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Strum S, Vincent M, Gipson M, McArthur E, Breadner D. Assessment of serum tumor markers CEA, CA-125, and CA19-9 as adjuncts in non-small cell lung cancer management. Oncotarget 2024; 15:381-388. [PMID: 38870072 PMCID: PMC11174826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional tumor markers may serve as adjuncts in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management. This study analyzed whether three tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, and CA-125) held associations with radiographic and clinical outcomes in NSCLC. It constituted a single-center study of NSCLC patients treated with systemic therapy at the London Regional Cancer Program. Serum tumor markers were analyzed for differences in radiographic responses (RECIST v1.1 or iRECIST), associations with clinical characteristics, and all-cause mortality. A total of 533 NSCLC patients were screened, of which 165 met inclusion criteria. A subset of 92 patients had paired tumor markers and radiographic scans. From the latter population, median (IQR) fold-change from nadir to progression was 2.13 (IQR 1.24-3.02; p < 0.001) for CEA, 1.46 (IQR 1.13-2.18; p < 0.001) for CA19-9, and 1.53 (IQR 0.96-2.12; p < 0.001) for CA-125. Median (IQR) fold-change from baseline to radiographic response was 0.50 (IQR 0.27, 0.95; p < 0.001) for CEA, 1.08 (IQR 0.74, 1.61; p = 0.99) for CA19-9, and 0.47 (IQR 0.18, 1.26; p = 0.008) for CA-125. In conclusion, tumor markers are positioned to be used as adjunct tools in clinical decision making, especially for their associations with radiographic response (CEA/CA-125) or progression (CEA/CA-125/CA-19-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Strum
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan Gipson
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric McArthur
- London Regional Cancer Program at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Breadner
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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Trulson I, Holdenrieder S. Prognostic value of blood-based protein biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer: A critical review and 2008-2022 update. Tumour Biol 2024; 46:S111-S161. [PMID: 37927288 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic possibilities for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have considerably increased during recent decades. OBJECTIVE To summarize the prognostic relevance of serum tumor markers (STM) for early and late-stage NSCLC patients treated with classical chemotherapies, novel targeted and immune therapies. METHODS A PubMed database search was conducted for prognostic studies on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), neuron-specific enolase, squamous-cell carcinoma antigen, progastrin-releasing-peptide, CA125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 STMs in NSCLC patients published from 2008 until June 2022. RESULTS Out of 1069 studies, 141 were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. A considerable heterogeneity regarding design, patient number, analytical and statistical methods was observed. High pretherapeutic CYFRA 21-1 levels and insufficient decreases indicated unfavorable prognosis in many studies on NSCLC patients treated with chemo-, targeted and immunotherapies or their combinations in early and advanced stages. Similar results were seen for CEA in chemotherapy, however, high pretherapeutic levels were sometimes favorable in targeted therapies. CA125 is a promising prognostic marker in patients treated with immunotherapies. Combinations of STMs further increased the prognostic value over single markers. CONCLUSION Protein STMs, especially CYFRA 21-1, have prognostic potential in early and advanced stage NSCLC. For future STM investigations, better adherence to comparable study designs, analytical methods, outcome measures and statistical evaluation standards is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Trulson
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Yang X, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Deng H, Yuan Z, Dong L, Lan J, Hu H, Huang J, Huang S. Dynamic monitoring of serum tumor markers as prognostic factors in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with first-line immunotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231206282. [PMID: 37920256 PMCID: PMC10619361 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231206282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, no specific studies have reported the use of dynamic serum tumor markers (STMs) as prognostic factors in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive first-line immunotherapy. Therefore, it is unclear whether STMs can be used as a prognostic factor for first-line immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC. Objectives To elucidate the role of STMs in monitoring immunotherapy response in advanced NSCLC. Patients were treated with first-line programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors at four Chinese centers. Design This was a multicenter retrospective study. Methods Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6-8 weeks of treatment. Computed tomography scans were used to evaluate treatment efficacy according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Post-treatment drops in STMs [Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125)] were decreased ⩾20% (Group C) over baseline was used as cutoff level for defining a marker response. If STMs were increased by ⩾20% after treatment, the therapeutic effect was limited (Group A). Patients with STM changes