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Verhoven B, Zeng W, Chlebeck P, Matkowskyj K, Jennings H, Poore S, Al-Adra D. Heterotopic Auxiliary Whole Liver Rat Transplant Model Utilizing a Hepaticoureterostomy for Allograft Rejection Studies. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66516. [PMID: 38526116 PMCID: PMC11021131 DOI: 10.3791/66516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Small animal transplant models are indispensable for organ tolerance studies investigating feasible therapeutic interventions in preclinical studies. Rat liver transplantation (LTx) protocols typically use an orthotopic model where the recipients' native liver is removed and replaced with a donor liver. This technically demanding surgical procedure requires advanced micro-surgical skills and is further complicated by lengthy anhepatic and lower body ischemia times. This prompted the development of a less complicated heterotopic method that can be performed faster with no anhepatic or lower body ischemia time, reducing post-surgery stress for the recipient animal. This heterotopic LTx protocol includes two main steps: excising the liver from the donor rat and transplanting the whole liver into the recipient rat. During the excision of the donor liver, the surgeon ligates the supra-hepatic vena cava (SHVC) and hepatic artery (HA). On the recipient side, the surgeon removes the left kidney and positions the donor liver with the portal vein (PV), infra-hepatic vena cava (IHVC), and bile duct facing the renal vessels. Further, the surgeon anastomoses the recipient's renal vein end to end with the IHVC of the liver and arterializes the PV with the renal artery using a stent. A hepaticoureterostomy is utilized for biliary drainage by anastomosing the bile duct to the recipient's ureter, permitting the discharge of bile via the bladder. The average duration of the transplantation was 130 min, cold ischemia duration was around 35 min, and warm ischemia duration was less than 25 min. Hematoxylin and eosin histology of the auxiliary liver from syngeneic transplants showed normal hepatocyte structure with no significant parenchymal alterations 30 days post-transplant. In contrast, 8-day post-transplant allogeneic graft specimens demonstrated extensive lymphocytic infiltration with a Banff Schema rejection activity index score of 9. Therefore, this LTx method facilitates a low morbidity rejection model alternative to orthotopic LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret Verhoven
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wisconsin
| | - Peter Chlebeck
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Kristina Matkowskyj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; UW Carbone Cancer Center; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans' Hospital
| | - Heather Jennings
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Samuel Poore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Wisconsin
| | - David Al-Adra
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
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Dias ML, Paranhos BA, Goldenberg RCDS. Liver scaffolds obtained by decellularization: A transplant perspective in liver bioengineering. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221105305. [PMID: 35756167 PMCID: PMC9218891 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for many diseases that affect this organ, however, its quantity and viability are reduced. The study of liver scaffolds based on an extracellular matrix is a tissue bioengineering strategy with great application in regenerative medicine. Collectively, recent studies suggest that liver scaffold transplantation may assist in reestablishing hepatic function in preclinical diseased animals, which represents a great potential for application as a treatment for patients with liver disease in the future. This review focuses on useful strategies to promote liver scaffold transplantation and the main open questions about this context. We outline the current knowledge about ex vivo bioengineered liver transplantation, including the surgical techniques, recipient survival time, scaffold preparation before transplantation, and liver disease models. We also highlight the current limitations and future directions regarding in vivo bioengineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Lemos Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa - INCT - REGENERA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bruno Andrade Paranhos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa - INCT - REGENERA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa - INCT - REGENERA, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Kresakova L, Danko J, Andrejcakova Z, Petrovova E, Vdoviakova K, Cizkova D, Maloveska M, Toth T, Tomco M, Vrzgula A, Teleky J, Supuka P. 3D Reconstruction and Evaluation of Accessory Hepatic Veins in Right Hemilivers in Laboratory Animals by Metrotomography: Implications for Surgery. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:920-927. [PMID: 30707686 PMCID: PMC6367890 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study investigated the detection of accessory hepatic veins and their vascular territories in the right hemiliver in rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, which has become a prerequisite for newly developed clinical procedures. We compared the anatomical continuity of accessory hepatic veins with accessory hepatic veins existing in human livers. Material/Methods The analysis of accessory hepatic veins was performed using a corrosion cast method in combination with computer tomography (CT). Results In normal livers, accessory hepatic veins were regularly found. The length of these veins was 0.88±0.29 (cm ±SD) in rats, 1.10±0.39 in guinea pigs, and 1.28±0.48 in rabbits. Accessory hepatic veins became a part of the draining vessel draining into segment VI and VII; represented by interpolating and following Chouinard’s segmental concept. Conclusions The importance of detecting accessory hepatic veins lies in the identification of structures requiring special attention during surgery, in reduction of surgical complications, and in choosing the best approach to maintain the vitality of a drainage segment. The vascular reconstruction should be done during surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kresakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Petrovova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Maloveska
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Teodor Toth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Tomco
- Railway Hospital in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Vrzgula
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Hospital Kosice-Saca, Kosice-Saca, Slovakia
| | - Jana Teleky
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Supuka
- Institute of Nutrition, Dietetics and Feed Production, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
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