education showed poor discrimination (AUC 0.57). Z tests comparing AUCs between self-reported phenotype ROC curves and DNAm score ROC curves did not show evidence for difference between the two (alcohol consumption P 0.41, BMI P 0.62, educational attainment P 0.49, smoking P 0.19). CONCLUSIONS In the context of a clinical cohort of individuals with OPC, DNAm predictors for smoking, alcohol consumption, educational attainment and BMI exhibit similar predictive values for all-cause mortality compared to self-reported data. These findings may have translational utility in prognostic model development, particularly where phenotypic data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rhona A Beynon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Ingarfield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, UK
- Community Oral Health, University of Glasgow Dental School, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy R Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven J Thomas
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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16
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Potential of Melatonin as Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Cancer in the Era of Epigenomics. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111712. [PMID: 31684096 PMCID: PMC6895876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide variety of epigenetic controls available is rapidly expanding the knowledge of molecular biology even overflowing it. At the same time, it can illuminate unsuspected ways of understanding the etiology of cancer. New emerging therapeutic horizons, then, promise to overcome the current antitumor strategies need. The translational utility of this complexity is particularly welcome in oral cancer (OC), in which natural history is alarmingly disappointing due to the invasive and mutilating surgery, the high relapsing rate, the poor quality of life and the reduced survival after diagnosis. Melatonin activates protective receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes that prevent tissue cancerisation and inhibit progressive tumor malignancy and metastasis. Related evidence has shown that melatonin pleiotropy encompasses gene expression regulation through all the three best-characterized epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA. OC has received less attention than other cancers despite prognosis is usually negative and there are no significant therapy improvements recorded in the past decade. However, a large research effort is being carried out to elucidate how melatonin´s machinery can prevent epigenetic insults that lead to cancer. In the light of recent findings, a comprehensive examination of biochemistry through which melatonin may reverse epigenetic aberrations in OC is an extraordinary opportunity to take a step forward in the clinical management of patients.
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17
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CAF-1 Subunits Levels Suggest Combined Treatments with PARP-Inhibitors and Ionizing Radiation in Advanced HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101582. [PMID: 31627329 PMCID: PMC6827109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinomas show high morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to investigate the role of the "Chromatin Assembly Factor-1" (CAF-1) p60 and p150 subunits, involved in DNA repair and replication, in OSCC and OPSCC progression and in response to Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors and exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). We immunostained tissue microarrays (TMAs), including 112 OSCC and 42 OPSCC, with anti-CAF-1/p60 and anti-CAF-1/p150 specific antibodies, correlating their expression with prognosis. Moreover, we assessed the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and the double-strand breaks repair proficiency by cell viability and HR reporter assays, respectively, in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines upon CAF-1/p60 and CAF-1/p150 depletion. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant prognostic value of both tissue biomarkers combined expression in OSCC but not in OPSCC. In in vitro studies, the p60/150 CAF-1 subunits' depletion impaired the proficiency of Homologous Recombination DNA damage repair, inducing sensitivity to the PARP-inhibitors, able to sensitize both the cell lines to IR. These results indicate that regardless of the prognostic meaning of p60/p150 tissue expression, the pharmacological depletion of CAF-1 complex's function, combined to PARP-inhibitors and/or IR treatment, could represent a valid therapeutic strategy for squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck region.
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18
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Langevin SM, Kuhnell D, Niu L, Biesiada J, Leung YK, Deka R, Chen A, Medvedovic M, Kelsey KT, Kasper S, Zhang X. Comprehensive mapping of the methylation landscape of 16 CpG-dense regions in oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2019; 11:987-1002. [PMID: 31215230 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The goal of this study was to comprehensively interrogate and map DNA methylation across 16 CpG-dense regions previously associated with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Materials & methods: Targeted multiplex bisulfite amplicon sequencing was performed on four OPSCC cell lines and primary non-neoplastic oral epithelial cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for a subset of associated genes. Results: There was clear differential methylation between one or more OPSCC cell lines and control cells for the majority of CpG-dense regions. Conclusion: Targeted multiplex bisulfite amplicon sequencing allowed us to efficiently map methylation across the entire region of interest with a high degree of sensitivity and helps shed light on novel differentially methylated regions that may have value as biomarkers of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Liang Niu
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan Kasper
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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19
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Falzone L, Lupo G, La Rosa GRM, Crimi S, Anfuso CD, Salemi R, Rapisarda E, Libra M, Candido S. Identification of Novel MicroRNAs and Their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050610. [PMID: 31052345 PMCID: PMC6562527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite that the oral cavity is easily accessible for clinical examinations, oral cancers are often not promptly diagnosed. Furthermore, to date no effective biomarkers are available for oral cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers able to improve both diagnostic and prognostic strategies. In this context, the development of innovative high-throughput technologies for molecular and epigenetics analyses has generated a huge amount of data that may be used for the identification of new cancer biomarkers. Methods: In the present study, GEO DataSets and TCGA miRNA profiling datasets were analyzed in order to identify miRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Furthermore, several computational approaches were adopted to establish the functional roles of these miRNAs. Results: The analysis of datasets allowed for the identification of 11 miRNAs with a potential diagnostic role for oral cancer. Additionally, eight miRNAs associated with patients' prognosis were also identified; six miRNAs predictive of patients' overall survival (OS) and one, hsa-miR-let.7i-3p, associated with tumor recurrence. Conclusion: The integrated analysis of different miRNA expression datasets allows for the identification of a set of miRNAs that, after validation, may be used for the early detection of oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Crimi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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