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Chen X, Xu M, An Y. Identifying the essential nodes in network pharmacology based on multilayer network combined with random walk algorithm. J Biomed Inform 2020; 114:103666. [PMID: 33352331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the general complex network, the multilayer network is more suitable for the description of reality. It can be used as a tool of network pharmacology to analyze the mechanism of drug action from an overall perspective. Combined with random walk algorithm, it measures the importance of nodes from the entire network rather than a single layer. Here a four-layer network was constructed based on the data about the action process of prescriptions, consisting of ingredients, target proteins, metabolic pathways and diseases. The random walk algorithm was used to calculate the betweenness centrality of the protein layer nodes to get the rank of their importance. According to above method, we screened out the top 10% proteins that play a key role in treatment. Prescriptions Xiaochaihu Decoction was taken as example to prove our method. The selected proteins were measured with the ones that have been validated to be associated with the treated diseases. The results showed that its accuracy was no less than the topology-based method of single-layer network. The applicability of our method was proved by another prescription Yupingfeng Decoction. Our study demonstrated that multilayer network combined with random walk algorithm was an effective method for pre-screening vital target proteins related to prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlai Chen
- Big Data Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Big Data Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ying An
- Big Data Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Meresman GF, Götte M, Laschke MW. Plants as source of new therapies for endometriosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:367-392. [PMID: 33124671 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the disadvantages and limitations of current endometriosis therapy, there is a progressive increase in studies focusing on plant-derived agents as a natural treatment option with the intention of achieving high efficiency, avoiding adverse effects and preserving the chance for successful pregnancy. The heterogeneity of these studies in terms of evaluated agents, applied approaches and outcomes illustrates the need for an up-to-date summary and critical view on this rapidly growing field in endometriosis research. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review provides a comprehensive overview of plant-derived agents and natural treatment strategies that are under preclinical or clinical investigation and critically evaluates their potential for future endometriosis therapy. SEARCH METHODS An English language PubMed literature search was performed using variations of the terms 'endometriosis', 'natural therapy', 'herb/herbal', 'plant', 'flavonoid', 'polyphenol', 'phytochemical', 'bioactive', 'Kampo' and 'Chinese medicine'. It included both animal and human studies. Moreover, the Clinicaltrials.gov database was searched with the term 'endometriosis' for clinical trials on plant-derived agents. No restriction was set for the publication date. OUTCOMES Natural therapies can be assigned to three categories: (i) herbal extracts, (ii) specific plant-derived bioactive compounds and (iii) Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Agents of the first category have been shown to exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant effects on endometrial cells and endometriotic lesions. However, the existing evidence supporting their use in endometriosis therapy is quite limited. The most studied specific plant-derived bioactive compounds are resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, puerarin, ginsenosides, xanthohumol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, quercetin, apigenin, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, wogonin, baicalein, parthenolide, andrographolide and cannabinoids, with solid evidence about their inhibitory activity in experimental endometriosis models. Their mechanisms of action include pleiotropic effects on known signalling effectors: oestrogen receptor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1 and -6, tumour necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor-kappa B, matrix metalloproteinases as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis-related proteins. Numerous studies suggest that treatment with CHM is a good choice for endometriosis management. Even under clinical conditions, this approach has already been shown to decrease the size of endometriotic lesions, alleviate chronic pelvic pain and reduce postoperative recurrence rates. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The necessity to manage endometriosis as a chronic disease highlights the importance of identifying novel and affordable long-term safety therapeutics. For this purpose, natural plant-derived agents represent promising candidates. Many of these agents exhibit a pleiotropic action profile, which simultaneously inhibits fundamental processes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, such as proliferation, inflammation, ROS formation and angiogenesis. Hence, their inclusion into multimodal treatment concepts may essentially contribute to increase the therapeutic efficiency and reduce the side effects of future endometriosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F Meresman
- Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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XCHD Inhibits C6 Cell Growth Primarily via the p53/Caspase Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7973639. [PMID: 33029173 PMCID: PMC7528083 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7973639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of XCHD on the proliferation of C6 cells and on factors associated with the microRNA-34a (miR-34a)/p53/caspase-3 signaling pathway in vitro were investigated. Methods. XCHD was purchased too much to complete the study. CCK-8 assay was used to measure the XCHD concentration, and qPCR was used to quantify miR-34a expression at the mRNA level. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL. Western blots were used to determine the p53, caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bcl-2 expression levels. Results. The optimal XCHD concentration and time effect for C6 cells were observed after 36 h of exposure to a concentration of 100 µg/ml XCHD. miR-34a expression increased 8 and 12 h after the addition of XCHD. The presence of XCHD decreased Bcl-2 expression but increased p53, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and caspase-8 expression. When p53 was inhibited, miR-34a expression was unaffected by the addition of XCHD, Bcl-2 expression was low, and cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and caspase-8 expression increased. The inhibition of p53 promoted C6 cell growth when compared with C6 cells exposed to XCHD and with no inhibition of p53. Conclusions. XCHD inhibits C6 cell growth which was influenced by the p53/caspase pathway.
