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Pretzsch E, Lampert C, Bazhin AV, Link H, Jacob S, Guba M, Werner J, Neumann J, Angele MK, Bösch F. EMT-related genes are unlikely to be involved in extracapsular growth of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153688. [PMID: 34872022 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC), extracapsular growth (ECG) pattern of lymph node metastases is associated with decreased overall survival rates compared to intracapsular lymph node metastases (ICG). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in hematogenous metastatic spread. Aim of the present study was to analyze if EMT related genes are involved in the growth pattern of lymph node metastases in GC. METHODS Out of our prospective database with 529 patients who underwent surgical resection for GC between 2002 and 2014 forty lymph node positive patients were identified (20 ECG, 20 ICG). The expression of 84 EMT-associated genes were analyzed by RT2 Profiler PCR Array (n = 20). Results were validated by Real-Time PCR (n = 20). RESULTS GC with ECG showed differently expressed EMT related genes. GC leading to ECG showed an upregulation of three and downregulation of eleven genes. Those differences, however, could not be confirmed in PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that EMT related genes are not responsible for the different growth patterns of lymph node metastases in GC. Further studies are required to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of ECG in GC as it might provide a potential therapeutic target for this subgroup of more aggressive tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Lampert
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Link
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Jacob
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin K Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kobayashi H, Imanaka S. Toward an understanding of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 as a novel serodiagnostic marker for clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2978-2989. [PMID: 34184357 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 has recently emerged as a serodiagnostic marker for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), especially clear cell carcinoma (CCC). This review discusses the biological properties of TFPI-2 and why serum levels are elevated in CCC patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed up until March, 2021. RESULTS TFPI-2 is a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor and negatively regulates the enzymatic activities, such as plasmin. TFPI-2 has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene and was frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers. In contrast, TFPI-2 was overexpressed only in CCC. TFPI-2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of CCC, possibly through regulation of coagulation system, stabilization of extracellular matrix (ECM), and induction of intracellular signal transduction. TFPI-2 suppresses tissue factor-induced hypercoagulation in a hypoxic environment. TFPI-2, secreted by CCC cells, platelets, and adjacent vascular endothelial cells, may suppress tumor growth and invasion through ECM remodeling. Nuclear TFPI-2 may suppress matrix metalloproteinase production via transcription factors and modulate caspase-mediated cell apoptosis. CCC cells may upregulate the TFPI-2 expression to adapt to survival in the demanding environment. TFPI-2 is secreted by CCC cells and enters the systemic circulation, resulting in elevated blood levels. DISCUSSION Serum TFPI-2 reflects the overexpression of TFPI-2 in CCC tissues and is a potential serodiagnostic marker. Further research is needed to explore the expression, clinical significance, biological function, and potential mechanism of TFPI-2 in CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Ms. Clinic MayOne, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Bagheri H, Mosallaei M, Bagherpour B, Khosravi S, Salehi AR, Salehi R. TFPI2 and NDRG4 gene promoter methylation analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are novel epigenetic noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3189. [PMID: 32196834 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the growing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC), new screening and early detection methods are required. Among the novel biomarkers, DNA methylation has emerged as a high-potential diagnosis/screening molecular marker. The present study aimed to assess non-invasive early diagnosis of CRC by examining promoter methylation of TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Fifty CRC patients and 50 normal controls were recruited to the present study. Quantitative methylation of the promoter region of the TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes was analyzed in DNA extracted from PBMCs of all cases and control subjects using a methylation-quantification endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the TFPI2 gene for the diagnosis of CRC was 88% and 92%, respectively, and, for the NDRG4 gene, it was 86% and 92%, respectively. The methylation range for the TFPI2 gene was 43.93% and 11.56% in patients and controls, respectively, and, for the NDRG4 gene, it was 38.8% in CRC patients and 12.23% in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In addition, we observed that a higher percentage of methylation was correlated with the higher stage of CRC. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study reveal that PBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening. Furthermore, the TFPI2 and NDRG4 genes provide sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity to be nominated for use in a novel noninvasive CRC screening method in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bagheri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Bagherpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science & Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharifeh Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science & Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
