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Khorshid S, Montanari M, Benedetti S, Moroni S, Aluigi A, Canonico B, Papa S, Tiboni M, Casettari L. A microfluidic approach to fabricate sucrose decorated liposomes with increased uptake in breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 178:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhang S, Vong CT, Yang Z, Wang Y, Lin Z. The Pharmacological Rationales and Molecular Mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides for the Therapeutic Applications of Multiple Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:53-90. [PMID: 34963429 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile Chinese herb, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst (G. lucidum) has been applied to treat multiple diseases in clinics and improve the quality of life of patients. Among all of its extracts, the main bioactive components are G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), which possess many therapeutic effects, such as antitumor, immunoregulatory, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects and neuroprotection activities. This review briefly summarized the recent studies of the pharmacological rationales of GLPs and their underlying molecular signaling transmission mechanisms in treating diseases. Until now, the clear mechanisms of GLPs for treating diseases have not been reported. In this review, we used the keywords of "Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides" and "tumor" to search in PubMed (years of 1992-2020), then screened and obtained 160 targets of antitumor activities in the literatures. The network pharmacology and mechanism framework were employed in this study as powerful approaches to systematically analyze the complicated potential antitumor mechanisms and targets of GLPs in cancer. We then found that there are 69 targets and 21 network pathways in "Pathways in cancer". Besides, we summarized the effects of GLPs and the models and methods used in the research of GLPs. In conclusion, GLPs have been studied extensively, but more in-depth research is still needed to determine the exact mechanisms and pathways. Therefore, this review might provide new insights into the vital targets and pathways for researchers to study the pharmacological mechanisms of GLPs for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zizhao Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Sohretoglu D, Huang S. Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides as An Anti-cancer Agent. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:667-674. [PMID: 29141563 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666171113121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been used for centuries in Asian countries to treat various diseases and to promote health and longevity. Clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of G. lucidum as an alternative adjuvant therapy in cancer patients without obvious toxicity. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is the main bioactive component in the water soluble extracts of this mushroom. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that GLP possesses potential anticancer activity through immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects. Here, we briefly summarize these anticancer effects of GLP and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sohretoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, TR 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States
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Wang C, Lin D, Chen Q, Lin S, Shi S, Chen C. Polysaccharide peptide isolated from grass-cultured Ganoderma lucidum induces anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in the human U251 glioma cell line. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541200 PMCID: PMC5835855 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) mushroom is one of the most extensively studied functional foods, known for its numerous health benefits, including the inhibition of tumor cell growth. The present study assessed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of a novel G. lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GL-PP) in human glioma U251 cells, which was purified from grass-cultured G. lucidum. GL-PP is a glycopeptide with an average molecular weight of 42,635 Da and a polysaccharide-to-peptide ratio of 88.70:11.30. The polysaccharides were composed of l-arabinose, d-mannose and d-glucose at a molar ratio of 1.329:0.372:2.953 and a total of 17 amino acids were detected. The results of the current study demonstrated that GL-PP significantly inhibited U251 cellular proliferation. The proportion of G0/G1 phase cells and sub-G1 phase cells significantly increased as the concentration of GL-PP increased, as did the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that GL-PP directly inhibited human glioma U251 proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China.,Fuzhou Institute of Green Valley Bio-Pharm Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Songsheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Sun LX, Lin ZB, Lu J, Li WD, Niu YD, Sun Y, Hu CY, Zhang GQ, Duan XS. The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum. Immunol Res 2017; 65:658-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cheng S, Sliva D. Ganoderma lucidum for cancer treatment: we are close but still not there. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:249-57. [PMID: 25626896 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414568721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia to improve health and promote longevity. The idea of using G. lucidum for cancer treatment is based on numerous laboratory and preclinical studies with cancer and immune cells as well as animal models demonstrating various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. For example, G. lucidum possesses cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. Limited clinical studies, including case reports and randomized controlled trials, suggest G. lucidum as an alternative adjunct therapy for stimulating the immune system in cancer patients. To confirm the efficacy of G. lucidum in cancer treatment, systematic translational research programs should be started worldwide. In addition, only standardized preclinically evaluated, biologically active G. lucidum extracts should be used in alternative treatments. This approach will lead to the development of standardized G. lucidum preparations with specific chemical fingerprint-associated anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Cheng
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Sliva
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Qi HH, Yang N, Li M, Xing EH, Sun Y, Yu M, Li WD, Lu J. Suppression of the Production of Transforming Growth Factor β1, Interleukin-10, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the B16F10 Cells byGanoderma lucidumPolysaccharides. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:667-75. [PMID: 24673200 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Hua Qi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - En-Hong Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
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Li N, Cao N, Niu YD, Bai XH, Lu J, Sun Y, Yu M, Sun LX, Duan XS. Effects of the polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus Calmette-Guérin on the production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Biomed Rep 2013; 1:713-718. [PMID: 24649015 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Urticaria is one of the most frequent dermatoses and its prevalence in the general population is estimated to be ~20%, whereas a substantial percentage of the cases may be classified as chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). The inflammatory response presenting with spontaneous wheals exhibits pro-inflammatory characteristics, involving a prominent role for lymphocytes with a mixed Th1/Th2 response in which interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 are prominently secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. In CIU patients, it was demonstrated that IL-10 production was elevated and IL-2 reduced compared to controls. Therefore, inhibition of IL-10 and promotion of IL-2 production by the lymphocytes, indicating Th2 inhibition and Th1 promotion, may facilitate the treatment of CIU. Whether the polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-PSN), which possesses multiple immunomodulatory properties, has that potential, remains to be elucidated. In this study, BCG-PSN was used on lymphocytes isolated from CIU patients, with healthy donors used as controls. Immunocytochemistry and ELISA were used to detect IL-2 and IL-10 production. It was demonstrated that the IL-2 production by the lymphocytes in the CIU group was significantly lower compared to that in the healthy control group and it increased sequentially with the increase of the concentration of BCG-PSN used. By contrast, the IL-10 production by the lymphocytes in the CIU group was significantly higher compared to that in the healthy control group and decreased sequentially with the increase of the concentration of BCG-PSN used. Thus, it may be concluded that the BCG-PSN has the potential to promote IL-2 and inhibit IL-10 production in the lymphocytes of CIU patients, facilitating the treatment of CIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Na Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hui Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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