between a 20% increase or decrease were enrolled in Group B. In univariate and multivariate stepwise Cox regression analyses, STMs and RECIST responses were analyzed for their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The analysis included 716 patients. By multivariate analysis, CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1, CA19-9, and CA125 (Group A versus Group B and Group A versus Group C) were associated with significant differences in PFS. Similar results were observed in the OS analysis. Similar results were observed in the adenocarcinoma subgroup analyses. In squamous cell carcinoma subgroup analyses, there was no statistical difference in PFS (p = 0.147) or OS (p = 0.068) between Group A and Group B for CA125. Conclusion The increase and decrease in serum levels of STMs might be reliable prognostic factors for immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyan Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of General Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Gaoan City. Gaoan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
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Huang J, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Deng H, Yuan Z, Dong L, Lan J, Li X, Liu G, Hu H, Huang S, Yang X. Baseline serum tumor markers predict the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line immunotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:812. [PMID: 37649021 PMCID: PMC10466830 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline serum tumor markers (STMs) (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], neuron-specific enolase [NSE], cytokeratin-19 fragment [CYFRA21-1], carbohydrate antigen 19-9 [CA19-9], and carbohydrate antigen 125 [CA125]) and the efficacy of first-line immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study evaluated patients who received first-line immunotherapy between July 2017 and July 2022. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), as defined by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. We divided the patients into three groups based on STM levels: Group A ≥ threefold upper limit of normal, threefold upper limit of normal > Group B > upper limit of normal, and Group C ≤ upper limit of normal. RESULTS In total, 716 patients were included in this study. In Cox proportional hazards analyses, the STM levels in Group C were independently associated with superior PFS and OS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Except for CA19-9 level, the STM levels in Group C were independently associated with superior PFS and OS in patients with lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). Except for CEA and CA19-9 levels, the levels in Group A were independently associated with inferior PFS and OS in patients with LUAD and LUSC. CONCLUSIONS Serum CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1, and CA125 levels can predict PFS and OS in patients with LUAD and LUSC, and serum CA19-9 levels can predict PFS and OS in patients with LUAD. The higher the serum NSE, CYFRA21-1, and CA125 levels, the worse the PFS and OS in patients with LUAD and LUSC. In addition, the higher the serum CA19-9 level, the worse the OS in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyan Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Gaoan City. Gaoan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiane Li
- Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaijiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiongwen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Li D, Yin G, Li Z. Detection of non-small cell lung cancer marker CYFRA21-1 via Mxene-based immunoelectrochemical sensor. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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6
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Baek AR, Seo HJ, Lee JH, Park SW, Jang AS, Paik SH, Koh ES, Shin HK, Kim DJ. Prognostic value of baseline carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment levels in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:55-62. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Seo
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - June Hyuk Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - An Soo Jang
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Paik
- Department of Organ transplantation center, Vinmec Hospital, Vietnam
| | - Eun Suk Koh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyun Shin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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7
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Xiong L, Li H, Xu L. An Approach to Evaluate Blurriness in Retinal Images with Vitreous Opacity for Cataract Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:5645498. [PMID: 29065620 PMCID: PMC5424487 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5645498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world's population. A method to evaluate blurriness for cataract diagnosis in retinal images with vitreous opacity is proposed in this paper. Three types of features are extracted, which include pixel number of visible structures, mean contrast between vessels and background, and local standard deviation. To avoid the wrong detection of vitreous opacity as retinal structures, a morphological method is proposed to detect and remove such lesions from retinal visible structure segmentation. Based on the extracted features, a decision tree is trained to classify retinal images into five grades of blurriness. The proposed approach was tested using 1355 clinical retinal images, and the accuracies of two-class classification and five-grade grading compared with that of manual grading are 92.8% and 81.1%, respectively. The kappa value between automatic grading and manual grading is 0.74 in five-grade grading, in which both variance and P value are less than 0.001. Experimental results show that the grading difference between automatic grading and manual grading is all within 1 grade, which is much improvement compared with that of other available methods. The proposed grading method provides a universal measure of cataract severity and can facilitate the decision of cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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8