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Della Corte L, Noventa M, Ciebiera M, Magliarditi M, Sleiman Z, Karaman E, Catena U, Salvaggio C, Falzone G, Garzon S. Phytotherapy in endometriosis: an up-to-date review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0084. [PMID: 31532753 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease which symptoms can provide a severe impact on patient's quality of life with subsequent impact on psychological well-being. Different therapeutic strategies are available to treat this disease, such as surgery, hormonal therapies, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, the efficacy of conventional medical treatments is limited or intermittent in most of the patients due to the associated side effects. Therefore, a woman with endometriosis often search for additional and alternative options, and phytotherapy might be a promising alternative and complementary strategy. Different medicinal plants, multicomponent herbal preparations, and phytochemicals were investigated for pharmacological proprieties in endometriosis therapy. In most of the cases, the effect on endometriosis was related to phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids reporting anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory functions. Moreover, some phytochemicals have been related to a strong phytoestrogenic effect modulating the estrogen activity. Although promising, available evidence is based on in vitro and animal models of endometriosis with a limited number of well-performed clinical studies. There are almost none randomized control trials in this area. Therefore, properly constructed clinical trials are mandatory to achieve more conclusive results about the promising role of phytotherapy in the management of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michal Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Magliarditi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Policlinico Universitario Gazzi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zaki Sleiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erbil Karaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey
| | - Ursula Catena
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Salvaggio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 2 Caltanissetta, "Sant'Elia" Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Falzone
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, "Umberto I" Hospital, Enna, Italy
| | - Simone Garzon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Zheng W, Cao L, Xu Z, Ma Y, Liang X. Anti-Angiogenic Alternative and Complementary Medicines for the Treatment of Endometriosis: A Review of Potential Molecular Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4128984. [PMID: 30402122 PMCID: PMC6191968 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4128984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is caused by the growth or infiltration of endometrial tissues outside of the endometrium and myometrium. Symptoms include pain and infertility. Surgery and hormonal therapy are widely used in Western medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, the side effects associated with this practice include disease recurrence and menopause, which can severely influence quality of life. Angiogenesis is the main biological mechanism underlying the development of endometriosis. Numerous natural products and Chinese medicines with potent anti-angiogenic effects have been investigated, and the molecular basis underlying their therapeutic effects in endometriosis has been explored. This review aims to describe natural products and compounds that suppress angiogenesis associated with endometriosis and to assess their diverse molecular mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review provides a source of information relating to alternative and complementary therapeutic products that mediate anti-angiogenesis. An extensive review of the literature and electronic databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Embase, was conducted using the keywords 'endometriosis,' 'traditional Chinese medicine,' 'Chinese herbal medicine,' 'natural compounds,' and 'anti-angiogenic' therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy is an emerging strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. Natural anti-angiogenic products and Chinese medicines provide several beneficial clinical effects, including pain relief. In this review, we summarize clinical trials and experimental studies of endometriosis using natural products and Chinese medicines. In particular, we focus on anti-angiogenic products and alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of endometriosis and additionally examine their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. Anti-angiogenic natural products and/or compounds provide a new approach for the treatment of endometriosis. Future work will require randomized trials with larger numbers of subjects, as well as long-term follow-up to confirm the findings described here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lixing Cao
- Team of Application of Chinese Medicine in Perioperative Period, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Anyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuefang Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China