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Hypomethylation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 in human placenta of preeclampsia. Thromb Res 2017; 152:7-13. [PMID: 28208084 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression, DNA methylation status and its regulatory mechanism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) in human placenta tissues of preeclampsia (PE). MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied the mRNA and protein expression and the promoter methylation levels of TFPI-2 in the PE placentas compared with those in the normal pregnant (NP) women. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and Sequenom MassARRAY were used for placenta tissue detection. RESULTS The expressions of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in the PE placentas when compared with those in the NP ones (P<0.05). Hypomethylation of the TFPI-2 promoter was detected both in PE patients and NP women, with a significant decrease in PE placentas (P=0.005). The methylation level was significantly decreased at CpG_6 (-168 to -167), CpG_15 (-98 to -97) and CpG_18.19 (-68 to -65) in PE patients than that in normal placentas (P<0.05). However, the expression of DNMT-1 didn't show significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Over-expression of TFPI-2 and aberrant promoter mythylation status presented in the PE placentas, suggesting that epigenetic mechanism might contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
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Li Z, Xu Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Liu Y, Tu Z. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:95-102. [PMID: 28053577 PMCID: PMC5199000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of over-expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) on the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (Hep3B and HepG2). The TFPI-2 recombinant adenovirus (pAd-TFPI-2) was constructed using the pAdeasy-1 vector system. Transfected by pAd-TFPI-2, the cell proliferation of HCC cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and CD133 expression. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of markers of hepatocellular cancer stem cells (CSC) and hepatocytes. The over-expression of TFPI-2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and dramatically decreased the percentage of CD133 cells, which was considered as CSC in HCC. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of markers of CSC in Hep3B cells and HepG2 cells infected with pAd-TFPI-2 was markedly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), while the expression of markers of hepatocytes was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Hence, TFPI-2 could induce the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells into hepatocytes, and is expected to serve as a novel way for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Pingshan People's Hospital, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yincui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiguang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Zhou X, Cai G, He Y, Tong G. Separation of cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris fermentation supernatant using preparative HPLC and evaluation of its antibacterial activity as an NAD +-dependent DNA ligase inhibitor. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1812-1816. [PMID: 27588098 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin exhibits various bio-activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and immune regulation activities, and is a significant focus of research. However, the preparation of high-purity cordycepin remains challenging. Also, the molecular target with which cordycepin interacts to cause an antibacterial effect remains unknown. In the present study, cordycepin was prepared by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) and the purity obtained was 99.6%, indicating that this technique may be useful for the large-scale isolation of cordycepin in the future. The results of computational molecular docking analysis indicated that the interaction energy between cordycepin and NAD+-dependent DNA ligase (LigA) was lower than that between cordycepin and other common antibacterial targets. The highly pure cordycepin obtained by prep-HPLC demonstrated inhibitory activity against LigA from various bacteria in vitro. In conclusion, cordycepin may be useful as a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting LigA in various bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, Linjing College, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, Linjing College, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Guotong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, Linjing College, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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Zhai LL, Cai CY, Wu Y, Tang ZG. Correlation and prognostic significance of MMP-2 and TFPI-2 differential expression in pancreatic carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:682-91. [PMID: 25755762 PMCID: PMC4348899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 not only correlate with tumorigenesis, but also with tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aims to investigate the correlation and prognostic significance of MMP-2 and TFPI-2 differential expression in pancreatic carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate MMP-2 and TFPI-2 expression in tumor tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues from 122 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The results showed that the expression of MMP-2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in tumor tissues (78.7%) than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (27.9%), whereas the expression of TFPI-2 was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in tumor tissues (27.9%) than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (79.5%). Spearman's rank correlation test showed a negative correlation between MMP-2 and TFPI-2 expression (r = -0.346, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high MMP-2 expression was significantly correlated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001), while high TFPI-2 expression was significantly associated with increased DFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that high MMP-2 expression can act as an independent predictive factor for poor DFS (P = 0.01); and low TFPI-2 expression as an independent prognostic factor for poor DFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings suggested that the differential expression of MMP-2 and TFPI-2 have a negative correlation in pancreatic carcinoma tissues; they may be considered as valuable biomarkers for prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryHefei 230001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong-Yang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryHefei 230001, People’s Republic of China
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