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Carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin-19 fragments for assessment of therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1037-1045. [PMID: 28278517 PMCID: PMC5396105 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis evaluated whether pretherapy serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1) are predictive of response to therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether changes in these markers during vs pretherapy are indicative of response. Methods: Original peer-reviewed studies enrolling adults with untreated advanced NSCLC were identified using PubMed. Two reviewers independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed study heterogeneity and the risk of study bias. Results: Fourteen studies were eligible; 11 had objective response as an end point and three evaluated clinical benefit (i.e., response and stable disease). Study bias was relatively low. Both markers showed comparable modest predictive value across studies, with baseline CYFRA 21-1 numerically better in predicting treatment benefit. A good performance in identifying objective response during treatment was seen (AUC 0.724 (95% CI 0.667–0.785) for CYFRA 21-1 and 0.728 (95% CI, 0.599–0.871) for CEA). A decline in CYFRA 21-1 levels during treatment was highly indicative for objective response (sensitivity 79.1% (95% CI 71.5–85.1)). Conclusions: Comprehensive analysis of study heterogeneity and bias provides a high level of evidence for the clinical utility of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 for the prediction and monitoring of response in NSCLC.
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Zhao T, Jin Y, Mao G, Wei Y, Wu G, Ye X, Zhou Y, Yuan G, Gao L, Hong Y, Chen Y, Hong C, Zhou H, Su D, Qin Z, Lu L. CYFRA 21-1 is an early predictor of chemotherapeutic effectiveness in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5748. [PMID: 28033287 PMCID: PMC5207583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) has been found to be a useful prognostic marker in lung cancer. Previous studies have revealed that change in CYFRA21-1 synchronously predicted therapeutic effectiveness in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the second cycle of chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the early predictive value of percentage change in serum CYFRA21-1 from pretreatment to completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy for chemotherapeutic effectiveness in advanced NSCLC patients.Ninety-seven advanced NSCLC patients with elevated serum CYFRA21-1 level (≥3.8 μg/L), who received 2 platinum-containing drugs, were included in this retrospective study. Serum CYFRA21-1 had been assayed before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. To evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy, patients were allocated to disease control (DC) and progressive disease groups. The percentage changes of serum CYFRA21-1 concentration before and after first-cycle chemotherapy that occurred in each group were evaluated for their ability to predict achievement of radiologic DC, that is, to predict therapeutic effectiveness.The percentage change of serum CYFRA21-1 and the prevalence of ≥5% weight loss were higher in patients with progressive disease than in those with DC. The differences in other clinical and pathological variables including age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, cigarette smoking, histological type, gross type, clinical stage, and chemotherapy regimens of the 2 groups were not significant. Both multiple generalized linear model analysis and linear trend tests indicated that the percentage change of serum CYFRA21-1 concentration was independently and negatively linked to the effectiveness of chemotherapy for NSCLC (P < 0.01). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the percentage change in prediction of DC was 0.84 and the optimal cut-off value was17.5% (P < 0.001).The percentage change of serum CYFRA21-1 after completing the first cycle of chemotherapy was predictive of treatment effects and might be helpful in making early decisions to change chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Guangyun Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science & Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University
- Center on Clinical & Epidemiological Eye Research, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yaping Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Environmental Science & Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Chaojin Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Zhiquan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Liqin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
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10