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Chen ZZ, Gong X. Effect of Hua Yu Xiao Zheng decoction on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in rats with endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5743-5750. [PMID: 29285116 PMCID: PMC5740754 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Hua Yu Xiao Zheng (HYXZ) decoction, on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model and to determine the possible underlying regulatory mechanisms. A total of 108 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group (n=12) and endometriosis group (EM group; n=96), in which endometriosis was surgically induced in model rats by autotransplantation of endometrial tissues and 72 rats survived. After 3 weeks, the EM model rats were randomly divided into four subgroups (n=18), including the untreated model group, and three groups administered 7, 14 or 21 g/kg HYXZ decoction. Following 28 days of treatment, the associated proteins and genes of ectopic endometrial tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Compared with the model group, the size of the endometriotic implants decreased significantly in the HYXZ-treated groups. Furthermore, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were significantly decreased in HYXZ-treated groups compared with the model group. These results indicate that HYXZ affected the inhibition of angiogenesis and decreased the endometriotic implant volumes and histopathological scores. The effectiveness of HYXZ may be partially attributed to the decrease of VEGF and Ang-2 expression levels in the ectopic endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Gynecology, Dong Fang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
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Effect of Taoren Quyu Decoction on human endometrial cells and its anti-endometriosis activity in rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:696-700. [PMID: 28870346 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Taoren Quyu Decoction (TQD) on endometrial cells in patients with endometriosis (EMs) and EMs in rats. METHODS A total of 60 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, normal group, model group, positive group and TQD group, each group having 15 rats. Except the normal group, EMs model was established in the other three groups by transplanting the rat autologous endometrium. After 4 weeks of intragastric administration, blood, eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of rats in each group were collected to detect the serum levels of estrogen (E2), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), endometrial antibody (EMAb), and expressions of microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang-2). The volume of endometriosis cyst was determined simultaneously. For the in vitro culture of human endometrial cells, 4 groups, namely, normal group, model group, positive group and TQD group were used. The positive group and TQD group were treated with danazol and TQD respectively. Then 24 h after the treatment, the expressions of survivin and tumor suppressor gene (p53) of each group were detected. RESULTS The volumes of the endometriosis cysts in the positive group and the TQD group were significantly reduced compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The serum levels of E2, CA125 and EMAb, and the expressions of MVD, VEGF and Ang-2 in the model group were significantly increased compared with the normal group (P < 0.05); while they were all significantly reduced in the positive group and TQD group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, the expression of survivin in the model group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), and expression of p53 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the expressions of survivin in the positive and TQD groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The difference between positive group and TQD group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TQD has a significant anti-EMs effect, and its mechanism of action may be related to anti-angiogenesis and promoting apoptosis of ectopic endometrial cell.
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Jafarabadi M, Salehnia M, Sadafi R. Evaluation of two endometriosis models by transplantation of human endometrial tissue fragments and human endometrial mesenchymal cells. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Jafarabadi M, Salehnia M, Sadafi R. Evaluation of two endometriosis models by transplantation of human endometrial tissue fragments and human endometrial mesenchymal cells. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:21-32. [PMID: 28280797 PMCID: PMC5340136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The animal models of endometriosis could be a valuable alternative tool for clarifying the etiology of endometriosis. OBJECTIVE In this study two endometriosis models at the morphological and molecular levels was evaluated and compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human endometrial tissues were cut into small fragments then they were randomly considered for transplantation into γ irradiated mice as model A; or they were isolated and cultured up to fourth passages. 2×106 cultured stromal cells were transplanted into γ irradiated mice subcutaneously as model B. twenty days later the ectopic tissues in both models were studied morphologically by Periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) genes were also assessed using real time RT-PCR. 17-β estradiol levels of mice sera were compared before and after transplantation. RESULTS The endometrial like glands and stromal cells were formed in the implanted subcutaneous tissue of both endometriosis models. The gland sections per cubic millimeter, the expression of OPN and MMP2 genes and the level of 17-β estradiol were higher in model B than model A (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Our observation demonstrated that endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells showed more efficiency to establish endometriosis model than human endometrial tissue fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Jafarabadi
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojdeh Salehnia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rana Sadafi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu H, Wang J, Wang H, Tang N, Li Y, Zhang Y, Hao T. The plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 are elevated in patients with endometriosis. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 53:599-605. [PMID: 26744503 DOI: 10.1177/0004563215626458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, which is critical to normal tissue remodelling during embryogenesis and wound healing. In patients with endometriosis, increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 have been observed in ectopic endometrium, but the plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with endometriosis and their relation to disease severity have not been clear. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in plasma and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. Methods A prospective case–control study was conducted in Jinan Military General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2013. Fifty patients with proven endometriosis and 26 endometriosis-free controls were enrolled in this study. Patients with endometriosis were evaluated and divided into moderate/severe endometriosis group (stage I–II, n = 26) and minimal/mild endometriosis group (stage III–IV, n = 24) according to the revised criteria of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Blood samples and peritoneal fluid were obtained from both patients and controls. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma and peritoneal fluid. The concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 between different groups was compared and its correlation to disease severity was analysed. Results Plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with endometriosis were higher than that in controls. In addition, those patients with moderate/severe endometriosis had significantly higher plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 compared to those with minimal/mild endometriosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentrations in plasma and peritoneal fluid were both positively correlated with severity of endometriosis and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentrations had a positive correlation with peritoneal fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 concentrations in patients with endometriosis. Conclusions Increased concentrations of plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 appear to be associated with disease severity of endometriosis and may serve as an alternative biomarker to determine disease severity of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre of Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
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Overexpression of a steroid receptor-binding protein bearing the regulator of the G-protein signaling domain suppresses migration and invasion of human endometrial stromal cells stimulated by 17β-estradiol. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 196:26-30. [PMID: 26656198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease, a steroid receptor-binding protein bearing the regulator of the G-protein signaling domain (SRB-RGS) can suppress the estrogen receptors-mediated transcriptional activities. We sought to determine whether overexpression of SRB-RGS suppresses the migration and invasion ability of endometrial stromal cells stimulated by 17β-estradiol (E2). STUDY DESIGN Endometrial stromal cells were obtained from endometriosis patients. SRB-RGS was overexpressed in the cells stimulated by E2. The migration and invasion ability of the cells were measured by migration assay and invasion assay, respectively. Western blot analysis was done to test the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Overexpression of SRB-RGS suppressed the migration and invasion ability of the stromal cells stimulated by E2; it also suppressed the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF, while the expression of TIMP-1 was increased. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of SRB-RGS suppresses the migration and invasion ability of the E2-stimulated endometrial stromal cells. The molecular mechanism is the reduced expression of MMP-9 and VEGF, and the increased expression of TIMP-1. These findings suggest that the coding gene of SRB-RGS is a promising target gene for endometriosis gene therapy.
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Liu H, Wang J, Wang H, Tang N, Li Y, Zhang Y, Hao T. Correlation between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and endometriosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13399-13404. [PMID: 26722547 PMCID: PMC4680492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial implantation is the major cause of endometriosis (EMS). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) can degrade multiple extracellular matrix and has been postulated to be related with EMC occurrence. This study thus investigated serum and ascites levels of MMP-9 in EMS patients, in an attempt to discuss the correlation between MMP-9 and EMS. A total of 100 EMS patients, including eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium, were recruited in this study along with hysteromyoma patients as the control group. Peripheral blood and ascites samples were collected and tested for MMP-9 levels using gelatin zymogram and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In EMS patients, MMP-9 levels in serum and ascites were 6.24 ± 0.53 mM and 38.57 ± 4.93 mM, respectively. Both of them were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Eutopic endometrium group had higher MMP-9 levels compared to those in ectopic endometrium ones (P<0.05). With advancement of disease stage, EMS patients had progressively elevated MMP-9 levels (P<0.05). Patients at proliferative stage had higher MMP-9 secretion (P<0.05). In summary, site of endometrium, clinical stage and proliferative cycle were independent risk factors for EMS. The elevation of serum and ascites MMP-9 existed in EMS patients, of which those had ectopic endometrium, advanced stage and at proliferative stage had higher MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- Department of Reproduction, Reproductive Medicine Center, Jinan Military General Hospital Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
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