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Zavala VA, Kalergis AM. New clinical advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumours. Immunology 2015; 145:182-201. [PMID: 25826229 PMCID: PMC4427384 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of cancer cells for evading the immune system surveillance, including how the immune system modulates the phenotype of tumours, have allowed the development of new therapies that benefit from this complex cellular network to specifically target and destroy cancer cells. Immunotherapy researchers have mainly focused on the discovery of tumour antigens that could confer specificity to immune cells to detect and destroy cancer cells, as well as on the mechanisms leading to an improved activation of effector immune cells. The Food and Drug Administration approval in 2010 of ipilumumab for melanoma treatment and of pembrolizumab in 2014, monoclonal antibodies against T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed cell death 1, respectively, are encouraging examples of how research in this area can successfully translate into clinical use with promising results. Currently, several ongoing clinical trials are in progress testing new anti-cancer therapies based on the enhancement of immune cell activity against tumour antigens. Here we discuss the general concepts related to immunotherapy and the recent application to the treatment of cancer with positive results that support their consideration of clinical application to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Zavala
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- INSERM U1064Nantes, France
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11
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Gao J, Lv F, Wang J, Wu Z, Li J, Yan C, Qi J. Postoperative dynamic changes in the concentration of CK19-2G2 in lung cancer patients and the clinical value of this marker. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8295-9. [PMID: 26002573 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CK19-2G2, a newly identified fragment of cytokeratin 19, is a candidate marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer and for monitoring a patient's response to lung cancer treatment. This study investigated the postoperative dynamic changes in serum CK19-2G2 concentration and the clinical value of this marker in lung cancer patients. Preoperative and postoperative concentrations of CK19-2G2 were measured in 352 lung cancer patients who had undergone pulmonary resection. Stratified analyses based on pathologic types and lymph node involvement were performed to determine their possible impacts on postoperative CK19-2G2 concentration. CK19-2G2 concentration was significantly lower after tumor resection than before tumor resection. For squamous cell carcinoma patients, the postoperative CK19-2G2 concentration had decreased significantly at 1 week after surgery and had decreased further at 1 month after surgery. For adenocarcinoma patients, there were little changes in the CK19-2G2 concentration during 1 week to 1 month after surgery. At 1 week after surgery, the CK19-2G2 concentration was slightly higher in patients with N2 stage disease than in those with N0 and N1 stage disease, and this difference increased at 1 month after surgery. Postoperative CK19-2G2 concentration may be an indicator of prognosis. An increase after the initial drop in CK19-2G2 concentration after surgery may indicate a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cuie Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Kanaji N, Tadokoro A, Watanabe N, Inoue T, Ishii T, Dobashi H, Bandoh S. Increases in serum CYFRA21-1 concentration during successful treatment with crizotinib. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2014; 15:480-4. [PMID: 25380070 PMCID: PMC4228946 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.891194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Case series Patient: — Final Diagnosis: — Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: —
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Tadokoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Bandoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Zhang H, Li G, Liao L, Mao H, Jin Q, Zhao J. Direct detection of cancer biomarkers in blood using a "place n play" modular polydimethylsiloxane pump. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:34105. [PMID: 24404025 PMCID: PMC3676392 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer biomarkers have significant potential as reliable tools for the early detection of the disease and for monitoring its recurrence. However, most current methods for biomarker detection have technical difficulties (such as sample preparation and specific detector requirements) which limit their application in point of care diagnostics. We developed an extremely simple, power-free microfluidic system for direct detection of cancer biomarkers in microliter volumes of whole blood. CEA and CYFRA21-1 were chosen as model cancer biomarkers. The system automatically extracted blood plasma from less than 3 μl of whole blood and performed a multiplex sample-to-answer assay (nano-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique) without the use of external power or extra components. By taking advantage of the nano-ELISA technique, this microfluidic system detected CEA at a concentration of 50 pg/ml and CYFRA21-1 at a concentration of 60 pg/ml within 60 min. The combination of PnP polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pump and nano-ELISA technique in a single microchip system shows great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers in a drop of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lingying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
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